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1. A body of gneiss is subjected to heat and forms a melt. Later the melt cools and crystallizes to form a(n) ________________. a. Metamorphic rock b. Igneous rock c. Sedimentary rock

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b. Igneous Rock

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2. Clay minerals within a buried body of shale are recrystallized at 400°C and high pressure to form mica, producing a rock called phyllite, this is an example of ____________. a. Diagenesis b. Erosion c. Metamorphism d. Weathering

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c. Metamorphism

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3. Metamorphism may be induced by ___________. a. Contact with a hot pluton b. Contact with hot groundwater c. Heat and pressure associated with deep burial d. All of the above

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d. All of the above

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4. Compared to low- grade metamorphic rocks, high- grade rocks __________. a. Always contain more quartz feldspar b. Are produced closer to the surface, high in the stratigraphic column c. Are produced at greater temperatures and pressures d. Are produced at cooler temperatures, but greater pressures

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c. Are produced at greater temperatures and pressures

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5. Regional metamorphism __________. a. Takes place at cool temperatures and low pressure b. Takes place at cool temperatures but high pressure c. Is another name for thermal metamorphism d. Is another name for dynamothermal metamorphism

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b. Takes place at cool temperatures but high pressure

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6. The protolith subjected to metamorphism ____________. a. Is always metamorphic rock to begin with b. Is always igneous rock c. Is always sedimentary rock d. May belong to any of the three primary rock types

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d. May belong to any of the three primary rock types

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7. The blueschist facies is a metamorphic realm of ___________. a. High temperature and pressure b. Low temperature and pressure c. High temperature but relatively low pressure d. High pressure but relatively low temperature

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d. High pressure but relatively low temperature

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8. Within a single mountain range, ____________. a. Only low- grade metamorphic rocks are likely to be found b. Only high- grade metamorphic rocks are likely to be found c. It is possible to find a variety of metamorphic rocks produced in distinct facies, including high, low, and intermediate- grade rocks

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c. It is possible to find a variety of metamorphic rocks produced in distinct facies, including high, low, and intermediate- grade rocks

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9. As compared to the amphibolite metamorphic facies, the greenschist facies ______________. a. Consists of lower- grade rocks b. Consists of higher grade rocks c. Is an identical temperature and pressure regime; greenschists and amphibolites bear different minerals assemblages only because of differences in protolith chemistry

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a. Consists of lower- grade rocks

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10. Thermal (contact) metamorphism occurs ____________. a. In areas surrounding igneous intrusions b. Only where gneiss is in contact with schist c. As consequences of the sinking of a broad region to great depth d. Only at the surface, where rock is in contact with the atmosphere

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b. Only where gneiss is in contact with schist

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11. Which of the following processes cannot occur in the formation of metamorphic rock? a. Realignment of minerals so that they develop a preferred orientation b. Segregation of minerals into layers of different compositions c. Solit- state rearrangement of atoms or ions to create a new assemblage of minerals d. Complete remelting of the rock, followed by solidification to form a new rock

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d. Complete remelting of the rock, followed by solidification to form a new rock

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12. Metamorphism, in broadest terms, involves _______________. a. The settling of crystals within a melt as it cools b. The sorting of grains by size, as is accomplished by rivers and beach waves c. Cementation of loose grains and precipitation of new minerals into pore spaces d. Changes in mineralogy and texture in response to heat and stress

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d. Changes in mineralogy and texture in response to heat and stress

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13. Foliated metamorphic rocks posses ____________. a. Leafy plant fosils (ancient foliage) b. A homeogeneous texture resulting from randomly oriented grains c. A planar fabric consisting of mineral grains in preferred orientations or preferred patterns of association (banding)

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c. A planar fabric consisting of mineral grains in preferred orientations or preferred patterns of association (banding)

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14. Rapid, deep burial of sediments in a subduction zone (Think about the pressure) leads to the formation of a metamorphic rock termed _______________. a. Blueshist b. Greenschist c. Migmatite d. Gneiss

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a. Blueshist

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15. Wegener proposed continental drift after he observed evidence from fossils, glacial deposits, and the fit of the continents that suggested all of the continents were once ______________. a. Aligned north to south along the prime meridian during the late Cenozoic b. Aligned east to west along the equator during the late Mesozoic through the Cenozoic c. Combined to form a supercontinent (he termed Rodinia) in the Proterozoic d. Combined to form a supercontinent (he termed Pangea) in the late Paleozoic through the Mesozoic

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d. Combined to form a supercontinent (he termed Pangea) in the late Paleozoic through the Mesozoic

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Wegener's idea of continental drift was rejected by American geologists because ________. a. He could not conceive of a valid mechanism that would cause continents to shift positions b. He had relatively little evidence supporting the existence of a supercontinent c. The apparent fit of continental coastlines is blurred when the margins are defined by the edges of continental shelves rather than at sea level

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a. He could not conceive of a valid mechanism that would cause shift positions

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17. The magnetic field of Earth in the geologic past is __________. a. Unknown, but it is assumed to have been identical to today's b. Known to have been constant through geologic time, due to remnant magnetization of iron- rich minerals in rocks c. Known to have experienced numerous polarity reversals, due to remnant magnetization of iron- rich minerals in rocks d. Known to have been constant through time, on the basis of theoretical calculations

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a. Unknown, but it is assumed to have been identical to today's

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18. Sea- floor spreading in driven by volcanic activity __________. a. In the middle of abyssal plains b. Along mid- ocean ridges c. At the edges of continental shelves d. Along fracture zones

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b. Along mid- ocean ridges

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19. Distinctive rock sequences on South American terminate at the Atlantic Ocean but reappear on the continent of _________. a. Africa b. Europe c. North America d. Australia

