question

Which element of human communication is represented in the guiding principle: Adapt to the communication circumstances and setting.

answer

Context

question

The textbook defines communication as the process of using verbal and nonverbal messages to generate meaning within and across various contexts, cultures, and channels. Which term in this definition refers to where, when, with whom, and under what circumstances you communicate?

answer

Context

question

According to your textbook, you listen to the equivalent of a book a day, you speak about a book a week, you read the equivalent of a book a month, and you write a book

answer

Every year

question

A study by the Business-Higher Education Forum listed strong___________ as the most important skill area for college students preparing for a career.

answer

Oral Communication Skills

question

You generate meaning when you

answer

Speak; write; create visual images; listen, read, react to messages. All of the above.

question

Your textbook presents seven basic elements of human communication. The first elements on that list is

answer

Self

question

The Guiding Principles of Human Communication

answer

focus on strategies that describe how to communicate and why certain communication strategies succeed or fail.

question

Which element of human communication is expressed in the axiom "Communication is symbolic"?

answer

Content

question

Josh realizes that his presentation to a group of young men at a juvenile detention center will be difficult. He decides that they are more likely to take his advice if he shares past experiences from his own juvenile run-ins with the law. What element of communication has Josh taken into account as he prepares his talk?

answer

Others

question

What axiom does the Guiding Principle "Organize message content" address?

answer

Communication is structured.

question

Sidney tells his wife his attempt to repair the lamp he broke has failed and that it will have to be trashed. His wife says "thanks a lot." Sid knows that his wife is not pleased. Which communication axiom is illustrated in this scene?

answer

Communication is symbolic.

question

The communication element expression asks

answer

Which channels are most appropriate given your purpose and content? What skills will improve your ability to deliver your message? How effectively do you convey and listen to verbal and nonverbal messages? How can practice help you prepare to communicate effectively? All of the above.

question

Kentry knows that he is respected and trusted by his friends. Thus, he feels confident that he can get them to change their mind about going downtown after midnight. What is the primary communication element operating in this scenario?

answer

Self

question

The question "What do you want others to know, think, believe, or feel as a result of communicating with them" is answered by addressing the communication element of

answer

Purpose

question

The psychosocial context of communication includes

answer

The cultural environment in which you live.

question

The logistical context of communication refers to

answer

the time, place, setting, and occasion in which you will interact with others.

question

According to your textbook, _____________ communication refers to the interaction of three or more interdependent people who interact for the purpose of achieving a common goal.

answer

Group

question

You are driving down the highway and want to stop for a bite of lunch. On the horizon you see golden arches and a sign that reads "McDonalds." You are reacting to the axiom that communication is

answer

Symbolic

question

Linear models of communication

answer

function in only one direction: a source creates a message and sends it through a channel to reach a receiver

question

Fred wants to let his girlfriend Wilma know how much he loves her but he can't decide whether he should send her flower, take her to dinner, or send her a love letter. Fred is wrestling with a decision about

answer

Channel

question

A corporate CEO relates that when he fumbled his way through a speech and started to ramble, he noticed that he was losing listeners and then became even more unnerved. The CEO was reacting to

answer

Feedback

question

Randy watches the Super Bowl game with his friends at a neighborhood party. Lucky Levar has tickets and goes to the game. When they see each other the next day, Randy complains that it was "no contest" while Levar thinks the game was thrilling. What is the most likely communication-related reason Randy and Levar experienced the game differently?

answer

They received the game through different channels

question

If you are thinking about your upcoming vacation plans rather than listening carefully to your friend's problem, you are preoccupied by

answer

Internal noise

question

The encoding process can be described as

answer

the decision-making process by which you create messages that generate meaning

question

As you are making a presentation you notice that audience members are scowling and talking to one another as you speak. What component of the communication process are you noticing?

answer

Feedback

question

Statements that explain or predict how people communicate are

answer

Theories

question

In Latin, the word credo means

answer

I believe

question

Theories answer why; strategies answer what; skills answer how; and ethics answers ______________ questions.

answer

Whether

question

Aristotle's "doctrine of the mean" suggests that when you face an ethical decision, you should

answer

select an appropriate response somewhere between two extremes

question

In applying the seven elements of human communication to the NCA Ethics Credo, what actions would be called for when considering the ethics of content?

