Gender – Flashcard Answers
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Sociologically, why is gender especially significant?
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It is a master status cutting across all aspects of life
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Which statement is least accurate regarding sex and gender
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The terms "sex" and "gender" are sociologically and biologically interchangeable
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the term for unequal access to power, prestige and property based on a persons sex is
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gender stratification
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While notion of gender refers to sociological characteristics, the concept of sex refers to ----- characteristics
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Biological
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Which of the following is primary sex characteristics?
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a uterus in women
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What is the normal chromosome configuration in males
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XY
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What is Cynthia Fuchs Epteins basic argument to explain what determines the type of work performed by men and women in each society?
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It is a product of socialization and social control
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Which of the following statements best describe how most sociologist believe behavioral gender differences develop between men and women?
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Gender differences are based on social factors
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Who proposed the concept that women are better prepared biologically for "mothering" than men, which is overlaid in culture?
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Alice Rossi
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Based on the accident that led to the sex change of a seven month old identical twin as well as the Vietnam Veterans study, which statement is MOST accurate regarding the effects of nature and nurture on behavior?
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Human behavior is the result of nature and nurture working together.
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Research appears to support the idea than men who have higher levels of testosterone tend to be more aggressive. What is the alternative explanation to the testosterone thesis to explain aggressive behavior in men?
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the social class to which a man belongs to
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In what society were women and men considered social equals?
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hunting and gathering
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What classification and terminology do sociologist apply to women that describe their inability to gain access to power, property and prestige?
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Minority group
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Why do sociologist classify females as a minority group?
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Women are discriminated against because of their physical characteristics
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What activity did Marvin Harris link to emergence of sex discrimination and men gaining the upper hand?
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warfare and hand to hand combat
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What stage of history did Fedrick Engels propose as being responsible for the rise of patriarchy?
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the development of private property
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George Murdock discovered that only a jobs were constantly male dominated in his study of 324 societies around the world. He considered all of the following as male dominated jobs except:
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taking a care of cattle
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In his study of sex typing and work ----- was the one occupation considered to be "mens work" in all societies examined by George Murdock
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metal working
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What conclusion did George Murdock make following his studies of 324 societies?
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every society associates certain activities with one sex or another
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Feliz tends goats in Peru, while his wife, Maria, takes care of the family crops. John is a nurse in France and his wife, Sonia, is a midwife. Based on cross-cultural studies, whose work would be given more prestige in their respective societies.
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Feliz and Johns
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What is the practice of suttee?
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Burning the living widow with the body of her dead husband
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In Pakistan, Jordan, and Kurdistan, a woman who has brought disgrace to her family is killed by a male relative, usually her brother or husband. The practice is called -----
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honor killing
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What is the philosophy that biology is not destiny, especially with regard to justifying gender stratification?
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Feminism
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What act did members of the National Womens Party engage in to gain right to vote in 1917?
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They picketed the White House
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The first wave of women's movement had a radical branch and a conservative branch. What was the goal of the radical branch of the movement?
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Reforming all the institutions of society
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Which wave of feminism was characterized by broad goals ranging from an increase in women's pay to an anti violence campaign?
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the second wave
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Which wave of the women's movement focused on the problem of women in the least industrialized nations?
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the third wave
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What sport did anthropologist Douglas Foley and sociologist Donna Eder examine to illustrate the devaluation of females as a method of motivating men?
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Football
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The majority of students graduating with a degree in library science are women. Research has shown that this sex tyou=ing of majors is primarily due to
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Gender socilization
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The fact that 80% of engineering degrees are awarded to men while nearly 90% of library science degrees are awarded to women illustrates the phenomenon of -----
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gender tracking
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In which profession have women made the greatest change in earning professional degrees compared to the number of degrees conferred to men?
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Dentistry
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Of the following choices, the doctorate conferred with the greatest percentage of women recipients is ------, while the doctorate with the greatest percentage to men is -----
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psychology, engineering
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------ was the first to propose that we might need affirmative action for men.
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Judith Kleinfield
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In 1890, the ratio of women in the work force was -----. Today, the ratio of women in the workforce is almost ------
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1:5, 1:2
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When many students graduate from college, they are able to earn an extra $1,356 a month between the ages of 25 and 65. These students manage to earn this bonus by -----
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being born male
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Based on the same levels of academic achievement, where does the greatest pay gap exist between men and women over their lifetime?
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among college graduates
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What is the term for gender discrimination against women who miss the work experience while they care for children at home?
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The child penalty
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Joan and Jim were both hired to do the same work at the Acne Tool Company, although Jims title is slightly different from Joans. Jim has received a higher salary. What is this kind of employment discrimination called?
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The testosterone bonus
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Marketing, Sales, and production positions are considered ----- that lead (s) to the top of a company
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Pipelines
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Of the nations top 500 corporations, referred to as fortune 500's ------, are headed by women?
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Twelve 12
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Agatha has worked for ten years in the PR department of a large firm. She has been promoted o several higher paying managerial positions, but never to an executive position, her lack of promotion most likely illustrates?
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The glass ceiling
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What term describes an invisible barrier that keeps women from advancing to top levels of a corporation?
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The glass ceiling
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By the 1970's, women began to perceive unwanted sexual advances at work and school as part of a ----- problem?
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structural
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Which of the following statements best describes how feminist view sexual harassment?
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It is based on a structural problems imbedded in society
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Even when women break through the crackling glass ceiling, they still confront gender ------- that portray them in a less favorable light than men.
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sterotypes
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What has the supreme court ruled regarding the treatment of homosexuals in the workplace and sexual harassment?
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Sexual harassment laws apply to homosexuals who are harassed by heterosexuals or other homosexuals
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Sexual harassment was not recognized as being a social problem until the 1970's
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1970's
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Both the FBI and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) collect data on the incidence of rape. Which statement best summarizes the relationship between the results obtained by the FBI compared to those obtained by the NCVS?
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The NCVS data suggest that the incidence of rape is about 40% higher than that reported by the FBI.
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Which group of men do women fear the most as potential rapist?
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strangers
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The age ranges of women likely to be a victim of rape?
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16-19
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Why do most acquaintance rapes go unreported to authorities?
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The victim feels partially responsible because she knows the perpetrator.
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Which statement best summarizes the relationship between killers and their victims?
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Men outnumber women as both victims and killers
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What are two careers most associated with being successful in politics, both of which are underrepresented by women?
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Law and business
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In politics, what distinction does Carol Moseley-Braun hold?
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She was the first African American woman elected to the US Senate
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Of the following, which political office is most represented by women in the united states based on the percentage of the total officeholders?
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state Lieutenant Governor
