Fundamental Therapy Skills – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
According to Carkhuff, what causes people to begin to ask fundamental life questions? Why?
answer
They are stripped of their formal roles due to the progression of culture.
question
Carkhuff categorizes all counseling models under what two rubrics?
answer
Insight and Action
question
HRD
answer
Human Resource Development
question
Helping effectiveness can be accounted for by what two factors?
answer
Responding and Initiating
question
Research suggests that helpers with higher levels of _____________ skills, confront more effectively.
answer
Responsive skills
question
Responding
answer
entering helpee's frame of reference and accurately communicating understanding, empathizing, and facilitating exploration
question
Initiating
answer
Developing a course of action to resolve the helper's problems, disclose/confront, facilitate action
question
What are "pre helping" skills and what are there purpose?
answer
non-verbal skills in the involvement stage of helping to increase verbal output of the speaker
question
What does Carkhuff mean by spread or range of effects?
answer
variability
question
Historical therapy outcome research data suggests lasting positive effects in what percent of cases?
answer
17-20%
question
What does Carkhuff mean by "understanding"?
answer
the necessary meditational process between exploring and acting
question
Helpee involvement is ________________.
answer
far from the norm
question
A person remembers ____ of what they hear.
answer
1/2
question
What is the relationship of helpee talking quantity to helpee improvement?
answer
positively correlated relationship
question
Which of Carkhuff's basic helping skills are necessary and sufficient for change?
answer
Personalizing and Initiating
question
Personalizing
answer
Helps helpee to programmatically develop insights
question
"teaching is treatment"
answer
Training clients directly in skills they need to function in society
question
The immediate purpose of responding is:
answer
to influence self-exploration
question
Intrapersonal processing
answer
exploring human experience, understanding human goals, and acting upon programs to achieve the goals
question
Interpersonal processing
answer
enables a person to relate to the experiences of others
question
What does Carkhuff mean by helpee involvement?
answer
That the helpee is involved by being prepared for processing by giving their attention to personally relevant experiences.
question
attending
answer
Involves communicating an undivided attentiveness to show that you are interested in the experiences of the helpee
question
Three components of attending
answer
Attend Physically, observe, and listen
question
What are the 2 purposes of attending?
answer
Focuses helper's observing and listening skills on helpees verbal and behavioral expressions of experiences and Facilitates helpee involvement and Communicates intense interest in experiences of helpee, motivating them to be involved
question
What are the 4 behavioral elements of attending physically?
answer
Facing, squaring, leaning toward and eye contact
question
Accurate responding stimulates...
answer
further exploration
question
Respond to content
answer
reflecting or communicating back to the helpee what they are saying
question
Respond to feeling
answer
reflecting how the helpees feel about what they are saying
question
Respond to meaning
answer
putting feeling and content together in a response
question
Helpers draw from their own_____ to facilitate helpee _____________
answer
understanding; understanding of the meaning of their experiences
question
Helpee understanding = helpee taking responsibility for what 2 roles?
answer
Responsibility for their problems and goals
question
5 components of initiating.
answer
Define goals Develop programs Design schedule and reinforcements Prepare to implement steps Plan check steps
question
What do you think Carkhuff means by the "myth of independency?"
answer
it is impossible for a person to function alone
question
What does Carkhuff mean by "We are all losers!"
answer
when we fail to attend we communicate that they don't matter and we also miss what they have to offer
question
In its broadest sense attending simply means
answer
paying attention
question
The function of attending for the helper is
answer
learning
question
According to Carkhuff there are only 3 relationship behavior choices. What are they?
answer
Fight, flight, relate
question
The function of attending for the helpee is
answer
to engage and involve them
question
4 attending skills
answer
Preparing for Attending Attending personally Observing Listening
question
Sub-categories of the first attending skill
answer
prepare helpees, prepare context, prepare helpers
question
preparing content
answer
A neat and orderly context A familiar context A facilitative context
question
Attending personally involves proximity and
answer
posturing
question
3 specific helper behaviors of attending personally
answer
squaring,leaning,eye contact
question
How does Carkhuff define observing (skills), i.e., observing skills involve the helper's ability to see and understand what 2 helpee factors?