answer

Use valid information and opinions to support your ideas. Respect privacy and confidentiality

question

Which principle in the NCA Credo for Ethical Communication is violated if a close friend shares your most intimate secrets with people you don't know or like.

answer

We advocate sharing information, opinions, and feelings when facing significant choices while also respecting privacy and confidentiality

question

In the textbook's definition of communication, the term contexts refers to the predominant characteristics, attitudes, and behavior of the communicators.

answer

False

question

Intellectual communication refers to how you analyze and appropriately respond to pubic and mediated messages

answer

False

question

Intellectual communication refers to how you analyze and evaluate the meaning of multiple and complex messages in an ever-changing world.

answer

True

question

Axioms are self-evident or universally recognized truths or beliefs.

answer

True

question

The axiom "Communication is Intentional" is represented by the basic element of Self.

answer

False

question

The axiom "Communication is Relational" is represented by the basic element of Others.

answer

True

question

Guiding principles answer questions about how to communicate and why certain communication strategies succeed or fail.

answer

True

question

When you're not fully conscious of your intentions, your communication does not generate any meaning to others.

answer

False

question

A process is a set of constantly changing actions, elements, and functions that bring about a result.

answer

True

question

Given the textbook's definition of culture, a rancher from Texas and a microbiologist from Massachusetts can come from different cultures

answer

True

question

Intrapersonal communication refers to the way in which you communicate within your self about your self to your self.

answer

True

question

According to the textbook, there are three types of communication contexts to consider: psychological, structural, and temporal.

answer

False

question

Mediated communication refers to any communication in which some "thing" exists between communicators. Mass communication is mediated communication between a person and a large, often unknown audience.

answer

True

question

Generally, there are two sources of noise: external and internal.

answer

True

question

Encoding is the decision making process by which you create messages that evoke meaning.

answer

True

question

A soft speaking voice can create noise in a communication transaction.

answer

True

question

Decoding is the decision-making process by which you create and send messages that generate meaning.

answer

False

question

Transactional communication models recognize that we send and receive messages simultaneously.

answer

True

question

Stephen R. Covey, author of The Seven Habits of Effective People, states that a genuine habit requires knowledge, skills, and desire

answer

True

question

The ethical guiding principles recommends promoting a climate of caring and mutual understanding the element of context in human communication.

answer

False

question

Which of the seven elements and guiding principles of human communication reflects your ability to develop messages that communicate confidence and a positive personal impression?

answer

Content

question

Three major components of intrapersonal communication include

answer

Perception, self-concept, and confidence

question

Which answer best explains why Valerie liked the film The DaVinci Code while Vincent disliked it?

answer

Valerie and Vincent have different perceptions.

question

If Emma daydreams while her instructor is lecturing, what stage has she skipped in the three-step perceptual process?

answer

Selection

question

Which of the following answers best represents a significant factor that influences your interpretation of people or events?

answer

Past experience, knowledge, expectations and attitudes, relational involvement.

question

As a member of the varsity team, Deidre believes she's a better soccer player than anyone on the intramural teams. What factor has influenced Deidre's belief about her self?

answer

Reference groups.

question

While waiting to buy movie tickets, Brent sees three friends leaving the theatre. They are laughing hysterically. Brent assumes that the film must be very funny. What organizational principle of perception is Brent using?

answer

Simplicity Principle

question

The answer to all of the following questions can help you avoid self-fulfilling prophecies EXCEPT

answer

Why can't I compete with others who do the predicted behavior?

question

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Test identifies beliefs that affect how you see yourself. Which of the following statements would indicate a low self-esteem?

answer

I sometimes feel useless.

question

Which of the following items describes someone who is a high self-monitor? She or he

answer

can change behavior to suit different people and situations.

question

If you are willing to stand up for yourself in appropriate ways to fulfill your needs, you are practicing

answer

Self-assertiveness

question

If you identify short-term and long-term goals and develop an action plan to achieve them, you are practicing

answer

Purposeful-living

question

Shad Helmstetter writes that "if the strongest messages we receive about ourselves from the outside world are stored and acted on as though they're true, then we should be doubly careful what kind of messages we give ourselves." One way of listening to such messages is to practice

answer

Self Talk

question

When you go beyond thinking about what you ought to or should do and actually do "the right thing," you will feel more self-assured because you are practicing

answer

Personal Integrity

question

All of the following steps can help you apply the Golden Rule EXCEPT:

answer

Do unto others what you believe they deserve.

