Florida State Paramedic Exam – Flashcards
342 test answers
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Know what patients not to pace
answer
HR-55, R-20, BP-110/65-asymptomatic bradycardia
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What are the side effects of lidocaine?
answer
siezures
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Pt has reaction to blood while enroute with a interfacility transfer, How to treat?
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Discontinue blood products
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What are side effects of diuretics?
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Hypokalemia
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What does the cerebellum control?
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Fine motor skills
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What is referred to as the master gland, "pea sized" or size of a grape
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pituitary gland, its secretions control or regulate the secretions of the endocrine glands
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R on T causes?
answer
V-Fib
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Pt has sinus brady with unifocal PVC`s, how do we treat this pt?
answer
0.5mg atropine, treat the bradycardia not the PVC`s
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What is a contraindication of Lidocaine?
answer
sinus brady
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Fluid resuscitation for a neonate?
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10ml/kg
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What is the wrongful act that gives rise to a civil suit called?
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Tort
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Patient is unconscious and ill, it is alright to treat this pt based on what?
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Implied consent
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A pt left in an ER for 20 mins before returning in order to run another call is an example of what?
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negligence or abandonment..if answer key includes abandonment pick abandonment
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When you inform a pt of the risks involved with refusing treatment and they agree to treat them they give you what?
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informed consent
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What offers you protection while off duty?
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The good samaritan law
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Anytime you are dispatched to a call you have a duty to what?
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Duty to Act, it is prescribed by law as what we must do an how we must do it.
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Anytime we leave a pt before official transfer we may be sued for what?
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abandonment
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What did the food, drug and cosmetic act do?
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created FDA, required drug makers to label products and admit if they are habit forming, mandated dangerous drugs could only be dispensed with a prescription
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What is the FDA charged with doing?
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determining the safety and efficacy of drugs before they enter the market
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Remember before allowing a pt to refuse treatment?
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Must explain to the patient the severity of their condition and risks of refusing.
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Can intoxicated pt`s sign refusals?
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pt must have decision making capacity in order to refuse care
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What causes negligence?
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There was a duty to act, breech of duty, which was the proximate cause of harm, INTENT IS NOT NEEDED
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What is a legal document indicating end of life request regarding resuscitation?
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DNR-yellow in color
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Emergency with a minor, no parents, what should the medic do?
answer
treat the pt, assume implied consent
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what is one of the first signs of hypovolemic shock?
answer
Tachycardia
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What is an early sign of any shock?
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Altered mental status
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How do we open a trauma pt`s airway?
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Jaw thrust or modified jaw thrust
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What is taking place in all forms of shock?
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inadequate tissue perfussion
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What is the most reliable indicator of how severe an injury is in trauma?
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The mechanism of injury
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Damage to tissues due to a high speed bullet is known as what?
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cavitation
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What is a physical finding of traumatic asphyxia?
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cyanosis of the head, the upper extremities, and the torso above the level of the compression. SWELLING OF THE TONGUE AND LIPS!!!!
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Fluid replacement for a trauma pt?
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3x the estimated blood loss
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Fluid of choice in trauma?
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Lactated Ringers
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How is traumatic asphyxia most commonly caused?
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Crush injury, forceful compression of the thoracic cavity
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What specifically can a crushing injury cause?
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Compartment syndrome increased pressure within soft tissues
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How do we treat someone with an abdominal evisceration?
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Treat for shock, oxygen, cover organs, w/ moist saline soaked dressings, lactated ringers..DO NOT PUSH ORGONS BACK INTO ABDOMEN
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Pt with JVD, mediastinal shift away from effected area and dypsnea,,what is it?
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Tension Pneumothorax
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how do we deal with explosive injuries?
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Treat Airway, ventilate and oxygenate, stop arterial bleeding and treat closed femur fractures.
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What is commonly injured in blast injuries?
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Large intestines, hollow organs
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What is the pathophysiology of neurogenic shock?
