Geography Final Questions And Answers – Flashcards

Chernozem or black earth is the world's most fertile soil and abundant on the northern European plain.

The Ural Mountains separate the Northern European and West Siberian plains. Some see these mountains as the dividing line between Europe and Asia. Others consider Europe and Asia to be a single continent, which they call Eurasia.

Europe and Asia to be a single continent, which they call Eurasia.

The Caucasus Mountains stretch across the land that separates the Black and Caspian seas. The mountains form the border between Russia and Transcaucasia-a region that consists of the republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.

Central Asia, a region that includes the republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

a cold region in upper Russia

Continentality is the effect of distance on climate.

South of the tundra lies the largest forest on earth- the taiga.

Surface runoff is the water flow that occurs when the soil is infiltrated to full capacity and excess water from rain, meltwater, or other sources flows over the land.

Trans-Siberian Railroad Links Moscow to the Pacific port of Vladivostok.

The Baltic Republics is made up of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

Czar is a Russian emperor

After bad treatment during WWI the people of Russian revolted. In 1917 the Russian Revolution occurred, which was the end to the czars. The Russian Communist Party led by Lenin took control. In 1922 the Communist Party organized a new nation called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In the late 1940s the Cod War began. In 1991 the communist government and the Soviet Union ended. The people were then divided into 15 independent states. Russia was divided into the Federation Council and the State Duma.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which ruled from 1922 to 1991

The Cold War was the tense relationship between the United States (and its allies) and the Soviet Union (USSR, and its allies) between the end of World War II and the demise of the Soviet Union; i.e. the years 1945 to 1991. This war was unlike other wars in that the two sides never clashed directly in battle.

Command economy is one type of economy in which the central government makes all the important economic decisions.

Collective Farms are large groups of people put on big farms to work together.

The Red Army is what the Soviet army is called.

Supra is a traditional dinner party that is one of the many custom these people are trying to preserve.

The Silk Road is a route to China that traded horses, camels, gold, silver, ivory, jade, wine, speice, amber, linen, porcelain, grapes, perfumes, ostriches, acrobats, silk, ideas technology, and religion. Traffic slowed on the Silk Road in the 14th century.

The Great Game refers to the battle between Great Britain and Russia over central Asia in the 19th century. In the late 19th century Russian won the region.

migrating merchants

Nomads used yurts, which was their tents.

The Caucasus, or Caucasia, is a region that straddles the Caucasus Mountains, which stretch between the Black and Caspian seas. This region experienced many violence and conflicts due to the instability caused the by the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

To the north of the mountains lie republics that are part of Russia- including Chechnya, Dagestan, Ingushetia, and North Ossetia. The people of Caucasus have 50 ethnicities and many languages. Among the republics that remained part of Russia after the collapse of the SOviet Union, Chechnya has experienced the worst of the violence. In response Chechnya's demand for independence, Russia invaded Chechnya twice in the 1990s. They invaded in 1994 and by 1995 controlled two- thirds of the region. They signed a peace agreement in August 1996. Russia invade again in 1999-2001, causing a series of bombings in Moscow.

Conflict has also plagued the region south of Georgia, where Armenia and Azerbaijan fought over a mountainous area of Azerbaijan called Nagorno-Karabakh. The deputy began in the 1920s, the Soviets controlled the conflict until the 1980s. The Armenia won in 1994.

Privatization is the process in which Russia began to sell government-owned businesses to individuals and private companies. This process did not help the economy and caused economic crash in 1998. By the 1990s, 40% of the Russian population lived under the poverty line.

Distance decay is a geographical term which describes the effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions. The distance decay effect states that the interaction between two locales declines as the distance between them increases.