Geography 9th Grade – Flashcards
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Geography
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the study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth (to describe the earth)
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absolute location
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exact place on earth where a geographic feature, such as a city, is found
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Relative location
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describes a place in comparison to other places around it
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hemisphere
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half of globe
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equator
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imaginary line that divides the north and south halves
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prime meridian
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imaginary line dividing the earth east and west (sometimes this line is called the Greenwich meridian because the line runs through Greenwich, England
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latitude
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set of imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator
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longitude
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set of imaginary lines that go around the earth over the poles
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globe
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three-dimentional representation of the earth
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maps
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two-dimensional graphic representations of selected parts of the earth's surface
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cartographer
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mapmaker who decides what type of map to create by considering how the map will be used
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map projection
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way of drawing Earth's surface by presenting a round Earth on flat paper
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topographic map
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representation of natural and man-made features on the earth
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Landsat
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series of satellites that orbit more than 100 miles above Earth
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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GIS stores information about the world in a digital database and has the ability to combine information from a variety of sources and display it in ways that allow the user to visualize the use of space in different ways.
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title
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explains the subject of the map and gives you an idea of what information the map conveys
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compass rose
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shows N S E W directions on a map
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labels
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words or phrases that explain features on the map
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legend
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lists and explains the symbols and use of color on the map
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lines of latitude
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imaginary lines that measure distance north or south of the equator
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lines of longitude
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imaginary lines that measure distance east or west of the prime meridian
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scale
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ratio between a unit of length on the map and a unit of distance on the earth
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symbols
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represent such items as capital cities, economic activities, or natural resources
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colors
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represent a variety of information on a map
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planar projections
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way of showing the curved surface of the earth on a flat map
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conical projections
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projection onto a cone, it distorts landmasses at the edges of the map
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compromise projections
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projection onto a cylinder which shows the entire earth on one map
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Robinson projections
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type of compromise projection, commonly used in textbooks. It shows the entire earth with nearly the true sizes and shapes of hte continents and oceans.
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Physical maps
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help you see the types of landforms and bodies of water found in a specific area. Uses color, shading, or contour lines to indicate elevation or altitude, also called relief
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Political maps
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show features of the earth's surface that humans created - cities, states, provinces, territories, or countries
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Thematic maps
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focus on specific types of information - climate, vegetation, natural resources, population density
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Flow-line maps
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illustrate movement of people, goods, ideas, animals, or even glaciers.
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physical geography - geo data
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the earth is not round but is slightly flattened at the poles
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physical geography - geo data
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the total distance from the highest point on earth, Mt. Everest to the lowest point on earth Mariana Trench is just over 12 miles
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Human Geography - geo data
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the world's population growth in 1999 was an additional 84 million people, or about 230,000 people per day
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How do Geographers view the world?
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in terms of the use of space
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What do Geographers study?
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they study the world by looking at location, place, region, movement, and human environment interaction. The view the world by looking at the use of space on the earth and hte interactions that take place there.
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What tools do Geographers use to study the use of space on earth?
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the most common tool is a map and they also use photographs to gain visual evidence and the five themes of geography
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What are the five themes of geography?
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Location (where is it), place (what is it like?), region (how are places similar or different?), movement (how do people, goods, and ideas move from one location to another, and Human-environment Interaction (how do people relate to the physical world?)
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latitude lines
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parallels
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longitude lines
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meridians
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What hemisphere is the North Pole in?
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Northern Hemisphere
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What hemisphere is the South Pole in?
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Southern Hemisphere
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In which 2 hemispheres is the United States located?
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Northern and Western
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How many degrees of latitude are there?
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90 degrees
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How is the equator different from the prime meridian?
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The equator is the imaginary line that divides the north and south halves and the prime meridian is the imaginary line dividing the earth east and west.
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The geographic question "where is it?" refers to what theme?
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Theme: Location
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The question "what is it like?" refers to what thme?
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Theme: Place
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The question "how are places similar or different? refers to what theme?
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Theme: Region
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How might areas within a city form a functional region?
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Because the city and its suburbs are connected by a great deal of movement back and forth, they form a functional region. They are connected by highways, commuter railroads, subways, adn bus lines to move people from the suburbs to the city.
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The question "How do people, goods, and ideas move from one location to another? refers to what theme?
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Theme: Movement
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linear distance and time distance
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Simply means how far across the earth a person, product or idea travels
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psychological distance
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the way people view distance (the more familiar we are with a place, the closer it appears)
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What is a region?
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an area of the earth's surface with similar characteristics
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What are the 3 types of regions?
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formal, functional, and perceptual
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What are the five themes of geography?
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location, place, region, human-environment interaction, and movement
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How is place different from location?
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Place includes physical characteristics and cultural characteristics of a location while location is simply defined by "Where is it?"
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What is the first step in creating a map?
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Field Survey
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What is a field survey?
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A collection, or sampling, of data from a defined area that describe characteristics about the greater surrounding environment. Surveyors observe, measure and record what they see.
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Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
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system that uses a series of 24 satellites called Navstars, which beam information to the Earth.
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Which theme of geography deals with the way areas are similar or different?
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region (area of earth's surfacewith similar characteristics)
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Examples of biome?
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forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundras
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What is a way of drawing the earth's surface that reduces distortion?
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map projection
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What is the solid rock portion of the earth's surface?
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lithosphere
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what is the name of the earth's surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean?
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continental shelf
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Are geysers caused by tectonic plates grinding past each other?
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False
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What is mechanical weathering?
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the processes that break rock into smaller pieces
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What is the definition of weather?
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the atmosphere at a particular location and time
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Semiarid
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region that receives little rain throughout the year. Summers are hot and winters are cold.
