Geology Test 2 BLINN – Flashcards
94 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 94question
thick lava (slow) has what speed of viscosity?
answer
high viscosity
Unlock the answer
question
thin lava (fast) has what speed of viscosity?
answer
low viscosity
Unlock the answer
question
three types of eruption styles
answer
1. temp 2. composition 3. dissolved gas
Unlock the answer
question
cold lava = thick hot lava = thin
answer
temperature
Unlock the answer
question
the amount of silica in the lava
answer
composition
Unlock the answer
question
gases escape as pressure decreases
answer
dissolved gasses
Unlock the answer
question
keeps gas in till explosion results in what type of viscosity?
answer
high viscosity magma
Unlock the answer
question
slowly lets gases out
answer
low viscosity magma
Unlock the answer
question
-flows downhill -can predict where it will go -pahoehoe flow -Aa flow
answer
lava flows
Unlock the answer
question
smooth, ropey, braided texture
answer
Pahoehoe flow
Unlock the answer
question
rough, chilled outer shell, red hot center
answer
Aa flow
Unlock the answer
question
-70% water -15% carbon dioxide -5% nitrogen and sulfure
answer
gases
Unlock the answer
question
small fragments of rock ejected EXAMPLES: ash, lapilli, cinders, and lava bombs
answer
pyroclastic materials
Unlock the answer
question
tiny pulverized volcanic glass from the explosion of pumice and obsidian
answer
ash
Unlock the answer
question
walnut size pieces of pumice
answer
lapilli
Unlock the answer
question
pea size pumice
answer
cinders
Unlock the answer
question
large blobs of semi solid lava ejected that cool and solidify as they fall
answer
lava bombs
Unlock the answer
question
five volcano types
answer
-shield -cinder cone -composite cone -pyroclastic flow -Nuee Ardante
Unlock the answer
question
answer
cinder cone volcano
Unlock the answer
question
answer
composite cones
Unlock the answer
question
answer
pyroclastic flow
Unlock the answer
question
glowing cloud example
answer
Nuee Ardante
Unlock the answer
question
process that takes place on earth's surface
answer
earth's external processes
Unlock the answer
question
break down of rocks and minerals at the surface
answer
weathering
Unlock the answer
question
movement of rock and soil down slope do to gravity with no agent of transport.
answer
mass wasting
Unlock the answer
question
movement of rock and soil by agent of transport (ice, water, and wind)
answer
erosion
Unlock the answer
question
the two types of weathering
answer
1. physical 2. chemical
Unlock the answer
question
break down of rocks and soil without chemical change.
answer
physical weathering
Unlock the answer
question
when rocks are moved to an unstable environment that they are unstable in and change to something stable by being broken down through chemical change.
answer
chemical weathering
Unlock the answer
question
four important mechanical weathering processes
answer
1. frost wedging 2. expansion due to unloading 3. thermal expansion 4. biological activity
Unlock the answer
question
when water inters into a pore or crack of a rock then the rock will break whenever the water freezes.
answer
frost wedging
Unlock the answer
question
igneous intrusions from deep under ground EXAMPLE: enchanted rock!!
answer
expansion due to unloading
Unlock the answer
question
when a rock is heated and cooled repeatedly expanding and contracting causes the rock to break.
answer
thermal expansion
Unlock the answer
question
when plants and animals break up rocks
answer
biological activity
Unlock the answer
question
what is the most chemical substance in chemical weathering?
answer
halite (NaCl)
Unlock the answer
question
three major types of chemical weathering
answer
1. dissolution 2. oxidation 3. hydrolysis
Unlock the answer
question
when water has extra hydrogen ions in it, it becomes an acid
answer
dissolution
Unlock the answer
question
iron reacts with oxygen to produce types of iron oxide
answer
oxidation
Unlock the answer
question
when olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, biotite when these oxidize it will produce...
answer
hematite and limonite
Unlock the answer
question
FeS2
answer
oxidation of pyrite
Unlock the answer
question
reaction that takes place between water and a silicate mineral
answer
hydrolysis
Unlock the answer
question
mechanical weathering causes _________ surface area
answer
more
Unlock the answer
question
-provides energy for reactions -more energy or less depend on this
answer
temperature
Unlock the answer
question
climate depends on these two things
answer
1. temperature 2. water
Unlock the answer
question
cold and dry create what speed of weathering
answer
slow weathering
Unlock the answer
question
hot and wet creates what type of weathering?