answer
energy,feeling, and readiness to understand appearance and behavior
question
According to Carkhuff what is the richest source of data concerning helpee feelings
answer
Facial expressions
question
What does Carkhuff mean by incongruence
answer
Incongruence is not being consistent in behavior or appearance.
question
What is the overall richest source of helper empathy?
answer
Helpee's verbal expressions
question
5 components of listening.
answer
Have a reason for listening Suspend judgment Focus upon help and content Recall expressions Recall themes
question
What is Carkhuff's reason for listening?
answer
Prepares us for responding empathically to our helpees
question
What does Carkhuff mean by suspending judgment?
answer
Letting the helpee's message sink in without trying to make a decision about them
question
Which component of listening is the most important and how is it achieved?
answer
Focus upon the helpee, resist distractions
question
Define "content."
answer
The details about the helpee's experiences 5WH
question
Why do ppl resist listening?
answer
the implication of intimacy
question
"...there is no such thing as independence..."
answer
we were meant for fellowship, not isolation
question
2 sets of responding skills
answer
Discriminating accurately the dimensions of the helpees' experiences Communicating accurately to the helpees the dimensions we have perceived
question
Responding to content clarifies...?
answer
The ingredients of the helpees' experiences allows helper to personalize understanding of helpee
question
Responding to feeling clarifies...?
answer
The affect attached to the experience
question
Responding facilitates...?
answer
Helpee's exploration of where they are in relation to their worlds (helpee exploring)
question
Responding stimulates...?
answer
Helpee exploring
question
Responding reinforces...?
answer
Helpee exploring
question
What is Carkhuff's antithesis of parroting?
answer
Do not repeat what client said verbatim, but paraphrase back to them to capture the purpose of what they said.
question
Asking a series of questions helps the helper to focus on______ as opposed to _________.
answer
what they are saying as opposed to what the helper wants to talk about
question
What is the most critical single skill in the helping process?
answer
Responding to feeling
question
"Empathy Question?"
answer
"How would I feel if I were the helpee"
question
What does Carkhuff mean by the phrase "a response that is interchangeable with feelings?"
answer
If both the helper and the helpee express the same feeling, hearing them, thinking how you would feel, then repeating back to them your perception of how they feel, based on what they said, and how you'd feel.
question
What does Carkhuff mean by an "interchangeable base of communication"?
answer
provides opportunity to check accuracy of our understanding of what the helpee's been communicating. This is critical for relationship to develop
question
What does Carkhuff mean by "internalizing" and is this different from helpee "understanding?"
answer
internalizing making the helpees accountable for their experiences. They focus on themselves rather than their environment, leads to understanding
question
How do helpees alert us as to their readiness to move into personalizing levels?
answer
By doing for themselves what we have been doing for them
question
The main data used in formulating a personalized meaning response is the immediate individual helpee expression?
answer
False, we formulate interchangeable responses to the helpee's expressions made over a period of time.
question
What sentence format is suggested for use in "personalizing meaning" of the helpee experience?
answer
you feel _____ because you_____
question
Define personalizing the problem.
answer
"what is there about the helpees themselves that is contributing to the problems?"
question
Carkhuff's 5 scaling categories for assessing levels of HRD functioning
answer
Detractor, observer, participant, contributor, leader
question
Personalized goals
answer
Determined behaviors that are opposite the personalized problem. The goal can be described as the "flip side" of the problem (ideal self)
question
5 elements of INITIATING
answer
Define goals, develop programs, design schedule and reinforcements, prepare to implement steps, and plan to check steps
question
Carkhuff's two elements of "defining the goal."
answer
Define the 5WH and define a standard to measure the basic question of direction "how will we know when we have reached our goal?
question
Carkhuff's definition of "program."
answer
Step by step procedures for achieving the goals
question
Carkhuff's definitions of "reinforcement."
answer
Things that matter to us- most affective when applied following the performance of a step
question
How does Carkhuff recommend that we use ourselves as reinforcers?
answer
Coming from their frame of reference, and using empathy as source of reinforcement
question
What is Carkhuff's reason to live?
answer
to grow
question
Carkhuff believes that understanding of others is contingent upon understanding of self?
answer
True
question
What does Carkhuff mean by saying that you never understand a person until you know what he has not experienced?
answer
We will not understand their expressions of responsiveness until we understand essentially, what really drives a person verses what they say drives them.
question
The need to act is a natural extension of responding to what is not there."
answer
A person is as much a function of what he is not as of what he is. It is what he is not that he reaches to become. Helpees are motivated by the behavior they want to have. if I have not understood what is not there, I cannot respond to what is there.
question
Why does Carkhuff believe that people need each other?
answer
We need to see others to come to realize what we're missing
question
What is Carkhuff's basis for value judgements?
answer
Behavior is either helpful or harmful to himself or others
question
Give a Carkhuffian example of destroy and "death forces."
answer
Training, retaining or firing a 2nd grade teacher who produces only 7 months reading growth in 1 year
question
What does Carkhuff mean by being "differential" in the way we regard others?
answer
Communicating positive regard for positive behaviors and conditional or negative regard for negative behaviors. Not accepting the other person for less than they are capable of being.
question
What determines our effectiveness?
answer
That we are as effective as the quantity and quality of skills we have in our response repertoires. Best equipped people are most effective teachers.
question
How does Rogers define a "helping relationship?"
answer
A relationship in which at least one of the parties has the intent of promoting growth, development, maturity, improved functioning, improved coping with life of the other
question
research findings of the Ends & Page and the Halkides studies.
answer
Therapy based upon a learning theory approach was somewhat deleterious. Analytically oriented show some positive gain and client-centered as associated with the greatest amount of positive change
question
According to Rogers, the client perception of the attitude of the therapist is more determinant of the success of the therapy than therapist theoretical orientation?
answer
True
question
What are Carlson's two basic assumptions?
answer
Christ is greater than theology and theology and science are compatible
question
According to Carlson, when is integration impossible?
answer
When the personality of the counselor is not integrated
question
How does Carlson define counseling?
answer
Advice giving coupled with interventive strategies
question
What was Jesus' style of relating? (counseling)?
answer
Multi-modal; priestly, prophetic and pastoral
question
According to prof, personalizing is:
answer
additive
question
According to prof, personalizing the feeling emphasizes:
answer
attunement
question
The prof criticizes Carkhuff in that he:
answer
calls clients "unable"
question
Personalizing meaning facilitates
answer
beginning and taking intermediate steps
question
How does Proverbs 18:13 suggest a biblical counseling model?
answer
Counselors should listen before answering.
question
Carkhuff's intrapersonal processing:
answer
involving, exploring, understanding, and acting
question
Carkhuff's interpersonal processing
answer
attending, responding, Personalizing, and initiating.
question
Critique of Carkhuff: definition of "good" because
answer
Ultimate goals of growth are not addressed in value
question
Critique of Carkhuff: He does not address the possibilities of
answer
normal and abnormal growth in value terms.
question
According to prof, 4 specific helper behaviors of attending personally/ physically?
answer
Face Incline No distractions Eye contact
question
verbal-nonverbal:
answer
nonword characteristics of spoken communication
question
The Ministry of Listening
answer
The listening Nature of God The listening imperative, Demonstration
question
According to prof, responding elements
answer
empathy, respect, curiosity, and specificity
question
According to prof, initiating elements
answer
Concretness, self-disclosure, confrontation, immediacy
