GEO 100 Exam 1 – Flashcards
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What is the Gulf Stream?
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A stream that runs through Europe from America
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Where does the Gulf Stream come from and where does it go?
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Starts in the Caribbe an ends in Europe goes up eastern US
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How does the Gulf Stream affect European climate?
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Makes Europe's climate warmer than it should be
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How does the Gulf Stream affect European agriculture?
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Creates longer growing seasons
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How does the Gulf Stream affect European population?
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Makes it one of the densest in the world because of agriculture
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What are Europe's three main farming regions?
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Mediterranean, Humid continental, cold
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How have water bodies affected urban location in Europe?
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Cities were often created along rivers made trade and industry easier
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In what ways is Europe's physical geography fragmented by water bodies and mountains?
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Separates or isolates them from other countries
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How does Europe's fragmentation compare to the other two great Old World population centers (India and China)?
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Europe is made up of many small countries instead a couple big ones
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How might Europe's fragmented physical geography have shaped European political borders?
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Countries were cut off
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Where is Europe's major oil producing region?
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The North Sea
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What characteristics separate Eastern and Western Europe?
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West is more populated that Eastern
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Core Area
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Where the population is the most dense
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Where is the "core area" of Europe's population?
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Central Europe
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What is an age structure diagram (population pyramid)?
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Show the ages of a countries population
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How does a age structure diagram (population pyramid) depict age structure?
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Through bars in relation to age
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What does it mean to say a country has an aging population?
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They have more older people than they have younger people
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What is a "baby boom"?
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When a lot of people have kids in response to a historical event
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Why do "baby booms" occur in Europe?
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World War WII
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Which countries have shrinking populations?
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Japan, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Germany, Austria
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How much is Europe's population predicted to shrink by 2050?
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30%-50% in millions
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Where do European immigrants come from?
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Ireland, Germany, France
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How does Europe's immigration relate to aging/shrinking populations?
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Countries with shrinking populations allow more immigrants because they need more people
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What is Europe's major language family?
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Indo-European
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What are Europe's main language sub-families?
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Romance, Slavic, Germanic
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What are examples of languages from each of Europe's sub-families?
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Romance = French & Spanish Slavic = Russian & Polish Germanic = English & German
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What language did modern English come from? What other languages contributed?
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German from Indo-European some Latin influence
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What is linguistic revival?
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Bringing back of dying languages
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What are the three main branches of Christianity in Europe? Where are they located?
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Roman Catholic, Islamic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox
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In what parts of Europe is atheism most common?
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France
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Which region of Europe has the most Muslims?
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Southern
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How do European incomes overall compare to the rest of the world?
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Similar to US and Australia
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Where are the highest and lowest incomes in Europe?
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Highest = Norway, Iceland, Ireland, Denmark, UK Lowest = Poland, Latvia, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine
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Where is Europe's biggest manufacturing/industrial region? Why is this the case?
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Central Europe Most urban and densely populated
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Which region is growing the fastest economically? Why is this the case?
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Eastern European countries They have the most room to grow
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What is the European Union?
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Economic alliance between European countries to support economic growth
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What is the rationale behind the EU?
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Making Europe's economic stronger and to lessen competition
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Who are the EU members?
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Majority of the countries in Europe
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Who is not a member of the EU and doesn't want to be?
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Switzerland & Norway because their economy is fine on its own
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What were the problems associated with adding Eastern European members?
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1989 - Fall of the Berlin Wall, reunification of Germany 1991 - Break up of the USSR
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What is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization?
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization Military alliance formed after World War II, as protection against communist countries
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Who are NATO members?
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Leaders UK AND US
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What was the Warsaw Pact and who led it?
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Leaders = Russia/USSR Alliance of communist countries in response to NATO
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Where are the most separatist movements taking place today?
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Place that want to be separate countries
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What cultural characteristics typify separatist regions?
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Economic differences, Linguistic, Religions, and ethnic differences
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Why did Yugoslavia split up in the civil war?
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1991 - Split up
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Why is the ethnic map so complicated in the Yugoslavia region?
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The Baltic mountains
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What are the UK's parts and their political status?
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Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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How urban in Europe and how does this compare to other world regions?
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72% Urban Lower
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What are Europe's biggest cities?
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London, Moscow, Paris
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How did Europe's biggest cities formerly rank in size compare to other major world cities and what is happening to their ranking?
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Formerly higher Currently sliding down
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What is a "primate city" and what are some geographic factors that cause countries to have them?
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The only big city in a country Why - Country only has one port
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What is Poland's population and is it shrinking?
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38 million yes slowly
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Where in the Northern European Plain within Poland?
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Between Poland, Germany, and Russia
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What are Poland's two main rivers?
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Vistula
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Where are Poland's mountains?
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In the north on the border
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What is Poland's main language and language family?
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Polish - Slavic
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How ethnically unified is Poland and was it this way before WWII?
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Unified today, more ethnically diverse before WWII
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What is Poland's main religion?
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Roman Catholic
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Is Poland a high-income country?
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Yes
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Is Poland growing economically?
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Yes
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Is Poland an EU member?
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Yes
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Where is the most industry located in Poland?
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Southern Part
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Where is agriculture located in Poland?
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All over the country
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How urban is Poland?
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62%
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What is Poland's largest city? Is it a primate city? Why or why not?
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Warsaw Yes
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Have Poland's borders changed much in the last 100 years? Why or why not?
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Yes not distinct physical borders
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Where are the Ural and Caucus Mountains?
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Ural in between Eastern and Western Europe
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Where is the Russian Plain?
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Eastern Russia
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What is Russian climate like?
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Very Cold
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Why does Russia lack good ports?
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Main population center far away from ocean
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Main vegetation in Russia?
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Forest
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Does Russia have extensive oil and gas deposits?
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Has some oil Large natural gas deposits
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How important is Russia's natural gas to Europe?
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Very Europe doesn't have much natural gas
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Where is Russia's population the most dense?
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Western Russia
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How many people live in Russia?
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140 million
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What factors caused Russian death rates to rise and life spans to shorten?
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Rising death rates do to preventable death, alcohol, smoking, accidents, homicide, poor healthcare system
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Russian language and sub-family?
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Russian - Slavic
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Russia's main religion?
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Eastern orthodox
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Where is the main economic and industrial part of Russia?
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Western Russia
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What happened to the Russian economy after the Cold War?
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Went Down
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Is the Russian economy growing today?
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Yes
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What is Russia's largest city?
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Moscow
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How does Uzbekistan's income compare to its neighbors?
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Lower
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What is Uzbekistan's main religion?
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95% muslim
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Are exports important in Uzbekistan?
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Yes good source of income for the country
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What is Uzbekistan's capital?
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Tashkent - primate city