question

The fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons is referred to as

answer

Communication Apprehension

question

Highly apprehensive people

answer

may communicate very effectively

question

What percent of the general population experiences very high levels of communication apprehension?

answer

20%

question

Which of the following descriptions is likely to be true of a person experiencing a high level of communication apprehension?

answer

Apprehensive people are perceived as less confident and assertive than others.

question

When using systematic desensitization as a method of reducing communication apprehension, you begin by trying to relax while visualizing a nonthreatening communicative act. Which of the following situations would be a good choice for your initial visualization?

answer

You are having a casual conversation with a coworker before a meeting.

question

A friend of yours experiences very high levels of communication apprehension. You know this is true because you hear her say things like "I know I'll bomb on the oral report" or "I can't stand up for myself when I talk to Jim or Barbara." Which of the following strategies would you recommend to help your friend reduce her communication apprehension?

answer

Cognitive Restructuring

question

Carlos is about to make an important presentation. He admits he is very nervous and hopes that he remembers to avoid saying "and uh" or "um" as he speaks. Which of the following fears probably underlies his communication apprehension?

answer

Fear of breaking the rules

question

Which answer is the best example of a positive self-talk replacement for the negative self-talk statement "I think I'm going to fail this test."

answer

I understand the concept of self-talk and should be able to figure out the right answers

question

Intrapersonal communication refers to communication within yourself about yourself to yourself.

answer

True

question

In terms of the seven elements and guiding principles of human communication, your perceptions of structure affect how you use your voice and physical behavior to enhance your confidence and personal image.

answer

False

question

Optical illusions illustrate the figure-ground principle of perception.

answer

True

question

Your self-concept reflects cultural categories such as age nationality, race, religion, and gender (as in "I am an 18-year old male Muslim"), rather than personality, characteristics and traits.

answer

False

question

Daniel Goleman, author of Emotional Intelligence, identifies self-awareness as the keystone of emotional intelligence.

answer

True

question

If you dye a ripe strawberry blue, it's likely to smell strange too.

answer

True

question

Violent people often act the way they do because they suffer from unearned low self-esteem.

answer

False

question

Communication apprehension occurs only in public speaking situations.

answer

False

question

Communication apprehension has significant effects on the amount of talk, the content of communication, and the resulting perceptions of other people.

answer

True

question

According to researchers, many North Americans fear public speaking more than they fear death.

answer

True

question

There is nothing you can do to help someone who suffers from high levels of communication apprehension.

answer

False

question

A person's level of communication apprehension is similar in all contexts.

answer

False

question

As a result of talking less, apprehensive speakers are often viewed as less confident, less assertive, and less responsible.

answer

True

question

You may be able to reduce your level of communication apprehension by paying careful attention to the positive feedback you see from others—a nod, a smile, an alert look.

answer

True

question

You may be able to reduce your level of communication apprehension by concentrating on yourself—how you sound and look—rather than on your message.

answer

False

question

Self-appraisals are evaluations of your self-concept in terms of your abilities and behaviors.

answer

True

question

Which element of human communication is represented in the guiding principle: Combine cultural knowledge with mindful observations to set your communicative goal?

answer

Purpose

question

During the 1990s, ______________ were the fastest growing racial/ethnic group.

answer

Hispanic/Latino Americans

question

Which of the following groups would be considered a co-culture?

answer

American Indian Tribes Hispanic/Latino Americans Irish Americans Arab Americans

question

According to your textbook, people who believe that their culture is better than other cultures or that their culture should be the role model for other cultures would be classified as

answer

Ethnocentric

question

If you have biased beliefs about a group of people that are not based on direct experience and firsthand knowledge or have irrational feelings of dislike for certain groups, you would be classified as

answer

Prejudiced

question

In a collectivist culture

answer

there is greater readiness to cooperate with others.

question

Collectivist cultures place greater value on

answer

Collaboration and cooperation

question

In low power distance cultures

answer

people believe that all people are created equal

question

Cultures with high uncertainty avoidance

answer

believe that, "What is different, is dangerous."