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Spinal cord injury occurs resulting in complete dilation of all vessels below the injury, hence the fluid container of the body just got alot bigger an the normal 5L of blood is no longer sufficient so shock ensues.
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Wht are S/S of neurogenic shock?
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hypotension, bradycardia, lack of sweating below injury.
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What is an early sign of ICP?
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vomiting(without nausea), headache and altered LOC
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What is cushings Triad?
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Alater and ominous sign of ICP, Hypertension,. Bradycardia, and irregular respirations. HYPER BRADY!!!!
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What will a pt`s pupils look like in Cushings Triad and what causes it?
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unilaterally unequal and non-reactive pupil, pressure on the oculomotor nerve. Also posturing(decorticate and Decerebrate)
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bleeding from nose and ear, what do you do?
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allow to drain, it allows decrease of ICP!
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What are the 2 most common forms of death from electrical burn injuries?
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asphyxia and cardiac arrest
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Rule of nines, head-adult?
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9
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Rule of nines, head-child?
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12
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Rule of nines, head infant?
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18
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Rule of nines chest/abdomen, adult, child and infant?
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18
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Rule of nines, arms, adult, child and infant?
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9 a piece
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Rule of nines, legs adult?
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18 a piece
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Rule of nines, legs child?
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16.5 a piece
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Rule of nines, legs infant?
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13.5 a piece
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In an electrical burn injury where will the current be most intense?
answer
at the entrance and exit, causes a bulls eye lesion.
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What is the maximum amount of fluid given to a trauma victim?
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2000-3000 ml
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Unconscious, no response to verbal or painful stimuli, what is this pt`s GCS?
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3
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What is significant about the pathway of an electrical burn and what can it cause?
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It follows the nerve pathways, which can cause V-Fib and more internal then external damage
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What is a AAA?
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurism
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What does a pt with a AAA when symptomatic look like?
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Sudden onset of abdominal or back pain, pain centers on the umbilicus, can radiate to thigh or groin, PT MAY COMPLAIN OF AN URGE TO DEFECATE DUE TO THE LEAKING BLOOD IN THE RETROPERITONEAL SPACE, Look for a pulsatile mass in the abdomen
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How do u treat AAA?
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Get to the hospital!!!!
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Place for needle decompression of Tension Pneumo-thorax?
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14g needle.Mid clavicular between the 2nd and 3rd intercostal space or 4th and 5th of mid axillary
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MVA, HR-120, BP-40 palp, whats happening?
answer
De-compensating Hypovolemic Shock
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Severe Angulated Leg, HR110, BP80/60?
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Hypovolemic shock
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What is Becks Triad?
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It is a sign of Cardiac Tampenade, usually secondary to penetrating chest trauma
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What are the tell tale signs of Becks Triad?
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narrowed Pulse pressure, JVD, Muffled heart Tones, clear lungs
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Flat neck veins, mid-line trachea,DEHYDRATION, HYPOVOLEMIA, dullness on percussion of chest?
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Hemothorax
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With abdominal injuries why palpate the painful quadrant last?
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Once palpated the entire abdomen will hurt
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What does the visceral Pleura cover?
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thin slippery outer lining covers the lungs
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What is the Parietal Pleura?
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Lines the inside of the thoracic cavity, small amount of fluid is between the pleurae, reduces friction during breathing
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What is effusion?
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The escape of fluid into a cavity
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#1 vertebrae, C1-C2, what is it referred to as?
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Atlas or the joint of atlas
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Collapsed steering wheel, what do we look for?
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Flail Chest
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What kind of nerve pathways send signals to the brain?
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Affective Nerve Pathways, Affective=Ascending
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What is the most common organ injured from blunt trauma?
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Liver, RUQ
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Motorcycle crash, 3"lac on head, tachy, Low BP, What is the fluid of choice?
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Normal Saline KVO, do not want to fluid overload should ICP develop.
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What do you not want to give a pt with a closed head injury?
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SUGAR, no D5W, Normal Saline or Lac Rings only.
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Fluid replacement for an adult trauma pt?
