Functional anatomy of bacteria – Flashcards
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| common prokaryote and eukaryote features |
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| ATP, DNA, Information pathway, Macromolecules, cell membrane, glycolysis |
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| (p or E) 1 circular chromosome, no introns, little non coding DNA |
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| Pro |
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| (p or e) >1 linear chromosomes, introns, lots of noncoding dna |
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| eu |
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| (p or e) no membrane bound organelles, 70S ribosomes |
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| pro |
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| (p or e) membrane bound organelles, 80S ribosomes |
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| eu |
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| (p or e) respiration in membrane, complex cell wall |
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| p |
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| (p or e)respiration in mitochondria, simple/no cell wall |
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| eu |
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| (p or e) binary fission |
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| pro |
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| (p or e) mitosis and cytokinesis |
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| e |
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| capsule structure |
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| short chains of repeating acidic monosaccharides |
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| capsule function |
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| attachment to host tissues, protection from phagocytosis |
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| cell wall function |
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| shape, prevent lysis, anchor flagella |
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| cell wall structure |
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| peptidoglycan |
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| cell wall types |
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| thick (Gram +) and thin (gram -) |
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| gram stain developer |
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| Hans Gram, by mistake |
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| Gram + color |
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| purple |
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| Gram - color |
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| pink |
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| gram staining procedure |
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| applicaiton of crystal violet, applicaiton of iodine, alcohol wash, application of safranin |
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| peptidoglycan components |
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| disaccharides and short peptide chains |
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| cell wall disaccharides |
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| n-acetyl-glucosamine and n-acetyl-muramic acid |
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| gram + cell wall monomer components |
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| disaccharide, tetrapeptide side chain, 5 amino acid side chain |
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| Gram - cell wall differences |
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| only 2 layers, no sidechain, change in tetrapeptide, direct linkage of tetrapeptide side chains |
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| techoic acid |
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| negative pieces that weave through peptiogylcan, regulates cation flow, inhibits autolysin activity |
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| autolysin (gram + cell wall) |
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| degrades peptidoglycans, allows for cell expansion |
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| gram - cell wall structure |
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| thin peptidoglycan, outer membrane |
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| outermembrane (gm -) contains |
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| phospholipid, porions, lipopolysaccharides |
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| porions |
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| donut shaped proteins that allow free diffusion of small metabolites |
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| lipopolysaccharides |
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| lipid A (endotoxin), o-oligosaccharide |
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| o-oligosaccharide purpose |
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| idenificaiton |
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| plasma membrane structure |
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| phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins |
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| plasma membrane function |
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| regulate molecular traffic |
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| phospholipid regulation |
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| free diffusion of uncharged particles, restricts flow of large molecules and hydrophillic molecules |
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| membrane protein regulation |
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| receptors and enzymes |
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| permeases |
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| highly specific transport of polar molecules across membrane |
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| integral protein |
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| goes completely through membrane |
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| peripheral protein |
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| imbedded but only on one side of membrane |
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| fimbriae/pili structure |
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| hollow, hair like projections of the cell membrane |
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| fimbriae/pili functions (2) |
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| attachment, conjugation |
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| flagella structure |
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| simple protein filament linked to rotor embedded into cell wall and membrane |
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| flagella function |
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| motility |
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| monotrichous |
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| one flagella |
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| amphitrichous |
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| one flagella at each end |
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| lophotrichous |
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| cluster of flagella at one end |
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| petritichous |
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| surrounding flagella |
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| nucleoid structure |
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| single, circular naked chromosome |
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| is the nucleoid required? |
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| yes |
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| Naked DNA?? |
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| no packing proteins |
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| number of genes in prokaryote chromosome |
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| ~5000 |
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| number of genes essential to prokaryote function |
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| ~800 |
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| nucleoid function |
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| code for gene products |
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| plasmid structure |
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| small (only several genes) self replicating circular dna |
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| plasmid required? |
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| no, it is optional |
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| plasmid function |
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| contain optional genetic information that codes for gene products that enable gene exchange or survival in unusual environments |
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| plasmid number per cell? |
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| 1 to hundereds |
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| location of antibiotic resistance genes? |
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| plasmid |
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| ribosome structure (#protein and rna) |
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| two subunits: 30s and 50s ~50 proteins; 3 RNAs |
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| ribosome size (S) |
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| 70s |
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| ribosome function |
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| protein synthesis |
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| # of ribosomes in rapidly growing cell and ATP consumption? |
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| 20,000 ribosomes and use 90% of ATP |
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| Ribosome is site of action of many ____ |
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| antibiotics |
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| inclusion body structure |
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| varies on type |
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| inclusion body function |
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| storage |
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| endospore structure |
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| chromosome surrounded by thick protein shell |
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| endospore function |
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| survive harsh environmental conditions |
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| process of forming an endospore |
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| sporogenesis |
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| process endospore becoming active |
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| germination |
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| when do endospores germinate? |
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| When conditions are favorable |
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| two genuses to produce endospores |
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| Bacillus and Clostridium |
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| [image] |
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| vibrio |
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| [image] |
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| bacillus |
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| [image] |
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| sprilla |
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| [image] |
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| spriochete |
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| [image] |
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| streptobacillus |
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| [image] |
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| coccobacillus |
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| [image] |
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| diplococcus |
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| [image] |
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| streptococcus |
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| [image] |
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| tetrad |
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| [image] |
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| sarcinae |
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| [image] |
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| staphylo- |
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| Bacteria that uses capsule for attachment to host tissues |
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| streptococcus mutans |
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| bacteria that uses capsule for protection from phagocytosis |
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| streptococcus pneumoniae |
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| Bacteria with o-oligosaccharide that killed kids |
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| E. coli O157 |
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| bacteria that uses fimbriae/pili for attachment |
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| pathogenic e. coli and neisseria gonorrheae |
