fungi – Flashcard
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1. Which of the following describes a parasitic relationship? c
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a. both organisms benefit b. one organisms benefits, the other is unaffected c. one organism benefits, the other is harmed
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Why are parasitic diseases becoming more prevalent in the US? (2 reasons)
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1. open borders 2. more immunocompromised people
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1. Identify as a characteristic of a fungus or a bacterium.
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...
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eukaryotic
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fungus
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prokaryotic
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bacteria
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nonmotile
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fungus
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motile
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bacteria
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prefer more acidic conditions
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fungus
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can tolerate lower moisture
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fungus
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can higher higher temperature
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bacteria
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heterotrophic(can't make their own sugars)
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fungus
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heterotrophic and autotrophic
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bacteria
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produce antibiotics
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fungus and bacteria
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cells composed of chitin/cellulose
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fungus
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cell walls composed of peptidoglycan
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bacteria
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produce spores
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fungus
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produce endospores
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bacteria
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can be unicellular or multicellular
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fungus
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unicellular only
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bacteria
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include yeasts and molds
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fungus
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larger cell size
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fungus
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2. Fungi are called _____ as they obtain nutrients by decomposing dead and decaying matter.
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saprophytic
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3. A fungal disease is called a ______.
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mycosis
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4. A disease caused by fungal toxins is called a ______.
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mycotoxicosis
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5. The study of fungi is called ______.
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mycology
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6. Yeast reproduce asexually by ______.
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budding
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7. Id. The following types of spores as asexual or sexual
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a. basidiospores
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sexual
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b. sporangiospores
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asexual
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c. ascospores
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sexual
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d. conidiospores
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asexual
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e. zygospores
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sexual
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8. What is the difference between a yeast and a mold?
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single celled vs. multicellular
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9. Name 2 genera of fungi that produce antibiotics
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Penicillium & Cephalosporium
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10. A single tube-like filament of a mold is called a ____. A mass of these filaments is called a ____.
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hyphae; mycelium
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11. Asexual spores are the product of a type of cell division called ____.
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mitosis
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12. Fungi that switch between yeast and mold forms are called____. What can cause them to switch? What is the problem (for us) when a mold switches to a yeast in our body?
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dimorphic; Increase in temp., increase in nutrient concentration, decrease in oxygen concentration Single-celled yeasts can spread quickly all over the body through the bloodstream.
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13. Give an example of a species in the group Zygomycota. (hint: black bread mold).
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Rhizopus nigricans
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14. Name the sexual and asexual spores produced by Zygomycota.
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Sexual: zygospores Asexual: sporangiospores
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15. Fungi in the group Zygomycota are called the ______ fungi.
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conjugation
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16. What disease is produced by black bread mold?
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Usually none; in immunocompromised by cause pneumonia
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17. The group Ascomycota are called the ___ fungi.
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sac
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18. Name the sexual and asexual spores produced by Ascomycota.
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Sexual: ascospores Asexual: conidiospores
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19. What yeast species is used to make bread and beer? This yeast is commonly called What type of carbohydrate metabolism is typical of this yeast?
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae bakers yeast alcoholic fermentation
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20. What 2 genera cause ringworm?
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Trichophyton & Microsporum
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a. athlete's foot
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tinea pedis
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b. ringworm of the head
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tinea capitis
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c. ringworm of the body
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tinea corporis
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d. jock itch
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tinea cruris
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e. ringworm of the nail beds
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tinea unguium
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22. What kind of organism causes ringworm?
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fungus
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23. What member of Ascomycota has a name that means "brush and is used to produce antibiotics and cheese?
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Penicillium
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24. What mycosis is caused by Aspergillus? How is it transmitted?
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Aspergillosis or Farmer's lung inhaled
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25. Give an example of a genus in Ascomycota that causes a mycotoxicosis. What is the name of its carcinogenic toxin?
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Aspergillus - aflatoxin
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26. Histoplasma capsulatum causes the endemic disease ___________. How is it transmitted? In what part of the US is this disease endemic?
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histoplsmosis or Mississippi Valley Fever Bird droppings or bat guano Mississippi Valley
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27. What fungus is a member of Ascomycota and is an opportunistic member of our natural flora? What kids of diseases are caused by this organism?
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Candida albicans Vaginal yeast infections, Thrush, diaper rash, Intestinal yeast infections
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28. Oral candidiasis is commonly called
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Thrush
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29. What species of Ascomycota thrives in the dry, alkaline soils of the southwest. What is the name of the disease it causes?
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Coccidioides immitis Coccidiomycosis
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30. What species of Asmomycota is described as having a "crushed ping pong ball appearance." (there's been some debate about whether it's a protistan or a fungus) What is the name of the disease it causes? Where is this organism normally found?
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Pneumocystis carinii PCP - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Respiratory tract normal flora
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31. What organism has the common name "rye mold"? Claviceps purpurea This mold produces what toxin? Does this mold cause a mycosis or a mycotoxicosis? Historically, this toxin has been linked to what even in the late 1600's?
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Claviceps purpurea ergot mycotoxicosis Salem Witch Hunt/Trials
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32. What species of Ascomycota is commonly called "stachy"? Does this mold cause a mycosis or a mycotoxicosis?
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Stachybotrys chartarum mycotoxicosis
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33. The group Basidiomycota are called the _____ fungi.
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club
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34. Name the sexual and asexual spores produced by Basidiomycota.
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Sexual: basidiospores Asexual: conidiospores
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35. Mushrooms belong to what group?
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Basidiomycota
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36. Give an example of a mushroom that causes a mycotoxicosis. Describe the appearance of this mushroom Why are these mushrooms ingested?
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Amanita muscaria Red cap dotted with white Hallucinogenic properties
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37. What genus in Basidiomycota causes a fatal meningitis in immunocompromised patients? How is it transmitted?
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Cryptococcus Inhalation of dust contaminated with bird droppings