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20ml/kg or 3x estimated blood loss
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Whats the universal blood donor?
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O negative, has AB antigens
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Universal Blood recipient?
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AB
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What is the antidote for triciclate antidepressant overdose?
answer
Sodium Bicarb
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Asthma meds?
answer
albuterol 2.5 mg, epi 3-5mg SQ1:1,000
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Collapsed Alveoli with decreased ventilation?
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Atelactasis
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Lack of surfactant?
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Atelactasis
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What are signs and symptoms of respiratory distress?
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Nasal Flaring, tracheal Tugging, Sternomastoid Muscle Use, Intercostal retractions
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When will you see JVD?
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tension pneumo, Rt sided heart failure, tampenade, traumatic asphyxia..increase in portal htn.
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How do we manage a postpartum hemorrhage?
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Pitocin, massage fundus, IV fluids, put baby to breast
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What does pitocin do?
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Increases uterine contractions
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How much does pregnancy increase a womans blood volume?
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40%
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What happens to a womans vitals during pregnancy?
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BP, Cardiac output>, Resp rate>, stroke volume stays the same
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What is released by the pituitary gland?
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oxytocin and ACH
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If bleeding persists from a clamped cord what do we do?
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Clamp again
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Gravida?
answer
number of pregnancies
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Para?
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number of deliveries
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Prima Gravida?
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first pregnancy
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Prima Para?
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Delivery of first child
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What is the normal pregnancy length?
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9 months, 280 days, 40 weeks
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Ectopic pregnancy?
answer
fertilization of egg outside uterus, usually in fallopian tubes
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Umbilical cord?
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2 arteries 1 vein, larger opening
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Mother gives birth 24 hours ago, now sudden onset of SOB, Dypsnea, chest pain, Whats happening?
answer
Pulmonary Embolism
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26 y/o multi gravida w/ prior c sections, tearing pain!!!,Tender rigid uterus, bright red bleeding?
answer
abrupto placenta
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What is abrupto placenta?
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premature seperation of a normally implanted placenta from the wall of the uterus, ocurs during last trimester
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What is Placenta Previa?
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The placenta is implanted to low in the uterus as it grows it blocks the cervical canal. Prevalent in woman over 30.
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S/S of placenta previa?
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Painless vaginal bleeding, bright red, soft and non tender uterus.
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Prolapsed cord?
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Gently insert gloved hand in vagina and relieve pressure on the cord, DO NOT PUSH CORD BACK IN CANAL.
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When is intervention required regarding APGAR score?
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If the score is under 6
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What are the 5 parameters of the APGAR and what is a healthy score?
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Heart rate, resp efort, muscle tone, reflex irratability, color, between 7-10
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Where do you tie clamps to cut the cord?
answer
8"from infants navel with 2 ties, placed 2" apart.
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What is a breech presentation?
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another part of the body leads the way, usually the buttocks, Transport fast!
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When do we do an APGAR?
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1 and 5 mins
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How do we transport and OB pt over 3 months gestation?
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Left Lateral recumbant, take pressure off inferior vena cava.
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22y/o female, severe LRQ, no appetite, with constipation?
answer
Appendicitus
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9 months, seizures from Eclampsia, what is our frontline drug of choice?
answer
Mag Sulfate
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How will Preeclampsia present?
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HTN, Edema, proteinuria, NOT SEIZING
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Eclampsia, whats happening?
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Seizing
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32 y/o woman, excruciating headache while working out and loss consciousness, unresponsive with bilateral dilated pupils?
answer
Cerebral aneurism
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What is a common cause of uterine bleeding in the first trimester?
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Threatening abortion, incomplete abortion, ruptured ectopic pregnancy
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22yo female, RLQ pain, radiating to right shoulder!!!, no menses with spotting?
answer
Ectopic Pregnancy
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When does BP begin to decrease?
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during third trimester
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What is the timeframe for a neonate?
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birth-1 month
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What is a serous membrane covering abdominal organs?
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Visceral
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What is the most common cause of PID?
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Gonorrhea
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Where does decontamination take place in a hazmat situation?
answer
in the yellow or warm zone
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Whats the time frame for CISD?
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72 hours
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What is the highest level of driving referred to as?
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due regard for others
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4 man log roll when stabalizing a pt, whats the medics first step?
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Stabalize C-spine
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EKG, No P-waves, what rhythm?
answer
assume A-fib, SA Node is not the pacemaker
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What is tracheal deviation considered when it comes to tension pneumothorax?
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a late sign
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When do we stop giving the pt procainamide?
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arrhythmia resolved, QRS widens by 50%, P-R interval is prolonged, BP drops greater than 15mm/hg
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P for every QRSm P-R interval is .16s, Pt is cold and clammy w/ BP-70/50, HR-50, Rhythm and treatment?
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Sinus Brady, Pt is having symptomatic bradycardia, increase HR and increase BP. Atropine 0.5mg!
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What does atropine treat?
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bradycardia, asystole, 2nd degree heart block
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V-tach, unconscious, no vitals, what do u do?
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defibrilate 200j, 300j, 360j
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Whats an early sign and symptom of lidocaine toxicity?
answer
muscle twitching, tremors, numbness or tingling
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Major side effect of lidocaine?
answer
Hypotension and Bradycardia
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What part of the brain regulates BP, Resp, and Pulse?
answer
Medulla Oblangata
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What does a calcium channel blocker do?
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decreases HR
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Double sided heart failure will cause what?
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Pulmonary edema
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85y/o woman, headache, dizziness, BP-210/120?
answer
Hypertensive crisis
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What does Epinephrine cause?
answer
increased HR, BP, Myocardial oxygen demand, automaticity. NOT DECREASED SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE.
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What is the definition of automaticity?
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the ability of the heart to generate its own electrical impulses
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Adult female, tachycardic, vitals are within normal limits, how do we treat?
answer
o2 and vagal maneuvers
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When should we intubate a cardiac arrest pt?
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Immediately
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Where does synchronized cardioversion occur on the QRS complex?
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occurs on the R wave
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What is a major side effect of Lasix?
answer
Hypokalemia
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What is ascites?
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Fluid in the abdomen, usually cause of CHF or liver disfunction
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Verapamil Side effects?(Think about what it treats!)
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hypotension, coronary artery dilation, bradycardia
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Pulmonary edema treatment?
answer
Lasix, morphine, Nitro, O2
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What causes CHF?
answer
Left ventricular failure, inability of the blood to be pumped to the body, backs up in the lungs
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WPW with no S/S?
answer
O2
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WPW hemodynamically unstable in PSVT?
answer
adenosine, 6mg, if no change 12mg
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What does adenosine do?
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slows conduction through the AV node, slows all cations
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How do you defibrilate pulseless v-tach?
answer
200j, 300j, 360j
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Hyperkalemia, how do we know?
answer
Peaked T waves
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How does lasix work?
answer
Works in loop of henle, loop diuretic, decreases preload, prevents reabsorbtion of sodium. REDUCE PRELOAD!!
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Acute Myocardial Infarction, whats the treatment?
answer
ASA, Nitro, Morphine
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Beta Stimulation?
answer
Vasodilation, broncho dilation,
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Where do most unstable or lethal ectopic beats originate?
answer
ventricles
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Pt presents with pain in chest, SHEARING OR TEARING IN NATURE, radiates to neck and no pedal pulse.
answer
Aortic Aneurysm
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Pink frothy sputum, cyanosis, rhales, tachycardic?
answer
Pulmonary Edema
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What do adrenal glands secrete?
answer
Epinephrine
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If stroke volume doesnt change but HR decreases?
answer
Then cardiac output decreases as well
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EKG paper, large block?
answer
.20s
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EKG paper, small block?
answer
.04s
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P-R interval greater than .20 s?
answer
first degree heart block
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Normal PR interval for QRS?
answer
.12-.20seconds
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Hypovolemic mom due to blood loss and newborn is delivered, what is the newborn fluid replacement rate?