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a. Africa

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20. The apparent polar- wander path obtained from magnetite crystals in basalts on the North American continent is now interpreted to be the result of ___________. a. Wandering of the geomagnetic north pole b. Drifting of the North American continent

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b. Drifting of the North American continent

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21. The oldest sediments on the ocean floor are about __________ years old. a. 50 thousand b. 4 billion c. 180 million d. 140 million

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c. 180 million

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22. At a divergent plate boundary, two opposed plates __________. a. Move toward one another b. Move away from one another c. Slide past one another

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b. Move away from one another

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23. At a convergent plate boundary, two opposed plates ______________. a. Move toward one another b. Move away from one another c. Slide past one another

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a. Move toward one another

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24. At a transform plate boundary, two opposed plates __________. a. Move toward one another b. Move away from one another c. Slide past one another

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c. Slide past one another

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25. Mid- ocean ridges are ___________. a. Convergent plate boundaries b. Divergent plate boundaries c. Transform plate boundaries

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b. Divergent plate boundaries

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26. At a subduction zone, the overriding plate __________. a. Is always composed of continental lithosphere b. Is always composed of oceanic lithosphere c. May be composed of either oceanic or continental lithosphere

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b. Is always composed of oceanic lithosphere

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27. Hawaii is an example of _________. a. Hot- spot volcanism b. mid- ocean ridge volcanism c. a volcanic island arc d. a transform margin

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a. Hot- spot volcanism

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28. Segments of the mid- ocean ridge system are offset. Between the offset segments we observe ______________. a. A second series of ridges, perpendicular to the main set b. Deep- ocean trenches c. Transform faults d. None of the above is correct

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c. Transform faults

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29. When two bodies of continental lithosphere are pushed together at a convergent boundary, the result is _________. a. Subduction b. Collision and mountain formation

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b. Collision and mountain formation

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30. Most of the pushing force that drives plate motion is produced __________. a. At mid- ocean ridges b. At subduction zones c. At collision zones d. In the interiors of continental plates

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a. At mid- ocean ridges

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31. Most of the pulling force that drives plate motion is produced __________. a. At mid- ocean ridges b. At subduction zones c. At collision zones d. In the interiors of continental plates

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b. At subduction zones

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32. The breakdown of exposed rock into small fragments and dissolved ions is termed _______. a. Deposition b. Erosion c. Weathering

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c. Weathering

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33. Lithified detritus (breakdown products of preexisting rocks) forms which kind of sedimentary rock? a. Biochemical b. Chemical c. Clastic d. Organic

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c. Clastic

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34. Compaction and cementation of grains occurs during ___________. a. Erosion b. Lithification c. Transport d. Weathering

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b. Weathering

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35. Which transport medium carries the largest particles? a. Ice b. Water c. Wind

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a. Ice

question

!

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!

question

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answer

!!

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38. The rocks in the Auburn area consist of ___________. a. Green Schist & Blue Schist b. Eclogite & Amphibolite facies c. Amphibolite & Granulite facies

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c. Amphibolite & Granulite facies

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39. Grains become rounded primarily during __________. a. Weathering at outcrop b. Erosion c. Transportation d. Deposition

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c. Transportation

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40. Clastic sedimentary rocks are primarily classified on the basis of __________. a. Grain size b. Degree of sorting c. Angularity d. Mineral composition

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a. Grain size

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41. Compaction and cementation of grains occurs during _____________. a. Erosion b. Lithification c. Transport d. Weathering

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b. Lithification

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42. It is unusual for ____________ to carry grains larger than sand. a. Ice b. Water c. Wind

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c. Wind

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43. The difference between breccia and conglomerate is that conglomerate _____________. a. Is finer- grained than breccia b. Is coarser- grained than breccia c. Possesses more angular grains than breccia d. Possess more rounded grains than breccia

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d. Possess more rounded grains than breccia

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44. Which environment would most likely produce sedimentary deposits characterized by very well- sorted, very well- rounded grains that are nearly pure quartz? a. River b. Glacier c. Beach d. Alluvial fan

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c. Beach

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45. Which environment would most likely produce sedimentary deposits characterized by poorly to moderately sorted, angular to subangular grains that consist of feldspar, quartz, and lithics (rock fragments)? a. River b. Glacier c. Beach d. Alluvial fan

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d. Alluvial fan

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46. The smallest detrital grains are __________. a. Clay b. Gravel c. Sand d. Silt

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a. Clay

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47. The majority of the rocks that occur at the surface of Earth are __________. a. Intrusive igneous rocks b. Extrusive igneous rocks c. Sedimentary rocks d. Metamorphic rocks

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c. Sedimentary rocks

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!!!

answer

!!!

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49. Chemical weathering takes place most rapidly in environments that are _______. a. Cool; dry b. Cool; wet c. Warm; dry d. Warm; wet

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d. Warm; wet

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50. Stratification refers to ____________. a. The development of layering within sedimentary rocks b. The act of depositions of sediment that will ultimately form sedimentary rock c. Physical and chemical alterations, including compaction and cementation, that occur as sediment is transformed into rock

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a. The development of layering within sedimentary rocks

question

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answer

?

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52. If evidence of cross bedding was discovered on a barren planet such as Mars, what could you assume was once occurring on the planet? a. Fluvial action b. Glacial migration and retreat c. High winds d. Movement of water

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d. Movement of water

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answer

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54. A footprint let by a Dinosaur would be considered a ___________. a. Mold b. Cast c. Fossil d. Jello

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c. Fossil

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answer

?!

question

!?

answer

!?

question

57. A worm burrow is an example of? a. Cast b. Mold c. Trace fossil d. Impression

answer

c. Trace fossil

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