answer
fast weathering
Unlock the answer
question
forms when the solid earth, the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere interact
answer
soil
Unlock the answer
question
broken rock and minerals
answer
regolith
Unlock the answer
question
a combination of minerals , rocks, organic, material, water, and air
answer
soil
Unlock the answer
question
what is "good" soil made of?
answer
25% air 25% water 45% minerals 5% organic material
Unlock the answer
question
the rock that breaks up to start soil formation
answer
parent material
Unlock the answer
question
two types of soil
answer
1. residual 2. transported
Unlock the answer
question
formed as the rock breaks down
answer
residual
Unlock the answer
question
form on loose broken up rocks
answer
transported soil
Unlock the answer
question
the longer the soil develops the thicker and richer it is, the more __________ increases the amount of organic matter.
answer
time
Unlock the answer
question
temperature and rainfall impact soil development
answer
climate
Unlock the answer
question
sedimentary can be... 3
answer
-eroded -transported -deposited
Unlock the answer
question
all chemical, physical, and biological changes in the sediment after deposition
answer
diagenesis
Unlock the answer
question
process that turns sediment into solid rock
answer
lithification
Unlock the answer
question
compaction is most effective in ______ _______ sediments
answer
fine grained
Unlock the answer
question
minerals precipitate out of solution and fill the space between grains.
answer
cementation
Unlock the answer
question
two main types of sedimentary rocks
answer
-clastic (detrital) -chemical
Unlock the answer
question
made of rock and mineral grains, often cemented together.
answer
clastic (detrital)
Unlock the answer
question
composed of minerals that precipitated out of solution by evaporating or chemical solution
answer
chemical
Unlock the answer
question
two types of chemical sedimentary rocks
answer
-organic -inorganic
Unlock the answer
question
composed in part by minerals that precipitate by animals
answer
organic
Unlock the answer
question
no life involved, formed by chemical reaction
answer
inorganic
Unlock the answer
question
most abundant mineral in clastic rocks
answer
quartz
Unlock the answer
question
classification of detrital sedimentary rocks are based on grain size, which is based on reflection of ________ __________.
answer
current viscosity
Unlock the answer
question
faster water flow more grains carried
answer
current velocity
Unlock the answer
question
fine grained clastic sedimentary rock that is fissile.
answer
shale
Unlock the answer
question
fine grained clastic sedimentary rocks that break into clumps
answer
mudstone
Unlock the answer
question
the range of grain size in the sandstone
answer
sorting
Unlock the answer
question
well sorted and rounded grains have longer _________ __________.
answer
transport distance
Unlock the answer
question
how round the grains are round
answer
rounding
Unlock the answer
question
the type of minerals changes with transport distance
answer
composition
Unlock the answer
question
rock that is transported far enough to be rounded but not sorted
answer
conglomerate
Unlock the answer
question
rock with little to no transport
answer
breccia
Unlock the answer
question
individual called polyps and live in large colonies, and produce large skeletons of calcium carbonate.
answer
coral reefs
Unlock the answer
question
large, wave resistant structure, produced by coral and animals
answer
reef
Unlock the answer
question
composed of the calcium carbonate skeletons of plantic organisms
answer
chalk
Unlock the answer
question
inorganic limestone forms by
answer
chemical reaction
Unlock the answer
question
adds layers as it moves along the sea floor
answer
oolitic limestone
Unlock the answer
question
a mineral that is almost the same as calcite
answer
dolostone
Unlock the answer
question
minerals that form when seawater or saltwater evaporates.
answer
evaporite
Unlock the answer
question
composed of plant material
answer
coal
Unlock the answer
question
loose plant fragments, low carbon, low energy, high moisture.
answer
peat
Unlock the answer
question
composed of plant that has been compacted, high carbon, high energy, low moisture.
answer
lignite
Unlock the answer
question
composed of compressed lignite, high carbon, high energy, low moisture.
answer
bituminous
Unlock the answer
question
composed of metamorphosed bituminous, very high carbon, very very high, no moisture.
answer
anthracite
Unlock the answer