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10cc/kg(newborn and infant up til 1 year)
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Seal bark, stridor, occurs at night?
answer
Croup, do not lay flat, keep calm,humidified O2
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Life threatening infection, drooling, can not swallow due to pain, HIGH FEVER, can cause upper airway infection in a child
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Epiglotitis
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What is important to remember about opening an infants airway?
answer
do not exaggerate head tilt chin lift, could obstruct breathing passages
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Remember kids are avid nose breathers, this is important with newborns why?
answer
because when suctioning Mouth first, then nose
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SIDS, when does it happen?
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occurs at night, 4-6 months of age
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PH below 7.35?
answer
acidosis
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What will the pt`s PCO2 be in respiratory acidosis?
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greater than 40
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What will the pt`s PCO2 be in respiratory alkalosis?
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PH greater than 7.45, PCO2 will be less than 40
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What are your primary concerns when treating a near drowning victim?
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Manage Hypoxia and Acidosis
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What is the benefit of an NPO?
answer
can be used on pt`s with a gag reflex and its rapidly inserted
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What is a contraindication of an NPO?
answer
Basilar Skull fracture, Look for battle signs or raccoon eyes
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Intubated pt, sounds heard only on the right, what do you do?
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Pull back on the tube slightly, and listen again, could have been right mainstem.
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Curved mac blade placement?
answer
Between epiglotis and base of tongue
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Miller straight blade Placement?
answer
Lifts epiglotis
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Thin shaped valve, covers trachea?
answer
epiglotis
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Cricoid stick, what is the landmark?
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cricoid cartilage or depression inferior to adams apple
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What is a term we use to describe stiffness of airflow with minimal resistance?
answer
Compliance, bag compliance
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In what pt`s do we see Kussmaul resps?
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Rapid breathing associated with DKA
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What is a complication of BVM?
answer
Abdominal Distention, pushes diaphragm down, leads to vomiting
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Define Libel
answer
malicious writing
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Define slander
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malicious spoken
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Whats a good way to avoid anaphylactic reaction when interviewing a pt?
answer
Ask what are you allergic to
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What are the established policies and procedures of an EMS system?
answer
protocols
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What are written medical orders via an EMS physician referred to as?
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standing orders
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proper distance for an LZ?
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100x100
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When driving lights and sirens on a four lane highway, which lane do you use and why?
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left lane so traffic can move to the right
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Define frequency
answer
How frequently a wave recurs in a given time(usually 1 second)
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What is VHF?
answer
Very High frequency band-30-175MHZ
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What is UHF?
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Ultra High frequency band-300-3,000MHZ
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What is meant by the term Trunking?
answer
It means that multiple agencies or systems can share frequencies
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Name a controlled substance that does not produce constricted pupils?
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Valium
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What does produce constricted pupils?
answer
heroin, demerol, organophosphates
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Whats a major problem with catherters thru the needle system?
answer
Catheter embolus
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What is our first compensatory mechanism to maintain Homeostasis?
answer
Bicarbonate buffer, then resp and renal
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What is the movement of gas from a higher concentration to lower concentration?
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Diffusion
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movement of water across a membrane?
answer
Osmosis
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Decreased 02 in blood?
answer
hypoxemia
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Decreased 02 in lungs?
answer
hypoxia
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How do you correct resp acidosis?
answer
Hyperventilation of a patient
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Major extracellular cation
answer
sodium(sweat tastes salty on the skin)
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Major intracellular cation
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potassium
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Normal stimulus to breathe
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increased PACO2, arterial
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PH above 7.45?
answer
alkalosis
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Whats the normal cardiac output per 1 heartbeat?
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500ml
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Adult pulse rate?
answer
60-100
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What is intrinsic ventricular firing rate?
answer
20-40
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What is significant about heat stroke as opposed to heat exhaustion and how do we treat?
answer
In heat stroke there will be NO SWEATING. aggressive cooling methods and 2 IV`s wide open.
