Foods and Nutrition Ch. 2 – Flashcards
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Hypertension
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High blood pressure
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Nutrition
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the study of how the body uses the nutrients in foods that are eaten
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Complex carbohydrates
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starches and fibers
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Osteoporosis
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a condition resulting from a calcium deficiency, which is characterized by porous, brittle bones
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Fat soluble vitamin
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a vitamin that dissolves in fats and can be stored in the fatty tissues of the body
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trace element
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a mineral, such as iron or iodine, that is needed in the diet in amounts less than 100 milligrams
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anemia
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a condition resulting from deficiencies of various nutrients, which is characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells in the bloodstream
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water
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a nutrient required by the body to lubricate the joints and body cells and help regulate body temperature
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digestion
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the bodily process of breaking food down into simpler compounds the body can use
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beriberi
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a disease of the nervous system resulting from a thiamin deficiency
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fatty acid
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a chemical chain containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms that is the basic component of all lipids
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protein
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one of the six basic nutrients that is required for growth, repair, and maintenance of every body cell
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pellagra
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a disease resulting from a niacin deficiency
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carbohydrate
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one of the six basic types of nutrients that is the body's chief source of energy
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cholesterol
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a fatlike substance that occurs only in foods of animal origin
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complete protein
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a protein containing all nine essential amino acids in sufficient amounts
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rickets
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a disease resulting from a vitamin D deficiency
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trans fat
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a fatty acid with an odd molecular shape that is created in hydrogenated oils
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glucose
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a from of sugar carried in the bloodstream for energy use throughout the body
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night blindness
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a condition resulting from a vitamin A deficiency
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hydrogenation
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a process used to turn liquid oils into more highly saturated solid fats
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metabolism
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the chemical processes that take place in the cells after the body absorbs nutrients
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deficiency disease
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an illness that is caused by the lack of a sufficient amount of a nutrient
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monounsaturated
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a type of fatty acid that is missing one hydrogen atom
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saliva
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mucus-enzyme containing liquid secreted by the mouth
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amino acid
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one of 20 types of small units that make up proteins
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fiber
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a form of complex carbohydrate from plants that humans cannot digest
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fats
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one of the six types of nutrients that are important energy sources
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peristalsis
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waves of contractions of the muscular walls of the digestive trace, which push food through the tract
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mineral
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one of the six basic nutrient types that is an inorganic substance and becomes part of the bones, soft tissues, and body fluids
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vitamin
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one of the six basic types of nutrients that is a complex organic substance and becomes part of the bones, soft tissues, and body fluids
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scurvy
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a disease resulting from a vitamin C deficiency
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PEM
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a condition that may result if the diet does not contain enough protein and calories
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goiter
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a visible enlargement of the thyroid gland resulting from an iodine deficiency
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nutrient
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a chemical substance from food the body needs to live
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absorption
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the process of taking nutrients into the body and making them part of the body
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malnutrition
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lack of the right proportions of nutrients over an extended period
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toxicity
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getting an excess of nutrients resulting in poisoning
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dietary supplement
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purified nutrient or nonnutrient substances that are manufactured or extracted from natural sources
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antioxidant
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substance that prevents or slows damage caused by chemical reactions involving oxygen
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fortified foods
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source of added nutrients in the diet aside from supplements
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water-soluble vitamin
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vitamins that dissolve in water(C+B)
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macrominerals
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minerals needed in the diet in amounts of 100 or more milligrams each day
