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The English language is described as a living language because

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it changes due to growth and decay. In a living language, words are added and others cease to exist.

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English has changed over time due to

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historical influences, new science and medical discoveries and modifications in social attitudes.

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Romantic poets feel that isolation and alienation are important components to the creation of their poetry. What does alienation have to do with Romantic Ideology?

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To commune with nature, one needs to be alone with nature. As being with nature is a cathartic experience to the Romantics, there needs to be a one-to-one relationship with no other distractions.

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Hamlin Garlin and Bret Harte used realism to create texts. Realism is best defined as

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the literary technique of realistically representing the nature of life and the social world, as it would appear to the common reader. Think of realism as a literary attempt at photography-a realistic approach as opposed to a romantic one.

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Who is the author attributed with writing The Iliad and The Odyssey?

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Scholars credit Homer, a Greek poet

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In the construction of an effective persuasive argument, you must include

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a full recognition and clear analysis of the counterargument showing its strengths and weaknesses.

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What American author is famous for such works as Life on the Mississippi and Innocents Abroad: or The New Pilgrim;s Progess?

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Mark Twain

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What is a topic sentence?

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A sentence usually located at the beginning of a paper that states the main premise of the essay.

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What is the definition of grammar?

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The branch of language study or linguistic study that deals with the means of showing the relationship between words in use.

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Approaches to instruction in grammar include

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transformational, traditional and structural

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The term alliteration means

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a repetitive consonant sound occuring at the beginning of a word or of a stressed syllable within a word.

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What does the narrator of Moby Dick mean when he says "This is my substitute for pistol and ball"?

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If he doesn't get to the sea right away, he will kill himself. In other words, it suggests that sailing is the only cure for his depression.

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When the narrator refers to "a damp, drizzly November in my soul," he is using what type of figure of speech.

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metaphor, whereby symbols replace literal representations.

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For the purpose of continuity, historians and scholars divide the periods of English literature into various segments.

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Old English, Middle English, Renaissance, Neoclassical, Romantic, Victorian, Modern periods.

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The term that denotes or classifies a recurring type of literature, also called a literary form, is more commonly referred to as

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Genre is a word of French that denotes the categorizing or classification of literary works by subject. Genres can include but are not limited to such categories as westersn, science fiction, horror, mystery, and detective stories.

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Keats, Shelly (Percy Bysshe and Mary), Coleridge, and Wordsmith are names associated with which period of English Literature?

answer

The authors are all associated with the Romantic period.

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Samuel Langhorne Clemens, one of the most famous authors in American History, is know by a more familiar pen name. What is it?

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Mark Twain, who took his pen name from the language of the river boats he so loved.

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A noun formed from a verb by the addition of -ing, as in run to running, is known as a (an)

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A gerund is fromed by adding -ing to a verb, resulting in a word that functions as a noun.

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When two independent clauses are NOT joined correctly, the sentence is known as a

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A run-on sentence

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In the phrase to boldly go where no man has gone before, what is the grammatical term for to boldy go?

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split infinitve

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What is the best practice in writing instruction?

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Instruct students in writing, and give them time to write.

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Listening is a process students use to extract meaning from oral speech. Activities teachers can engage in to assist students in becoming more effective listeners include

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clearly setting a purpose for listening, asking questions about the selection, and encouraging students to forge links between the new information and knowledge already in place.

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If a teacher is interested in improving the comprehension skills of students, that teacher should

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teach students to decode well, allow time during the day to read and reread selections and discuss the selections after reading to clarify meaning and make connections.

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If a student's purpose is to give an informational speech, he is likely to

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be somewhat repetitive to reinforce points made.

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A scoring rubric is designed to

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focus on each aspect of an assigned task and allow teachers to afford some aspects of an assignment more importance by weighing them more highly.

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The primary purpose of an IRI (Informal Reading Inventory) is to

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diagnose weaknesses in specific reading skills so that a teacher can target remediation. It can also indicate the student's instructional, independent, and frustration level, but this is not its primary purpose.

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A checklist can be used to assess listening and might reasonably include

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the student's ability to follow directions, make pertinent remarks and ask relevant questions following a presentation.

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If a second language learner is literate in his native language, it will usually take him how long to acquire CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) in the second language?

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5-7 years.

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Specific strategies for integrating language and content for second language learners include

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using explicit language modeling, the presentation of realia and body language.

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In order to develop proficient writers, teachers must develop

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proficient speakers

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The authoring cycle consists of

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brainstorming, drafting, editing, proofreading, final copy

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A writing portfolio should be organized by

answer

in chronological order so that improvement in writing over time is documented.

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An example of figurative language is a (an)

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metaphor

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An example of onomatopoeia is

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splash, fizz, pluck, pop

question

An example of redundancy

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The really hot boiling water...

question

What is responsible for the major change in the meaning of the word "gay" in contemporary society?

answer

societal attitudes

question

What affects a speaker's use of language?

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the age of the speaker, the background experiences of the listeners, the speaker's purpose

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Usually it is more effective to write active rather than passive sentences. A passive sentence puts

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the object before the subject.

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If a sentence's subject is contained in a noun phrase, then a sentence's predicate must contain..

answer

a verb phrase

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The rule for applying a preposition or an article to all members of a series is

answer

that you must use either a preposition or article only before the first term or else repeat it before every term.

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While ambiguous writing can be an obsatcle for many novice authors, seasoned veterans of the craft, from Shakespeare to Joyce, use ambiguity for pluralistic effects. What does ambiguous mean?

answer

using a vague or ambivalent word or expression when a precise word or phrase is called for

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What is allusion?