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TB s/s?
answer
weakness, weight loss, night sweats, fever, SOB, heoptsis
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What deficiencies will a pt have from a fresh water drowning?
answer
electrolyte imbalance, hypoxia w/ resp acidosis
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What is the term used to describe divers who make fast ascents and what symptoms do they have?
answer
decompression sickness, joint pain, tingling in legs and abdominal pain
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Hot, dry skin, NO SWEATING, pt is 106 degrees and unconscious?
answer
heat stroke
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same pt, awake and profuse sweating?
answer
heat exhaustion
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Leg cramps from lactic acid accumulation in heat?
answer
heat cramps
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What organ of the lymphatic system resides in the LUQ of the abdomen?
answer
spleen
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pt vomiting green/yellow bile from eating an excessively fatty meal?
answer
Choleosystitis
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Where is bile produced and stored?
answer
produced in liver and stored in gall bladder
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What does the occipital lobe produce?
answer
vision
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What does the optic nerve do?
answer
transmits sight from back of eye to the brain
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What is referred to as the master gland and what does it do?
answer
Pituitary Gland, secretes oxytocin and ACH
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Ductless hormones release directly into the bloodstream
answer
endocrine
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duct glands, excrete directly through epithelial cells(sweat and salivary)
answer
exocrine
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How long after an alcoholic stops drinking do DT`s usually take place?
answer
48-72hrs, chronic ETOH abuse
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How do we transport a scuba diver?
answer
Left Lateral recumbent
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What is the most common route of poisoning?
answer
ingestion
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TCI overdose?
answer
Sodium Bicarb
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Benzodiazepine overdose?
answer
flumazenil
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Weak rapid pulse, bizarre behavior, cool, clammy, slurred speech? and how do we treat?
answer
hypoglycemia, not polyuria, 25 grams dextrose in 50-ml of saline, 12.5g for a child
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When do you see kussmauls respirations?
answer
DKA, deep and gasping
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A patient has all the signs and symptoms of DKA except kussmaul resps and no fruity odor, what is it?
answer
HHNK, osmotic diuresis with no keytones being burned for energy
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How is JVD best evaluated?
answer
45 degree angle, semi fowlers
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A thrombus that forms in the deep veins of the legs that travels to the pulmonary artery?
answer
pulmonary embolis
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One of the most common kinds of maternal death
answer
Pulmonary embolism, think recent delivery of a child, sharp chest pain, PE.
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When you radio a physician what is one thing you are not permitted to say over the radio?
answer
The patients name
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What are the standards governing a group of people or a profession?
answer
ethics
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An example of indirect medical control is?
answer
standing orders
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In an ambulance crash what will the court try to prove?
answer
lack of due regard
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In patients with hypoxic drive, COPD what is there stimulus to breathe?
answer
decreased O2 levels
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Skin Pallor, vasoconstriction or vasodilation??
answer
vasoconstriction causes this condition
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upper airway sound with inspiratory difficulty?
answer
stridor
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Lower airway sound with whistle on inspiration
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wheezing
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Fluid or mucous in large airway?
answer
rhonchi
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seal bark
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croup, stridor
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fluid heard popping in lower airway
answer
rhales
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Poor bag compliance seen in what pts?
answer
sucking chest wounds, tension pneumo thorax
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what is a classic sign of anaphylaxis besides facial swelling?
answer
HYPOTENSION
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fever, rhonchi, hot dry skin, NO PEDAL EDEMA
answer
pneumonia
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SOB, Barrel chest, thin pursed lip breathing indicating there having a difficult time expelling breathes.
answer
emphysema
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Coughing up pink tinged sputum, sign of what?
answer
left sided heart failure, CHF
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patients with emphysema, what kind of O2 treatment should they receive?
answer
Nasal cannula or venturri mask
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What is hemoglobin responsible for?
answer
transport and delivery of O2
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Define Cor Pulmonale?
