question

Percent of our individual traits that can be credited to our genes.

answer

50

question

Neo-Freudian psychologist who believed childhood tensions were social in nature. Children struggle with an inferiority complex during growth and strive for superiority and power, so birth order is important.

answer

Adler

question

Freud's psychosexual stage, from 18 to 36 months, where the pleasure focus is on bowel and bladder elimination: coping with demands for control

answer

anal

question

Perspective of personality that says an individual's environment shapes his/her personality - so an individual exhibit different personality in different environments

answer

behaviorist

question

Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion.

answer

Big Five factors

question

Giving priority to goals of our group (often our extended family or work group) and defining our identity accordingly.

answer

collectivism

question

In psychoanalytic theory, the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

answer

defense mechanisms

question

In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, redirecting anger toward a safer outlet.

answer

displacement

question

Analyzing the unconscious by interpreting the manifest and latent content of dreams

answer

dream analysis

question

part of the unconscious that functions as the "executive" and mediates the demands of the biological impulses and social restraints.

answer

ego

question

Girl's sexual desire for her father and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival mother.

answer

Electra complex

question

Three conditions Rogers' proposed are crucial for personal growth: 1) unconditional positive regard, 2) genuineness, and 3) ______.

answer

empathy

question

The two dimensions of the Eysenck's personality theory

answer

extraversion and neuroticism

question

A cluster of behavior tendencies that occur together.

answer

factor

question

Statistical approach used to describe and relate personality traits

answer

factor analysis

question

According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflicts were unresolved.

answer

fixation

question

Technique where a person says whatever chain of thought comes to their mind.

answer

free association

question

Father of the psychoanalytic perspective of psychology

answer

Freud

question

Freud's psychosexual stage, after puberty, where the focus is on the maturation of sexual interests.

answer

genital

question

Three conditions Rogers' proposed are crucial for personal growth: 1) unconditional positive regard, 2) ______, and 3) empathy.

answer

genuineness

question

Maslow's pyramid of human needs.

answer

hierarchy of needs

question

Neo-Freudian psychologist who believed that children unconsciously strive for safety and security. When exposed to dysfunction they move toward (compliance), away (aggressive personality) or withdraw. Countered Freud's assumption that women have weak superegos and penis envy.

answer

Horney

question

Perspective of personality that says an individual can shape the personality that has emerged as a result of their environment and childhood, through self actualizing behavior.

answer

humanist

question

part of the unconscious that strives to satisfy biological impulses, operating on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification

answer

id

question

The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parent's values into their developing superegos.

answer

identification

question

Giving priority to our own goals over group goals and defining our identity in terms of personal traits rather than group membership.

answer

individualism

question

Neo-Freudian psychologist who believed in the collective unconscious, a common cultural reference from our species' past (eg innate sense of good and mother figure) and that personalities are on a continuum from introversion to extraversion.

answer

Jung

question

Freud's psychosexual stage, from 6 years to puberty, where sexual feelings are dormant.

answer

latency

question

Underlying meaning of a dream

answer

latent content

question

Overt storyline of a dream

answer

manifest content

question

Humanist psychologist who labeled the self-actualizing person

answer

Maslow

question

Personality inventory that is the most widely researched and clinically used for all personality tests, originally designed to identify emotional disorders.

answer

MMPI

question

Collection of conscious, preconscious and unconscious

answer

model of mind

question

According to Freud, a boy's sexual desire for his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father.

answer

Oedipus complex

question

Freud's psychosexual stage, from 0 to 18 months, where the focus is on the pleasure centers of the moth: sucking, biting and chewing

answer

oral

question

an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.

answer

personality

question

Questionnaires designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors, assessing several traits at once.

answer

personality inventories

question

Controversy posed by trait theorists who argue that behaviors from a situation may be different, but average behavior remains the same.

answer

person-situation

question

Freud's psychosexual stage, from 3 to 6 years, where the pleasure focus is on the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings. Related to development of the superego.

answer

phallic

question

Thoughts and feelings an individual has about themselves that are close to their description of their ideal self.

answer

positive self concept

question

long term memory that is outside of our awareness but is accessible

answer

preconscious

question

In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that leads people to disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others.

answer

projection

question

Personality test that uses an unclear image to reveal the test-taker's unconscious thoughts or feelings.

answer

projective tests

question

A Freud-influenced perspective that sees behavior, thinking and emotions as reflecting unconscious motives.

answer

psychodynamic theory

question

In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions.

answer

rationalization

question

In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism causes the ego to unconsciously switch unacceptable impulses into their opposites. People may express feelings of purity when they may be suffering anxiety from unconscious feelings about sex.

answer

reaction Formation

question

The interacting influences of behavior, internal personal factors and environment.

answer

reciprocal determinism

question

In psychoanalytic theory, the defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to an earlier psychosexual stage of development.

answer

regression

question

Two main criticisms of projective tests

answer

reliability and validity

question

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that Pushing anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings and memories from consciousness and into the unconscious.

answer

repression

question

Humanist psychologist who developed the Person-centered perspective

answer

Rogers

question

Most widely used projective test involving inkblots

answer

Rorschach Test

question

Your image and understanding of who you are, in modern psychology, the idea that this is the center of personality, organizing your thoughts, feelings and actions.

answer

self

question

According to Maslow, the psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill our potential.

answer

self-actualization

question

All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer the question, "Who am I"

answer

self-concept

question

Your feelings of high or low self-worth.

answer

self-esteem

question

Our readiness to perceive ourselves favorably.

answer

self-serving bias

question

According to Maslow, the striving for identity, meaning, and purpose beyond the self.

answer

self-transcendence

question

Perspective of personality theory that Albert Bandura subscribed to, which views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context.

answer

social-cognitive

question

Overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance and blunders.

answer

spotlight effect

question

part of the unconscious that provides standards for judgment (the conscious) and for future aspirations.

answer

superego

question

Projective test involving an individual interpreting a picture.

answer

TAT

question

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a tendency to feel and act in a certain way, as assessed by self-reports on a personality test.

answer

trait

question

Perspective of personality that focuses on durable aspects of an individual's disposition and consistent ways of behaving.

answer

trait perspective

question

Three conditions Rogers' proposed are crucial for personal growth: 1) ______, 2) genuineness, and 3) empathy

answer

unconditional positive regard

question

According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

answer

unconditional positive regard

question

A reservoir of unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories.

answer

unconscious

General Psychology Chapter 11 Personality – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards