GBio-4.1 Study Guide- Chemical Energy and ATP – Flashcards
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What do all cells use for energy?
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Adenoside triphosphate (ATP)_
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What is ATP?
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A molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes
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What is ADP?
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adenosine diphosphate; molecule that ATP becomes when it gives up one of its three phosphate groups; low energy like an uncharged battery.
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What is the relationship between ATP and ADP?
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ATP is a high energy molecule that is converted into lower-energy ADP when a phosphate group is removed and energy is released. ADP is converted back into ATP by addition of a phosphate group
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The carbon-based molecules that are broken down to make ATP
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1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins
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Carbohydrates' role in ATP Production
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molecules most commonly broken down; glucose yields about 36 ATP; 4 calories per mg (4 Calories per gram)
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Lipid's role in ATP Production
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store most of the energy in a person's body; triglyceride yields about 146 ATP; 9 calories per mg (9 Calories per gram)
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Proteins' role in ATP Production
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least likely to be broken down; store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates; 4 calories per mg (4 Calories per gram)
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What is chemosynthesis?
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A process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy- storing carbon-based molecules