answer
Right sided heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease
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21 yo,chest pain after coughing
answer
spontaneous pneumo
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What is difficulty breathing while laying down referred to as?
answer
orthopnea, sit them up
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How do we check neurological function of a pt?
answer
does he or she follow commands, PUPIL RESPONSE, grip strength
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What would a severed C4 cause?
answer
total paralysis of motor and resp
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pt`s with suspected ICP, how dow we treat?
answer
hyperventilate and mannitol
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What is the cerebellum responsible for?
answer
balance, coordination and motor thought
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What does the cerebrum control?
answer
thought, intelligence and higher thought
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Seizures without regaining consciousness and 2 additional seizures?
answer
status epilepticus
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What is the best place for IV canalization to avoid joints
answer
forearm
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What is involved in a central line and what should be cannulated instead?
answer
Internal jugular, femoral and subclavian,, attempt external jugular first
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60 mg equals how many grains?
answer
1
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child whom feels like bells are ringing in his head, and he is hyperventilating?
answer
aspirin overdose
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What is the single indicator of neonatal distress?
answer
bradycardia
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How do you treat a child playing with dry ice?
answer
immerse in warm water
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What is the first line drug for pediatric bradycardia?
answer
O2
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#1 cause for pediatric arrest
answer
resp arrest
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What is the proper location for IO placement?
answer
proximal tibia, below tibial tuberosity
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Hr less than 60 in an infant?
answer
compressions
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When are PPV given to an infant?
answer
HR less than 100
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Define battery?
answer
when the ems provider touches another person(pt) without his or her consent.(kicking the persons teeth in)
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Define assualt?
answer
when the ems provider instills the fear of bodily harm upon the pt. (Im going to kick your teeth in)
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Bright red bleeding, cramping in 1st trimester?
answer
spontaneous abortion
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Define antepartum hemorrhage?
answer
hemorrhage before delivery
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Signs and symptoms of heart failure?
answer
enlarged liver, JVD, Edema
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define a simplex system?
answer
portable units can only transmit in one mode(voice or telemetry) or receive voice at any given time.
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define duplex system?
answer
a network that uses 2 different frequencies at the same time. Simultaneous transmission or reception.
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define multiplex system?
answer
combine 2 or more signals such as the paramedics voice and telemetry.
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what rhythms need to be defibrillated as soon as possible
answer
V-fib, pulseless V-tach
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What if cardiac arrest is unwitnessed and CPR is not in progress?
answer
CPR for at least 2mins, before delivering first shock
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you start an IV and notice catheter shear, what do you do?
answer
lift arm, aspirate, remove and start over
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Intrinsic rate of the sino-atrial?
answer
60-100
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Which is an isotonic solution, 0.9%NS or 0.45%NS?
answer
0.9% Normal Saline not plasma or D5W
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What will a positive inotropic medication do?
answer
increase contractility
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What will a positive chronotropic drug do?
answer
increase Heart Rate
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What kind of effect will a dromotropic drug have?
answer
a drug that alters velocity of conduction
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Which snakes venom is mostly neurotoxins?
answer
coral snake
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Mental pt, with a history of mental illness is saying strange things that are not normal, what should you do?
answer
encourage her to share her feelings
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Woman with a history of asthma, what should your first drug be?
answer
Oxygen
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What kind of angina would a man have after playing basketball and vigorous exercise?
answer
stable angina, predictable chest pain following exercise that will right itself
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after 3 stacked shocks and no pulse on apt in Vfib, what is the next process?
answer
CPR, Epi, shock, Lidocaine(or amioderone)
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What does a pt lose when they experience a burn?
answer
Plasma
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Most common time of death during sudden onset MI?
answer
2-3 hours after onset of symptoms(1-2 if on answer key)
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What do we not want to give a stroke pt?
answer
fluid bolus
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20 y/o male sitting watching a football game becomes unconscious, awakes with a stiff neck, hot skin, and a rash?
answer
meningitis, stiff neck dead give away
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What does glucagon do?
answer
it is a hormone secreted by islets of langerhans, its a starch form of sugar to raise blood glucose levels when they fall. STIMULATES LIVER TO CHANGE GLYCOGEN INTO SUGAR AND SECRETE IT INTO THE BLOOD STREAM FOR ENERGY.