question

In high context cultures messages are

answer

Implicit

question

In cultures with high uncertainty avoidance, people

answer

Want predictability and clear rules of behavior

question

There are more monochronic cultures in

answer

Northern Europe and North America

question

There are more collectivist cultures in

answer

Central and South America

question

In masculine societies,

answer

-men are supposed to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success, whereas women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life. -men are supposed to focus on material success. -women are supposed to be modest and tender. -women are supposed to be more concerned with the quality of life.

question

Which of the following cultural dimensions is ranked very high in the United States?

answer

Individualism

question

According to Hofstede, the people of Malaysia, Guatemala, the Philippines, and Mexico live in a(n) ________________ culture.

answer

High power distance

question

People who share beliefs such as "It is the duck that squawks that gets shot," or "Seeing is better than hearing," would be characterized as members of a _______________ culture.

answer

High context

question

According to Hofstede's dimensions of culture, the United States can be classified as a ________________ nation.

answer

individualistic, low power distance, masculine, low uncertainty avoidance

question

According to Hofstede's dimensions of culture, which country is ranked #1 in terms of masculine values?

answer

Japan

question

High uncertainty avoidance is characterized by beliefs that

answer

deviant ideas and behavior should be suppressed

question

Which cultural dimension would be characterized by the following components: (1) Subordinates should be consulted; (2) Privileges and status symbols are frowned upon, (3) Parents treat their children as equals, and (4) Teachers expect students to express their opinions in class?

answer

Low Power Distance

question

Which of the following statements would be made by someone from a low context culture?

answer

I like to be accurate, clear, and direct when I talk to others

question

A study of college students found that, even in the mid-1990s, African Americans were described as lazy and loud, and Jews were described as shrewd and intelligent. These beliefs are examples of

answer

Stereotyping

question

Numerous studies searching for scientific proof of biological differences among racial groups have reached the following conclusion:

answer

99.9 percent of DNA sequences are common to all humans.

question

Which of the following religions is the oldest?

answer

Judaism

question

Two concepts covered in Chapter 2, Understanding Self, can help you promote mindfulness. They are:

answer

Perception checking and self talk

question

Which of the following answers describes an Asian way of thinking (rather than a Western way of thinking)?

answer

Allows for logical contradictions

question

Howard Giles' Communication Accommodation Theory

answer

claims that when another group is attractive and powerful, we adapt our communication to their speech behavior and norms.

question

More than 50 percent of the people living in California are nonwhite.

answer

True

question

Geneticists have discovered that different races can be identified by their chromosomes.

answer

False

question

All humans belong to the same species, homo sapiens, which had its origins in Africa.

answer

True

question

In the United States, whiteness is a culture.

answer

True

question

A culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms which affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people.

answer

True

question

Most of the world's population lives in collectivist cultures.

answer

True

question

American Indian tribes, African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, Asian Americans, Arab Americans, Irish Americans, and members of large and small religious groups are all examples of co-cultures.

answer

True

question

People in polychronic cultures adhere to plans, schedules, and deadlines because time is valuable.

answer

False

question

To someone from a collectivist culture, a U.S. communicator's style and behavior may be viewed as selfish, arrogant, antagonistic, power-hungry, ruthless, and impatient.

answer

True

question

In collectivist cultures, there is greater readiness to cooperate with group members.

answer

True

question

Members of low uncertainty avoidance cultures tend to live day to day. They see conflict and competition as natural and dissent as acceptable behavior.

answer

True

question

Members of high-context culture tend to speak more, speak louder, and speak more rapidly than people from low-context cultures.

answer

False

question

Islam is a monotheistic religion (belief in one God) just like Christianity and Judaism.

answer

True

question

Hinduism is the oldest of the world's major religions, dating back more than 3,000 years.

answer

True

question

Muted Group Theory claims that because powerful, wealthy groups at the top of U.S. society determine who will communicate and be listened to, women, the poor, and people of color have trouble participating and being heard.

answer

True

question

Germany and Switzerland are high-context cultures

answer

False

question

Polychronic-time people are frequently late for appointments or may not show up at all.

answer

True

question

People from low-context cultures may prefer more information-rich technologies (such as videoconferences), as well as those that offer the feeling of social presence.

answer

False

question

Which element of human communication is represented in the guiding principle: Listen for the meaning of both verbal and nonverbal messages. Separate facts from inferences and analyze the validity of arguments.

answer

Content

question

The ability to understand, analyze, respect, and respond to the meaning of another person's spoken and nonverbal messages defines

answer

Listening

question

Studies have found that listening occupies _______________ of a college student's communicating time.

