Geography Intro & Ch1 Europe – Flashcards
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______ is the relationship between the distance on a map and the actual distance represented on the face of the earth.
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scale (map scale)
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More area on a map can be seen when the scale is ________ and more detail can be seen when the scale is _________.
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smaller, larger
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What is the term for the largest physical unit into which the inhabited world is divided.
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geographic realm
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Realms are divided by _________ zones.
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transition
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Where two adjacent geographic realms meet, marked by a gradual shift in the characteristics that distinguish one realm from another.
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transition zones
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What is it when your actual, physical location on the earth measured in degrees, minutes and seconds of latitude and longitude.
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absolute location
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Your position respective to other physical features; many times, it is much more important to us than the other location.
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relative location
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What regions are marked by homogeneity, a sameness or a likeness.
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formal regions
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What regions are formed by a relationship or interaction between the human societies and human environments.
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functional regions
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Homogeneity is or is not at all important in functional regions.
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is not
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The characteristics of all geographical regions are: they have a___, l_______ and b_______.
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area, location, boundary
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This is the process by which a tectonic plate consisting of less heavy rock rides up over a heavier plate. It triggers seismic events, some of which cause calamity and great loss of life.
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subduction
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This is a geologically active area containing volcanoes and prone to earthquakes. It surrounded the Pacific Ocean.
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The Pacific Ring of Fire
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The process of the desert expanding to claim adjacent land, usually caused by the activities of man. This process is usually found where rainfall is less dependable and in the drier portions of the world.
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desertification
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What is the population of the world?
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7.1 billion
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While most of the world's population in Europe is urban; the great majority of people in ____ ______ live in rural areas. It has great cities, but most of the people are rural farmers. (Beijing, Shanghai)**?
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East Asia
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Population clusters: What are often associated with population clusters?
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great rivers
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What is the name of the great river (yellow river) in China?
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The Huang He River
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What is the great river in India?
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The Ganges River
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What is the great river in Pakistan?
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The Indus River
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What is the great river in Egypt?
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The Nile River
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What are the two great rivers in Mesopotamia? (t and e)
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Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
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What is the great river in Germany?
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The Rhine River
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What term, when capitalized, refers to the population corridor in the N.E. United States (Boston to Washington, D.C.)
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Megalopolis
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What term, when not capitalized, refers to a conurbation, a large metropolitan area formed by two or more areas coming together to form a large, sprawling urban area? (Like Los Angeles)
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megalopolis
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A bridge language used in national politics, commerce, and trade is what? The most common in the world is English.
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Lingua Franca
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Word for learned patterns of thought and behavior characteristics of a population or society.
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culture
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Culture affects the _________ environment in which it is located.
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physical
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The core area of a city is often considered the ____ ______ ____.
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Central Business District (CBD)
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The area surrounding the city is referred to as the ________.
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Hinterland
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What is the model for most countries in our world today? This model prevailed after the collapse of colonial government established by European powers.
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The European State Model
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The characteristics of the European State Model are: a p______, a c_____ c_____, a clearly defined t______ and a r________ g______.
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population, capital city, clearly defined territory, representative government
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In world economics, these areas are made up by the location of the rich and powerful countries. Many times, they cluster together geographically.
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core areas
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_________ is a network of free-trade worldwide. Markers of it include the presence of goods and services in all countries, the use of English as an international language, and F___ T_____ A______.
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globalization, Free Trade Agreements.
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Globalization: Anything interfering with free trade, such as p________ and t_____, are not conducive to free trade and globalization.
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protectionism, tariffs
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The _____ ______ is the half of the earth containing most of the land forms of the earth.
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Land Hemisphere
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_______ is the center of the land hemisphere, giving it excellent relative location.
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Europe
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Roughly __ percent of the earth's surface is land; the other __ percent is water.
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30, 70
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The world's largest land mass
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Eurasia
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Eurasia is the home of the ____ ______ population clusters in the world.
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three largest
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This area of Europe is the most densely populated of all other areas. What is it?
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The North European Lowland
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This area of Europe is the richest with respect to deposits of minerals and coal.
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The Central Upland
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Particular people and places concentrating on producing particular goods and products. (lfs)
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local functional specialization
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The emergence of steam power and the age of the machine is known as the what?
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The Industrial Revolution
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The Industrial Revolution began in ______ in the Midlands.
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England
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The Industrial Revolution ushered in mass __________ and an increased need for ____ ________.
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production, raw materials
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These are factors or forces that hold a country together.
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centripetal forces
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These are forces that cause stress and pull a country apart.
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Centrifugal forces
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The three principles of spacial interaction deals with how countries interrelate commercially and economically. The three principles of spacial interaction are c________, i_____ o________ and t___________.
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complementarity, intervening opportunity, transferability.
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Spacial interaction deals with how countries i_______ commercially and e_______.
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interrelate, economically
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A country's leading urban center is the what?
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primate city
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Primate City: It is disproportionately l______ and is especially expressive of n______ f_____. It many times s________ the country.
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large, national feelings, symbolizes
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__________ is joint ventures between countries seeking a common good. It lessens national identity in search of joint success.
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supranationalism
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The ______ ________ in 1944 was the first supranational agreement. It was entered into between the Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg; the agreement sought to foster cooperation between the countries for their mutual benefit.
