Genetics Sentence Correction and Matching – Flashcards
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the study of the inheritance of traits
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heredity
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when one gene expresses itself over another (the former gene)/one gene masking another's expression
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dominant/dominance
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your behavior and physical appearance /physical characteristics of an organism
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phenotype
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the genes that you are carrying in your cells/genetic makeup of an organism
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genotype
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the process by which a chromosome makes an identical copy of itself
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replication
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when one gene expresses itself over another (the latter gene)
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recessive
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process of cell division resulting in daughter cells, each containing one half of the normal number of chromosomes
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meiosis
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chromosomes are made of this material
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DNA
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when a chromosome does not make an accurate copy of itself/ an error in the copying of the gene
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mutation
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when a sperm cell fertilizes an egg cell the resulting cell is
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zygote
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the X and Y chromosomes
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sex chromosomes
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chromosomes are comprised of hundreds of these
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genes
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the normal number of chromosomes in a human body cell
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46
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a trait or disorder that is inherited through the sex chromosomes
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sex-linked trait
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example of a sex-linked disorder
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color blindess
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the number of chromosomes carried in each human sperm and egg cell
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23
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a result of a mutation, when an organism cannot produce pigment for skin, hair, or eyes
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albino
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having different alleles for a given trait
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heterozygous
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two or more pairs of genes influencing a trait
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multiple genes
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three or more genes influencing a trait
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multiple alleles
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the exchange of genetic material between two chromosomes
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crossing over
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failure of a chromosome pair to separate during meiosis
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nondisjunction
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a cell having an extra set of chromosomes
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polyploidy
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genes on the same chromosome
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linkage
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homozygous for a given trait
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pure-bred
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in a pair of genes, neither is dominant nor recessive
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blending inheritance
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Father of genetics
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Mendel
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having identical alleles for a trait
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homozygous
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fruit flies used in genetic research
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Drosophila
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used to diagram genetic crosses
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Punnett Square
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different forms of a particular gene
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alleles
