Geology 110 exam 3 – Flashcards
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Lesothosaurus
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Early jur. Most primitive ornithischians, small
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Thyreophora
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Armored orn.
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Scutellosaurus
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Thyreophora, early armored dino. Plates along back and tail, heavy but fast; early jur.
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Othnielia
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Early jur.; Orn. ; small, horny beak, chisel like teeth
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Stegosaurus
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Thyreophora; 30-40 ft long; tiny head; back legs twice as long as front; SERIES OF POLYGONAL PLATES ON BACK; cluster of spikes on tail; late jur.
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Early Jurassic Ornithischians
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Lesothosaurus, Scutellosaurus, Othnielia
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Late Jurassic ornithischians
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Stegosaurus
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Dilophosaurus
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Saurischian, theropod; 23 ft;pair of CRESCENT SHAPED CRESTS ON SKULL; early jur.
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Cryolophosaurus
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"Frozen crested lizard" theropod; 22 ft.; one of largest theropod in early jur. BONY CREST ABOVE EYES
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Monolophosaurus
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Saur, theropod; 20ft; THICK KNOBBY CREST ON FRONT OF SKULL- thick/strong at top, thin/hollow on bottom. Only one found. Early jur.
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Eustreptospondylus
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Saur, theropod; 16 ft; 1,000 lbs; beach/ island environment; scavenger, swimmer; mid jur.
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Compsognathus
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Saur, theropod; bipedal carnivore; small size of turkey, ate lizards, HAD FEATHERS; late jur.
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Early Jurassic sauruschians
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Dilophosaurus, Cryolophosaurus, Monolophosaurus
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Mid- Jurassic saurischian
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Eustreptospondylus
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Late Jurassic saurischian
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Compsognathus, ceratosaurus, allosaurus, ornitholestes
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Ceratosaurus
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"Horned lizard" 15-20ft.; carnivore; large jaws, blade teeth, BLADE LIKE HORNS ON SNOUT; hornlets above eyes; bony PLATES ON BACK, short forelimbs
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Allosaurus
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"Different lizard" , theropod; 30-40 ft; only fragments found; MOST ABUNDANT, LARGEST CARN. IN LATE JURASSIC; groups
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Ornitholestes
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"Bird robber" theropod; small head, short neck, forelimbs long, lower hind legs short
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Saurischian SAUROPODS
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First huge species at end of jur. 1 claw on forelimbs, 3 on hind limbs. Vertebrate often hollow to reduce weight; enlargement of spinal cord near hips; env. Rich in vegetation bc 80ft long and 1 ate 1000lbs food/day. Food tormented(didn't chew)
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Gastroliths
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Swallow rocks and pebbles to help grind food
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Apatosaurus
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75 ft, small skull, chisel teeth; originally thought to be aquatic, terrestrial though. ;whip-like tail; late jurassic
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Camarasaurus
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"chambered lizard" ; sauropod; ate coarser food then other saur.; traveled in herds
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Barosaurus
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"heavy lizard"; sauropod; 80 ft; head never dicovered
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Diplodocus
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sauropod; longest all saur.; 100ft; tail long and thin; low grazer; ferns and other ground vegetation; teeth constantly replaced
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Supersaurus
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"super lizard" ; sauropod- dip species; one of largest dinos 100-110ft 40-50 tons; elephant like five toed back feet;
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Brachiosaurus
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sauropod; 5x heavier than diplodocus- 80 tons; sharp chisel teeth; front legs longer than hind legs; one of largest geo ranges; only baro. found in more places
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Archaeopteryx
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"ancient wing" bridges the gap between nonavian and avion dinos; considered oldest known bird; size of raven; carnivore. dino char. -teeth, bony tail, ankle structure. bird char.- wings, flight feathers, wishbone.
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Anchiornis
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"near bird" *branch of bird-like theropods; feathers preserved, could tell what color.
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Jurassic mammals
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small squirrel or rat sized; some could glide like flying squirrel; beaver-like animals;
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Jurassic insects
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huge; beetles wasps; flies; giant fleas (inch long)
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Kayenta Formation
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sandstones and shells from early jurassic: rivers, lakes, ponds. West U.S.- Grand Canyon NP, Zion NP, Canyonlands, Arches, etc. Common theropod tracks in mudstones,aquatic worms and snails; red color in mud made from rusting of iron metals in rock.
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Navajo Sandstone
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sandstones that have been preserved; coastal dune env. canyonlands NP
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Sundance Sea
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sands and slits-jurassic marine fossils deposited in the seaway came from mountains
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Belemnite
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squid like creature- cephalopod
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Morrison Formation
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regression of sundance sea due to nevedan orogeny. 70 species of dino including biggest ever existed; most studied layer; veg. plentiful
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Dino. National Monument
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riverbed deposits; dino. were washed together
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Late Jurrasic
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rifting of pangea(splitting apart) ; sundance sea regressed bc of mountian building; sea level in general continent rise into cretaceous
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Late Jurassic Extinction
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most affected: amononites, bivalves(oysters) ; marine reptiles; sauropods; possible reason for change in sea level
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Plesiosaurs
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long necks, large, four-flippered, marine reptiles, with smaller heads -cryptoclidus -jurassic ocean
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Pliosaurs
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shorter necks, type of plesiosaurs -Liopleurodon -jurassic ocean
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Icthyosaurs
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dolphin-like; not directly relater to plesiosaurs or pliosaurs- triassic oceans
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Pterosaur
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walked on all fours; eggs soft and leathery; had to be burried; ranged from size of sparrow to 40ft wing span; hollow bones. many species had hair
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rhamphorthynchoids
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type of pterosaur; more primitive type; no bony crest on head
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Darwinopterus
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type of pterosur; short tailed; spike like teeth; large head and beak; small body; long tail
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rhamphorhynchus
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3ft wing forward facing; conical teeth; hair; warm blooded; one of last with long tail
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Dimorphodon
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"two-form tooth" wingspan 4ft; large head, long limbs; short wings; good climber
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Anurognathus
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short head,pin like teeth; insectivore
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Pterorhynchus
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"wing snout"; 2.5 ft wingspan; primitive feather like structure
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Pterodactylus
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first pterosaur known to science; long thin skull; 90 narrow conical teeth; crest on skull; straight beak, long tail
