Glencoe World History Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism – Flashcards
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Enclosure movement *
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In Great Britain in the 1700s, this Parliamentary decree allowed fencing off of common lands, forcing many peasants to move to town.
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Capital *
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Money available for investment
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Entrepreneur *
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a person interested in finding new business opportunities and new ways to make profits
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Cottage Industry*
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a method of production in which tasks are done by individuals in their rural homes
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Puddling*
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a process in which coke derived from coal is used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high-quality iron
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Industrial Capitalism*
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an economic system based on industrial production or manufacturing
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Socialism*
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a system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production
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James Watt *
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A Scottish engineer who improved the steam engine in the 1760s
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Manchester*
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A rich cotton-manufacturing town that was linked to the thriving port of Liverpool
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Liverpool*
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A thriving port that was linked to the cotton-manufacturing town of Manchester with a 32-mile railroad
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Robert Fulton*
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He built the first paddle-wheel steamboat in 1807.
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Conservatism*
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a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion
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Principle of Intervention*
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the idea that great powers have the right to send armies into countries where there are revolutions to restore legitimate governments
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Liberalism*
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a political philosophy originally based largely on Enlightenment principles, holding that people should be as free as possible from government restraint and that civil liberties - the basic rights of all people - should be protected
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Universal Male Suffrage*
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the right of all males to vote in elections
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Multinational State*
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a state in which people of many nationalities live
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Constitution*
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the basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social group that determine the powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people in it
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Radical
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relating to a political group associated with views, practices, and policies of extreme change
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Congress of Vienna
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a conference held by ambassadors of European states to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars
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Klemens von Metternich
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Conservative Austrian foreign minister who was present at the Congress of Vienna; he claimed that the principle of legitimacy guided him
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Vienna
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Capital of the Austrian Empire where the Congress of ______ was held
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Bill of Rights
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A written document guaranteeing civil liberties; an example of this is the American ____ of ______
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Louis-Napoleon
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Nephew of Napoleon who was the first president of the Second Republic
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Militarism
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reliance on military strength
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Plebiscite
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a popular vote
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Abolitionism
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a movement to end slavery
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Charles Darwin
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promoted the idea that humans are material beings who are part of the natural world; he came up with organic evolution
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Agrarian Revolution
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Expansion of farmland, good weather, improved transportation, and new crops
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What were the 5 reason the Industrial Revolution began in Britain?
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1. Agrarian Revolution 2. Increased food Supply 3. Steady Supply of money 4. Natural Resources 5. Supply of markets
