Foundations of Business (Chapter 10) – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
motiviation
answer
the individual internal process that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior; the personal "force" that causes you or me to behave in a particular way
question
scientific management
answer
the application of scientific principles to management of work and workers
question
piece-rate system
answer
a compensation system under which employees are paid a certain amount for each unit of output they produce
question
need
answer
a personal requirement
question
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
answer
a sequence of human needs in the order of their importance
question
physiological needs
answer
the things we require for survival
question
safety needs
answer
the things we require for physical and emotional security
question
social needs
answer
the human requirements for love and affection and a sense of belonging
question
esteem needs
answer
our need for respect, recognition, and a sense of our own accomplishment and worth
question
self-actualization needs
answer
the need to grow and develop and to become all that we are capable of being
question
motivation-hygiene theory
answer
the idea that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are separate and distinct dimensions
question
motivation factors
answer
job factors that increase motivation, although their absence does not necessarily result in dissatisfaction
question
hygiene factors
answer
job factors that reduce dissatisfaction when present to an acceptable degree but that do not necessarily result in high levels of motivation
question
Theory X
answer
a concept of employee motivation generally consistent with Taylor's scientific management; assumes that employees dislike work and will function only in a highly controlled work environment
question
Theory Y
answer
a concept of employee motivation generally consistent with the ideas of the human relations movement; assumes responsibility and work toward organizational goals, and by doing so they also achieve personal rewards
question
Theory Z
answer
the belief that middle ground between Type A and Type J practices is best for American Business
question
Reinforcement theory
answer
a theory of motivation based on the promise that rewarded behavior is likely to be repeated, whereas punished behavior is less likely to recur
question
equity theory
answer
a theory of motivation based on the premise that people are motivated to obtain and preserve equitable treatment for themselves
question
expectancy theory
answer
a model based on the assumption that motivation depends on how much we want something and on how likely we think we are to get it
question
goal-setting theory
answer
a theory of motivation suggesting that employees are motivated to achieve goals that they are their managers established together
question
management by objectives (MBO)
answer
a motivation technique in which managers and employees collaborate in setting goals
question
job enrichment
answer
a motivation technique that provides employees with more variety and responsibility in their jobs
question
job enlargement
answer
expanding a worker's assignments to include additional but similar tasks
question
job redesign
answer
a type of job enrichment in which work is restructured to cultivate the worker-job match
question
behavior modification
answer
a systematic program of reinforcement to encourage desirable behavior
question
flextime
answer
a system in which employees set their own work hours within employer-determined limits
question
part-time work
answer
permanent employment in which individuals work less than a standard work week
question
job sharing
answer
an arrangement whereby two people share one full-time position
question
telecommuting
answer
working at home all the time of for a portion of the work week
question
empowerment
answer
making employees more involved in their jobs by increasing their participation in decision making
question
employee ownership
answer
a situation in which employees own the company they work for by virtue of being stockholders
question
team
answer
tow or more workers operating as a coordinated unit to accomplish a specific task or goal
question
problem-solving team
answer
a team of knowledgeable employees brought together to tackle a specific problem
question
self-managed teams
answer
groups of employees with the authority and skills to manage themselves
question
cross-functional team
answer
a team of individuals with varying specialties, expertise, and skills that are brought together to achieve a common task
question
virtual team
answer
a team consisting of members who are geographically dispersed but communicate electronically
question
What are a team 5 stages of developement?
answer
Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning