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What are the medication routes from slowest to fastest?
answer
PO, SQ, IM, IV/IO
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How many ml are delivered from a 60gtts/ml set at 20gtts/min after 30 min?
answer
20x30=600, 600/60=10 10
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Which is not a vector of hepatitis, blood, semen, saliva or feces??
answer
SALIVA?
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What is a major neuro change chategorized by?
answer
change in mental status
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How does an elderly Pt mask an MI?
answer
They have a decreased sensation to pain
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How do we adjust an unconscious pt`s airway that we removed from a pool and put in a C-Collar?
answer
Modified Jaw Thrust, considered a trauma pt
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Pt with burn injury, why are they hypovolemic?
answer
Fluid moves from into interstitial tissue
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Proper meds for CHF?
answer
02, Morphine sulfate, lasix and Nitro
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Why would you administer morphine to a pt with a PE?
answer
Vasodilation
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You start an IV, attach cardiac monitor, admin 02, and contact med control, what are you doing?
answer
Following protocol
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What would we consider a central line?
answer
Internal Jugular
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What does HR do late in de-compensating shock?
answer
less then normal, there will be a narrowing of the pulse pressures
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how do we treat a pt with frostbite?
answer
re-warm the injured part with body heat, do not massage, keep away from a heater, do not use radiant or dry heat
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What is twitching of the eyes?
answer
nystag-mus
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Wht type of seizure involves muscle contraction and relaxation?
answer
Grand Mal
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What is the normal width of the QRS?
answer
.12s
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Where does the curved blade go when using a macintosh tipped laryngoscope blade?
answer
The tip of the curved blade is placed in the vallecula(the space between the epiglottis and base of the tongue)
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Low BP, Tachy, pale cool moist skin, crackles heard in the lungs, what kind of shock?
answer
cardiogenic
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Low bp, tachy, pale cool moist skin, lungs are CLEAR, what kind of shock?
answer
hypovolemic
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Low BP, Bradycardic, flushed dry warm skin, clear lung sounds, what kind of shock?
answer
neurogenic
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Low BP, Tachy, flushed warm moist skin, wheezing to no lung sounds heard, what kind of shock?
answer
anaphylactic
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Low BP, Tachy, pale, Hot moist skin, possible crackles heard, what kinf of shock?
answer
Septic
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What is the most common cause of cardiogenic shock?
answer
extensive infarction of the left ventricle, diffuse ischemia, decompensated heart failure.
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What type of shock can long bone or pelvic fractures cause?
answer
exogenous hypovolemic shock
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dehydration, burn injury, crush injury, what type of shock?
answer
endogenous hypovolemic shock, the fluid loss is contained within the body
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Where do we listen to lung sounds?
answer
we listen anterior and posterior
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Pd has secured the scene, and advised you that you have 6 injuries, what do you do upon arriving at the scene?
answer
Start Triage
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How does gas exchange in the body take place?
answer
diffusion
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What is it when water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high concentration through a permeable membrane?
answer
Osmosis
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What is the movement of water and a dissolved substance from an area of high pressure to low pressure?
answer
Filtration
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What is a good indication for a nasal intubation?
answer
Gag reflex intact
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How do we measure size of a pediatric ETT tube?
answer
size of the pt little finger
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Severe abdominal pain, bleeding, 3rd trimester?
answer
Abrupto placenta
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no pain, bleeding, 3rd trimester?
answer
Placenta previa
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Pt found with an angulated right leg, AMS, BP-80/50, HR-130, what kind of shock?
answer
Hypovolemic, femur fracture, internal bleeding, low BP, Tachy
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23y/o male, asymptomatic pneumo, no BS on left side, all vitals within normal, how do we treat?
answer
Just transport, NO DECOMPRESSION
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