question

Currently, global warming appears to be most strongly affecting the climate and wildlife of_____regions.

answer

POLAR

question

The presence of liquid water on Earth's surface is ____

answer

unique within the solar system; liquid water would not have developed had Earth been much closer or farther from the sun.

question

The factor that affect Earth's long-term climate are different from those that affect climate on shorter time scales t/f

answer

TRUE

question

Which of the following processes removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

answer

photosynthesis

question

All changes within the Earth system are unidirectional and cannot be reversed. t/f

answer

FALSE

question

Due to global warming, the Earth is now warmer than it ever has been in geologic history. t/f

answer

FALSE

question

In the heliocentric model_______

answer

Earth orbits around the Sun

question

Johannes Kepler's contributions to our modern understanding include the finding that_____.

answer

the planets orbit about the Sun in an elliptical, rather than circular path

question

An important contribution made by Copernicus is his (correct) assertion that________.

answer

the Sun was the center of the Earth's orbit

question

As the Universe has evolved, _____

answer

Hydrogen has been lost through fusion to form helium within stars.

question

Which of the following processes RELEASES carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

answer

volcanism

question

With increased amount of information that has been discovered in recent years, scientists have become increasingly certain that___.

answer

Earth's climate is warming and human inputs of atmospheric greenhouse gasses are most likely responsible

question

The velocities of seismic waves traveling from earthquake foci

answer

generally increase with depth, occasionally making abrupt jumps termed seismicvelocity discontinuities.

question

Aside from Earth, the terrestrial planets are______.

answer

Mars, Mercury, and Venus

question

Atoms that are heavier than iron are generally produced by _______.

answer

explosion of supernovas

question

Oort cloud and Kuiper Belt are inhabited by _____.

answer

COMETS

question

Most asteroids inhabit the "asteroid belt" between the planets______.

answer

Mars & Jupiter

question

Which of the following types of global change is not reversible?

answer

evolution of life on Earth

question

A newspaper editorial columnist this week writes a scathing attack on the scientific consensus concerning global warming. His position is that global warming is not occurring, and his supporting evidence is the fact that Sheboygan, Wisconsin had a record low temp ( in 150 years of record keeping) on February 6 last winter. Which statements about the editorial is/are correct?

answer

Both B & C are correct

question

Which of the following processes may be responsible for short-term cooling, yet in the long term favors warm greenhouse climate?

answer

Volcanism

question

During the most of the Mesozoic, Earth was_____.

answer

significantly warmer than at any time within the last few million years.

question

As compared ton the asthenosphere the lithosphere is ______.

answer

cooler and less able to flow

question

A silica-rich igneous rock which has coarse crystals and which makes up much of the continental crust is_________

answer

granite

question

Moving into interior of Earth, temperature____.

answer

and pressure both increase.

question

A fracture in the crust, where rocks slide past one another is termed a _____.

answer

fault

question

The most common minerals within Earth are ____

answer

silicates

question

Of the three primary chemical layers of the Earth (crust mantle core) which is the thickest layer?

answer

core

question

Earth's hydrosphere consists of ______.

answer

surficial freshwater, the oceans, groundwater, and atmospheric water

question

In agreement with the Big Bang Theory, our Universe is_____.

answer

expanding

question

The metal alloy that makes up the core of Earth is ____as compared to the rocky mangle.

answer

denser

question

The stream of charged particles given off by the Sun, which disallowed the accumulation of hydrogen and helium in the terrestrial planet formation is called_____.

answer

solar wind

question

A light year is a unit that measures _______.

answer

distance

question

With increasing altitude, the concentration of gases in our atmosphere_______.

answer

becomes less dense

question

As compared to ultramafic rocks, mafic rocks have a_____.

answer

great proportion of silica

question

The shape of the Earth's magnetic field is approximately that of a ______.

answer

dipole (such as that produced by a bar magnet

question

The thickness of Earth's crust varies from _____.

answer

7-70 km

question

As compared to continental crust, the rocks that make up ocean crust are ______.

answer

denser

question

Most asteroids inhabit the asteroid belt between the planets of _____.

answer

Mars and Jupiter

question

Who first discovered four moons belonging to Jupiter, proving conclusively that some bodies do not orbit around the Earth?

answer

Galileo

question

The lithosphere lies directly above the _____.

answer

asthenossphere

question

Our Sun belongs to a galaxy known as______.

answer

the Milky Way

question

Strong evidence that the Universe is expanding comes from the fact that the light emitted from distant galaxies appears to be ____.

answer

red shifted

question

Differentiation of the core from the mantle early in Earth's history was possible because the planet was____ at the time.

answer

very hot

question

An important contribution made by Copernicus is his (correct) assertion that____.

answer

the Sun was the center of the Earth's orbit

question

Since the initiation of the Big Bang, the temp of the Universe has____.

answer

decreased

question

By far the most common elements in the Universe and in our solar system are ____.

answer

hydrogen and helium

question

Comets are primarily a mixture of____.

answer

ice and dust

question

Hot, liquid rock beneath the surface of the Earth is termed_____.

answer

magma

question

A fracture in the crust, where rocks slide pat one another, is termed a _____.

answer

fault

question

Earth's surface is protected from solar wind and cosmic radiation by_____.

answer

Earth's magnetic field

question

On average, continental crust is approximately_____as oceanic crust.

answer

five times as thick

question

All changes within the Earth system are unidirectional and cannot be reversed t/f

answer

false

question

During most of the Mesozoic, Earth was______.

answer

significantly warmer than at any time within the last few million years

question

With the increased amount of information that has been discovered in recent years, scientists have become increasingly certain that____.

answer

Earth's climate is warming and human inputs of atmospheric greenhouse gasses are most likely responsible

question

The presence of liquid water on Earth's surface is_____.

answer

unique within the solar system; liquid water would not have developed

question

In our current understanding of the Big Bang, _____.

answer

The Universe is considerably older than the Earth

question

From choices below, the best estimate of the age of the Universe is_______ old.

answer

14 billion

question

Not: The larger a planet or moon is, the more likely to_______.

answer

NOT: Lack an atmosphere

question

Not: Erathosthenes was the first person to accurately estimate the size of Earth. He accomplished this fear by_____.

answer

NOT: sailing around the world and estimating his average rate of travel. --- using stadiums (if helps).

question

In the whole Earth, the four most common elements are oxygen, silicon, magnesium, and ______.

answer

Iron.

question

With the increased amount of information that has been discovered in recent years, scientists have become increasingly certain that____.

answer

NOT: Earth's climate is not warming to any significant degree. ----has increase (if helps).

question

Large stars live longer than smaller stars because of a greater supply of hydrogen fuel t/f

answer

False

question

The Big Bang Theory States that____.

answer

all matter in the universe was once confined to a single point

question

Not: Which of the following bodies is the smallest?

answer

NOT: stars --- planets (if helps).

question

Presently, Earth's atmosphere is dominated by which two gases?

answer

nitrogen & oxygen

question

The boundary between the crust and mantle is marked by a seismic-velocity discontinuity called_____.

answer

the Moho

question

The distinction between crust and mantle is primarily on the basis of a difference in_____; the distinction between the lithosphere and asthenosphere is primarily on the basis of a difference in____.

answer

chemistry (mineral content); degree of physical rigidity.

question

The parallax method is useful for measuring the distance between Earth and ______.

answer

----triangulation method, within a few hundred...stars.

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