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using a literary text or reference, without explicit identification of the text or reference.

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What is a concrete word or phrase?

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using a word or phrase that states specifically what the author is trying to say.

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Which activity is considered part of the prewriting phase of the writing phase?

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delimiting the topic, point of view, organizational format, augience for the piece

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a teacher wants to facilitate her students' choice of a writing piece. Strategies for assisting them to do this include

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interest inventories, journals and freewriting

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When you give students a piece of writing that uses the third person and have them change it to first person, they will be practicing the element of the writing process called

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point of view

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Effective responses to students' writing include the following

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I liked the way you made the protagonist's intentions clear, your point of view was perfectly appropriate for this piece, the twists and turns in your plot would maintain the reader's interest

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Teachers should respond to student's writing by doing what?

answer

Providing positive reinforcement by stating waht was done well.

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Appropriate ways to assess students' writing include

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a teacher-student writing conference, have the students keep individual tracking sheets on which they include comments about the quality of their writing, have the students use writing comments sheets which have sections for both student and teacher comments on the writing

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When two different words share the same or similar meaning they are

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synonyms

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According to the National Institute for Literacy, parents and educators "can encourage indirect vocabulary learning by first

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reading aloud to children, regardless of age or grade level"

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What is the definition of literacy?

answer

the ability to comprehend what one reads and writes

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When paraphrasing the plot of a literary work, it is standard practice to

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summarize the piece in the present

question

In a composition on literary analysis, where is the most appropriate spot to place the author's name, the title of the piece, and the thesis or central theme of your paper?

answer

in the first sentence of the first paragraph

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One of the most effective ways for readers to "engage" with the text is to

answer

annotate the text with a pencil or pen and not a highlighter

question

Why should children be taught to use graphic organizers as a method of organizing data during an inquiry?

answer

It helps children to see similarities and differences across sources

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Why should children be encouraged to figure out the structure and the features of the text they are attempting to comprehend and remember?

answer

it helps the students to understand the way the author orgainized the material to be presented, to look at the features of the text, talking about the text provides an opportunity for the teacher to point out the most salient features fto the students, the discussions may help the child make connections between the new material in the chapter and what is already known about the topic.

question

Having students make a semantic web of several books, including things such as the setting, the plot and the characterization, is a good way to teach them

answer

the elements of the genre: the novel

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In their use of a dictionary, the most common weakness that youngsets demonstrate is their failure to

answer

use guide words to locate the word of interest

question

If youngsters need to locate specific information about an individual, the most appropriate reference book for them to use would be

answer

a biographical dictionary

question

Students who use metacognition to enhance their reading comprehension have teachers who encourage them to

answer

activate prior knowledge, make predictions, ask questions while reading, summarize what they have read

question

A quickly and easily made assessment tool that teachers can make to assess strengths and weaknesses in students' reading is

answer

a checklist

question

Another name for an IRI (Informal Reading Inventory) is

answer

a miscue analysis, as it is used to record the errors in decoding made by a student.

question

Examples of literay genre include

answer

historical fiction, science fiction and realistic fiction

question

Context clues should be taught in categories. Which are categories of context clues?

answer

definitions of more complex or unusual words, giving an example of what the word means, comparison of the more difficult word with something more familar

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If an author portrays a character as having an "Achilles's heel" to refer to the character's weakness, he has a literary device known as an

answer

allusion

question

Strategies for teaching literature include

answer

creating plot diagrams, rewriting the books ending, designing a jacket or cover for the book

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Which genre would most likely assis young adults with personal, social, and emotional development?

answer

realistic contemporary fiction

question

Literature circles come together for the specific purpose of doing which of the following?

answer

discussing a designated book, author, or literary genre

question

Persuasive speakers use which of the following approaches to convince their audience to agree with them?

answer

appeal to reason, appeal to emotion, appeal to character

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Someone listening to music while driving is engaged in what level or type of listening?

answer

marginal

question

Advertisers often use euphemisms in their commercials. What are examples of euphemisms?

answer

passed away, faux diamond, imitation leather

question

A teacher videotaped several television commercials. The students were asked to decipher the real message the advertiser was sending. The teacher did this in order to make the students

answer

critical consumers

question

A teacher is giving oral directions to her class so that they can create a craft project. The teacher's goal is to assess the students'

answer

listening ability

question

Having students view a film based on a book they have read and compare the two versions, helps them to become

answer

informed viewers

question

Assessment of speaking should

answer

be performance-based in authentic contexts, include skills such as make eye contact, include the ability to stick to the subject, include responding appropriately to audience questions

question

Today's students need to access computers. Drawbacks concerning the use of this technology in schools include

answer

computers are very expensive, grow obsolete quickly and need to be replaced, should not be an end in and of themselves.

question

Which skills of language arts are considered expressive?

answer

speaking and writing

question

What is an appropriate strategy that integrates math and writing?

answer

Have youngsters write out a complete explanation of their solution to a math problem.

question

What are examples of cooperative learning strategies?

answer

Think-pair-share, numbered heads together, jigsaw

question

Activities that would be appropriate for an integral unit on World War II?

answer

studying a map of the countries involved, making a graph of the troop losses on each side, interviewing veterans about their experiences, reading about the topic in a history textbook

question

The lesson plan for an integrated lesson differs from that of a lesson in a single subject in what way?

answer

the procedures section includes activities in several curriculum areas.

question

What are examples of receptive language arts?

answer

viewing, listening, and reading

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