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Benelux Agreement
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In many countries, certain areas of countries wish to separate and exercise autonomy. This process is referred to as the _______, is a very powerful force.
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devolution
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What three countries wish to withdraw from the United Kingdom?
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Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales
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What four cities (and their countries) are powerful economically and can ignore the home country in its economic activity? (Clue: S, G; M, I; B, S; L, F)
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Stuttgart, Germany; Milan, Italy; Barcelona, Spain; Lyon, France
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With respect to the population, Europe has a negative growth rate. To maintain populations at a productive level, many of these countries depend upon ________. this has been an opportunity for the spread of ______ (religion) throughout this country.
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immigration, Islam (through Muslim immigration)
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Germany is in which part of Europe?
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Western Europe
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The dominate country of Western Europe demographically, economically and physically is _______.
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Germany
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What country would be second largest in Western Europe?
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France
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Germany is larger t_______, has a better r____ s_____, is more i________, is more urbanized and has better h______ than France.
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territorially, river system, industrialized, harbors
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Germany's rich industrial area is called the _____.
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Ruhr
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__________ is the only country in Europe to have coastlines on the Atlantic, the Mediterranean and the North Seas.
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France
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France's coastlines include what bodies of water?
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Atlantic, Mediterranean, North Seas
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The headquarters of the European Union is where?
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Brussels, Belgium
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The only country in Western Europe that is not part of the EU is ________.
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Switzerland
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The biggest p_____ and b______ of the EU in Western Europe is Germany.
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promoter, backer
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What is the most famous river in all of Europe?
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Danube River
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The Danube River flows for hundreds of miles and forms the _______ of several countries.
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boundary
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The Danube River empties into the _____ ___.
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Black Sea
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Norway's climate is cold and its ground is poor. It must depend upon the industry of f_____ to a great extent. However, the discovery of ____ and ____ in the _____ Sea between Norway and ________ Europe has greatly enhanced its economy.
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fishing, gas, oil, North, Western
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What is another name for Northern Europe? The population of the three largest countries all concentrate in the southern part of their national territory.
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Norden
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Northern Europe consists of D______, N______, S______ F______, I________ and E_______.
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Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Estonia
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What is the largest city in Northern Europe and is the capital of Sweden?
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Stockholm
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Scandinavia refers to what three countries?
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Denmark, Norway, Sweden
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What is a protestant country situated in the northern portion of the Island of Ireland?
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Northern Ireland
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What is the capital of Northern Ireland?
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Belfast
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This area of the Netherlands is anchored by three cities: Amsterdam, the Hague, and Rotterdam. This area is known as the R______.
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Randstad
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What is the smallest country in Norden and is located on the Jutland Peninsula?
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Denmark
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Denmark is located on the J_______ P_________.
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Jutland Peninsula
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The capital of Denmark is ________.
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Copenhagen
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Copenhagen serves as an entrepot (trading center or port) to shipping into the _____ ___.
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Baltic Sea
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Copenhagen in Denmark is often referred to as "the _________ __ ___ _____."
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Singapore of the Baltic
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Which country in the Norden is a former socialist republic?
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Estonia
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Even though physically associated with several countries in Eastern Europe, Estonia has more in common with _______ than it does with its neighboring states. That is why it is included in Northern Europe.
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Finland
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___ _______ _______ is separated from Western Europe by the Pyrenees and from North Africa by the Strait of Gibraltar. It consists of two countries: Spain and Portugal.
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The Iberian Peninsula
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The City of _____, Italy, is located in this economic core area. Rome is important and it is the capital of Italy, but Milan holds the ________ power.
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Milan, economic
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What line separates the two parts of Italy between the southern part and the northern part?
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The Ancona Line
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Italy consists of a p_________ northern half anchored by Milan.
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prosperous
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The southern part of Italy is referred to as the M_________ and is much poorer.
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Mezzogiorno
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_______ is an English dependency. Spain wants it back but the citizens of the "Rock" wish to remain with Great Britain. It is a sore subject with the Spaniards.
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Gibraltar
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The Island of _____ was divided between the Turkish and the Greek interests in 1974.
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Cyprus
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The government in Cyprus that is recognized by the world as being legitimate is in the ________ half of the island and is referred to as the "G_____ C_____." This section of the island is also a member of the EU.
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western, Greek Cypriot
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____________ refers to the political "shattering" of an area, the breaking away of areas to form an independent country. The former countries of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia are an example of this process.
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Balkanization
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Yugoslavia no longer exists as a country. The area formerly known as Yugoslavia now contains the countries of S______, C______, B_____, Se____, Mo_______, M_______.
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Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia
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The industrial core of Poland is an area called ______.
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Silesia
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The industrial core of Poland, Silesia, was once part of ________, but was partitioned off of Poland after ______ ___ __ by the Allies.
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Germany, World War II
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When a state seeks to acquire ethnically similar people who are located on the other side of a national boundary, it is called what?
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Irredentism
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The driving force behind colonization is called what? This process focused on amassing territory and precious metals. The idea was to get rich.
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Mercantilism
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Mercantilism: Spreading religion was or was not a key factor in this process?
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was not
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Religion did or did not play an important role on many occasion in mercantilism?
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did
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The United Kingdom refers to the consolidated area under the control of ______.
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London
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The United Kingdom consists of what four countries?
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England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales
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What is the poorest country in Eastern Europe? The majority of its population is Muslim.
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Albania
