Geology Ch. 3 Minerals – Flashcards

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Regardless of their size, most rocks are made up of __________. A. synthetic B. grains C. minerals D. magma
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C
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Minerals must be solid, have an orderly atomic structure, have a recognized chemical composition, be naturally occurring, and __________. A. be reproducible in a laboratory setting B. made by organisms C. be generally inorganic in origin D. be a highly valued natural resource found only in igneous rocks
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C
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A scientist creates diamonds using high-pressure laboratory experiments. These diamonds are not considered minerals because which of the following requirements has been violated? A. Minerals must be solid. B. Minerals must have a known chemical composition. C. Minerals must occur naturally. D. Minerals must have an orderly crystalline structure. E. Minerals must be inorganic in origin.
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C.
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Which of the following is a mineral? A. Water B. Plastic C. Ice D. Granite E. Charcoal
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C
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Why glass is not considered a mineral? A. Glass is made by organisms. B. Glass is not naturally occurring. C. Glass is solid. D. Glass has an unknown chemical composition. E. Glass has a disorderly atomic structure.
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E.
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The principal mineral used in making glass is: A. hematite. B. talc. C. quartz. D. copper. E. gold.
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C
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All of the following criteria define a mineral except: A. It is organic. B. It has a well-defined chemical composition. C. It is inorganic. D. It has an orderly internal structure. E. It is naturally occurring.
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A.
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Which of the following substances is a mineral? A. quartz B. granite C. amber D. petroleum E. pearl
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A.
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________ is the study of mineral materials. A. Historical Geology B. Mineralosophy C. Lithology D. Mineralogy
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D.
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Which of the following is not part of the definition of a mineral? A. Naturally occurring B. Organic C. Definite chemical composition D. Orderly crystalline structure
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B.
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Which of the following is a rock composed of nonmineral matter? A. Coal B. Granite C. Limestone D. Basalt
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A.
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A rock can be composed of almost entirely one mineral. True False
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true
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The ______ determines the chemical and physical properties of an atom. A. number of protons B. size of the valence electron shell C. number of electrons D. electrical charge E. size of the nucleus
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A.
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An isotope of Oxygen has 8 protons, 10 neutrons, and 8 electrons. What is the atomic mass of this isotope? 16 26 21 18
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18
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________ are groups of the same kinds of atoms that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical means. A. Electrons B. Minerals C. Elements D. Molecules
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C
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Electrons orbit around the nucleus in defined paths like planets orbit the Sun. True False
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False
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What is an ion? A. An atom that has more or fewer electrons than it should B. An atom that has more or fewer protons than it should C. An atom that has more or fewer neutrons than it should
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A.
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Which is the strongest of the atomic bonds? A. Ionic B. Covalent C. Hybrid D. Metallic
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B.
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The external expression of a mineral's orderly internal arrangement of atoms is referred to as: A. its crystal form. B. its streak. C. its specific gravity. D. its luster. E. its hardness.
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A.
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Which of the following is not one of the three primary ways minerals can form? A. Crystallization of molten material B. Precipitation C. Metamorphism D. Biological Processes
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C.
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A geode contains minerals that form through biological processes. True False
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False
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Which of the following best describes the term cleavage? A. Cleavage is the colored mark that a mineral makes when scratched on a porcelain tile. B. Cleavage is the characteristic growth pattern or shape of a mineral. C. Cleavage describes a mineral's resistance to abrasion. D. Cleavage describes the quality and amount of light reflected from a mineral surface. E. Cleavage is the splitting of minerals along natural planes of weakness.
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E.
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What causes a lack of cleavage in some minerals? A Bonds of differing strength in certain directions B. The shape of the mineral C. A small impurity in the atomic structure D. Bonds of equal strength in all directions E. The chemical composition of the mineral
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D.
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The amount or quality of light that is reflected from a mineral surface is known as __________. A. transparency B. color C. luster D. crystallization E. streak
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C.
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Which of the following best describes the term streak? A. The arrangement of atoms in an orderly, repetitive structure. B. The color of a powdered form of a mineral produced by rubbing it across a hard surface. C. When both light and an image are visible through a mineral sample. D. When no light is transmitted through a mineral sample. E. The amount or quality of light reflected from a mineral surface.
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B
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Hardness describes a mineral's __________. A. strength B. powdered form when rubbed on a streak plate C. quality of reflectivity D. resistance to being scratched E. crystalline structure
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D.
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What is the basic foundation of Moh's hardness scale? A. Crystal hardness is directly proportional to crystal size. B. Hardness is related to the amount of time a mineral takes to precipitate. C. Mineral hardness is comparable to mineral strength. D. If a mineral scratches an object, then the mineral is harder than the object. E. Mineral hardness can be measured in absolute terms.
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D.
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Which identification technique would be best to identify calcite? A. Taste B. Streak C. Effervescence D. Magnetism
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C.
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The addition of ________ influences a mineral's color. A. Trace elements B. Pigment C. Protons D. Water
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A.
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Polymorphs are minerals that will have two identical mineral structures, but different chemical compositions. True False
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False
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Graphite and diamonds are polymorphs because both are made up of carbon atoms. True False
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True
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Only eight elements make up the vast majority of rock-forming minerals. Which of the following elements is not one of the eight? A. Potassium B. Sulfur C. Oxygen D. Iron
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B.
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The ________ are the mineral class that accounts for more than 90% of the Earth's crust. A. Silicates B. Sulfides C. Carbonates D. Sulfates
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A.
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What is the mineral name for table salt? A. Gypsum B. Halite C. Calcite D. Dolomite
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B.
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