answer

More than 50 percent

question

According to Ralph Nichols, without listening training most people listen at ______ efficiency.

answer

25%

question

How can you prepare to listen to someone who will be giving a presentation or speech?

answer

-Learn something about the topic. -Identify your own listening goals. -Prepare questions in advance and ask them if needed. -Share what you've heard with someone else.

question

You have gone to hear an expert speak about the American Disabilities Act and its implications for the workplace. Your primary goal during the presentation is to make sure you understand what the speaker has to say about the law. What type of listening should be your focus?

answer

Comprehensive Listening

question

Stephen R. Covey, author of The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, provides a definition of habit that also describes effective communication. In Covey's opinion, habits require

answer

Knowledge, skills, and desire.

question

Suppose most members of your work group want to hold a meeting on Saturday morning. Nicole seems upset. You want to understand how she feels about the proposed meeting. When she explains her concerns, you should use

answer

Empathetic Listening

question

Two of your cousins recommended different dates for the annual family reunion. Which type of listening will help you decide which suggestion to support?

answer

Analytic listening

question

You are trying to listen to your professor explain a complex theory that will be on the next exam. Unfortunately, you are highly congested from a head cold and are having trouble hearing what the professor is saying. Which type of listening is giving you a problem?

answer

Discriminative Listening

question

What type of listening enables you to acknowledge a speaker's effective use of language, ability to use humor, and skillful presentation of arguments?

answer

Appreciative Listening

question

Good listeners use their extra thought speed to

answer

Summarize main ideas

question

_______________ is the ability to restate what people say in a way that indicates you have understood what they mean.

answer

Paraphrasing

question

Which of the following statements represents the best paraphrase of "if we don't get this job done on time, the boss will be furious"?

answer

You seem very concerned about the boss's reaction to completing this project on schedule. Am I right?

question

What type of listening enables you to form appropriate opinions about the content of a message?

answer

Analytic Listening

question

What type of listening enables you to understand and identify a person's feelings or motives?

answer

Empathetic Listening

question

Analytical listening can be improved by

answer

-recognizing persuasive strategies. -evaluating persuasive strategies

question

Appreciative listening can be improved by

answer

-setting aside time for appreciative listening. -preparing to listen appreciatively. -welcoming opportunities to hear something challenging.

question

Good listeners use their extra thought speed productively. They do all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Listen for specific facts and unusual statistics.

question

When Ralph Nichols wrote "We must always withhold evaluation until our comprehension is complete," which listening strategy was he describing?

answer

Listen before you leap

question

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of paraphrasing?

answer

It is the ability to repeat exactly what a person has said.

question

_______________refers to the degree to which you match the importance of and emotions in a speaker's message in your response.

answer

Paraphrasing depth.

question

Suppose Julia says, "Among other things, I have an important exam coming up and I'm worried that, given my busy work schedule, I won't have enough time to study." Responding with, "You seem to be very upset about doing well on the exam" would be an inaccurate paraphrase because

answer

it responds to only one example, instead of responding to Julia's larger problem of coping with a busy work schedule.

question

Which component of the Toulmin Model of Argument is represented in Part I of the following argument? I. Joan would be a good group leader. II. Good leaders have effective communication skills. III. Joan took a communication course last year.

answer

Claim

question

Which component of the Toulmin Model of Argument is indicated by words in a claim such as "likely," "possibly," or "probably"?

answer

Qualifier

question

The community should enact a curfew for all juveniles." This statement is an example of a claim of

answer

Policy

question

Some of your colleagues have suggested that the company sponsor an annual picnic rather than a more formal annual dinner. John disagrees with the others because the company has held a formal dinner every year for more than ten years. Which fallacy of argument could be attributed to John's comment?

answer

Appeal to tradition

question

"Our group is the best in the class." This statement is an example of a claim of

answer

Value

question

Arguments that contend that something will or will not happen are claims of

answer

Conjecture

question

Which component of the Toulmin Model of Argument constitutes the evidence used to support a claim?

answer

Data

question

Which component of the Toulmin Model of Argument recognizes exceptions to the argument?

answer

Reservation

question

Which component of the Toulmin Model of Argument provides additional support for the argument's warrant?

answer

Backing

question

Listening and hearing are the same thing

answer

False

question

Listening is our number one communication activity

answer

...

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