Force & Motion Unit Study Guide – Flashcards
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Speed
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distance an object travels in one unit of time
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Force
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a push or pull exerted on an abject
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Mass
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the amount of matter in an object
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Acceleration
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the rate at which velocity changes
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Air resistance
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the fluid friction experienced by objects falling through the air
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Friction
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the force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other
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Gravity
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the force that pulls objects towards Earth
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Projectile
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an object that is thrown
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Weight
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the force of gravity on an object at the surface of a planet
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Balanced forces (zero net force)
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equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions
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Density
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the mass of a substance contained in a unit of volume
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Free fall
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the motion of a falling object when the only force acting on it is gravity
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Inertia
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the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion
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Kinetic energy
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energy that an object has due to its motion
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Motion
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the state in which one objects distance from another is changing
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Net force
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the overall force of an object when all the individual forces acting on an object are added together
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Newton
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unit of measure that equals the force required to accelerate one kilogram of mass at 1 meter per second
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Potential energy
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energy that is stored and held in readiness
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Rolling friction
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friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface
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Sliding friction
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friction that occurs when one solid object slides over another
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Terminal velocity
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the maximum velocity that a falling object can achieve
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Unbalanced force (non-zero net force)
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a non-zero net force that changes an objects motion
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Velocity
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speed in a given direction
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Momentum
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quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity
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1st Law of Motion
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Nickname: Law of Inertia States: an object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion in a straight line unless acted on by an external force Example: Peep being smacked (was at rest, now its flying through the air)
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2nd Law of Motion
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Nickname: Law of Acceleration States: acceleration is proportionate to the size of the force Example: small force= small acceleration, large mass= small acceleration
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3rd Law of Motion
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Nickname: Law of Action Reaction States: for every action there is a equal and opposite reaction Examples: see-saw
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Calculate density
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Density = Mass ÷ Volume
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Calculate acceleration (2 ways)
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Acceleration = Force ÷ Mass Acceleration = Total Velocity ÷Time
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Calculate speed
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Speed = Distance ÷Time
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Calculate velocity
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Velocity = Change in position ÷Time
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Calculate reaction distance
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Distance vehicle travels in time between when driver reacts and applies brakes
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Calculate stopping distance
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Reaction time + braking distance
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Universal Law of Gravitation
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States that every point mass in the universe attracts every other point mass with a force that is directly proportionate to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
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Effects of friction or the lack of friction
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More friction = stop faster, less friction = stop slower
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Effects of speed on collisions
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More speed = more impact, less speed = less impact
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Effects of safety features during collisions
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More safety features = more safe, less safety features = less safe
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Calculate net force
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If equal on both sides, net force = 0 If 10 N on one side and 20 N on the another, the net force = 10 N
