First Aid, CPR, and AED American Red Cross Certification – Flashcards

CPR

Cell death

AED

1)Check 2)Call 3)Care

At 12 years old.

PPE

S

A

M

P

L

E

1)Head and Neck 2)Shoulders 3)Chest and Abdomen 4)Hips 5)Legs and Feet 6)Arms and Hands and Back

Signs and symptoms vary from person. Women usually experience less severe symptoms than men. Their skin may be ashy or pale. Chest pain and a feeling of chest tightness is common. Many feel anxious or exhausted

1)Emergency Action Steps 2)Tap and Shout and check for breathing 3)Call 911 or the designated emergency number 4)CPR 5)Defibrillation

1)Prevention of injuries that could cause cardiac arrest 2)Emergency Action Steps 3)Tap and Shout and check for breathing 4)CPR 5)Call 911 or the designated emergency number

Heel of one hand on the center of chest, other hand's fingers laced on top. Shoulders should be directly over your hands

1)30 chest compressions using both hands (push 1-1.5 inches for a child with one hand) then allow the chest to return to its normal position. Push hard and fast at a rate of about 100-120 compressions per minute. 2)Then give 2 rescue breaths. 3)Repeat this process until there is an obvious sign of life. Or an AED is ready to be used and there are no other trained responders available. Or you have completed 5 sets and another trained responder is able to switch. Or you have completed 5 sets on a child and you are alone, then call 911 or the designated emergency number. Or an EMS personnel takes over. Or you are alone and too tired to continue. Or the scene becomes unsafe

1)Place a breathing barrier over the person's nose and mouth 2)Open the airway by putting one hand on the forehead and two fingers of the bony part of the chin and tilt the head back to a pass-neutral position for an adult, a slightly pass-neutral position for a child, and a neutral position for an infant 3)Pinch the nose (or put your mouth over the mouth and nose for an infant) 4) Take a normal breath, making a complete seal over the person's mouth with your mouth 5)Blow for about one second (or blow only slightly for an infant) and look to make sure the chest rises

1) Place two fingers just below the nipple line with your hand closest to the infant's feet. Hold the infant's head in a neutral position with the other hand (the one farthest from the infant's feet) 2) Give 30 chest compressions by pushing down hard and fast at about 1-1.5 inches down them letting the chest return to normal at a rate of about 100-120 per minute 3) Give 2 rescue breaths by putting the infant's head back with two fingers on the bony part of the chin and the other hand on the forehead and putting the head to a neutral position. Make a seal over the infant's nose and mouth with your mouth. Blow for one second while making sure the chest rises. Give another breath 4) Repeat this process until there is an obvious sign of life. Or an AED is ready to be used and there are no other trained responders available. Or you have completed 5 sets and another trained responder is able to switch. Or you have completed 5 sets on the infant and you are alone, then call 911 or the designated emergency number. Or an EMS personnel takes over. Or you are alone and too tired to continue. Or the scene becomes unsafe

1) Try again 2) Immediately begin the next set of chest compressions 3) Check for a stuck object and remove it with a finger sweep 4) Give two rescue breaths and continue with CPR

Use your index finger for an adult and use your little finger for a child or an infant

1) Remove all clothing covering chest and make sure the chest is dry (If multiple responders are present have one administer CPR as AED is being set up) 2) Place one pad on the upper right side of the chest and the other below the left arm pit (use pediatric pads and key on anyone weighing less than 55 pounds or anyone less than 8 years old. If none available, adult pads can be used on a child). If the pads touch on a child or infant put one on the center of the chest and one on the back in between the shoulder blades 3) Plug in the AED (if necessary) 4) Shout "CLEAR" and stay clear of body as the AED analyzes the heart's rhythm and shout "CLEAR" if shock is advised 5) Deliver shock (if advised) KEEP YOUR HANDS OFF THE VICTIM AS THE SHOCK IS ADMINISTERED 6) Continue CPR until an obvious sign of life or an EMS personal takes over

.Confusion .Surprise .Panic .Holding neck with one or both hands .Coughing .High-pitched noises

1) Ask them if they are choking 2) Ask for consent 3) Encourage them to keep coughing if possible 4) Ask someone to call 911 or the designated emergency number as you begin to administer first aid 5) Position your self slightly to the side of the person and bend them slightly over at the waist so the victim's upper body is as parallel to the ground as possible (you may need to kneel if helping a child) 6) Give 5 back blows (striking the person in between the shoulder blades with the back of your hand) 7) Stand with one foot underneath the victim's body and one behind it and put two fingers on the victim's navel and make a fist above that hand with another hand against the victim's stomach. Then cover the above hand with the below hand. Give 5 abdominal thrusts pulling inward and upward 8) Repeat until the object is forced out and the person can cough forcefully, speak, or breathe. Or the victim becomes unresponsive 9) If the victim becomes unresponsive send someone to call 911 or the designated emergency number (if not already done), lower the victim to a firm, flat surface, and begin CPR

1) See if they are crying 2) Ask for consent from a guardian (if present) 3) Ask someone to call 911 or the designated emergency number as you begin to administer first aid 4) Place your forearm along the infant's back, cradling the back of their head with your hand. Place your other hand over the front of their neck. Be careful not to cover the infant's mouth 5) Lower the infant onto your thigh so that their head is below their chest 6) Give the infant 5 back blows (in between their shoulder blades) 7) Turn the infant over so they are facing up with their head lower than their chest 8) Give 5 chest thrusts by placing two fingers in the center of the infant's chest just below the nipple line (push down only about 1-1.5 inches then let the chest return to normal) 9) Continue until the object is forced out and the infant can cough forcefully, cry, or breathe. Or the infant becomes unresponsive

People with asthma may have trouble breathing when exposed with certain substances or conditions called triggers. Triggers cause the airways to swell and become narrower. Some common triggers are... .Exercise .Temperature extremes .Air pollution .Strong odors .Respiratory infections .Allergies .Stress

.Wheezing or coughing .Rapid or shallow breathing .Trouble breathing .Being unable to talk without breathing every few words .anxiety and fear .Sweating

1) Tell the victim to use as prescribed quick relief medication (if available) 2) Call 911 or the designated emergency number if the victim's breathing does not improve withing 5-15 minutes of taking the medication or the person becomes unresponsive 3) Monitor the person's condition until their breathing becomes normal or help arrives

A severe allergic reaction that can develop within seconds or minutes of being exposed to an allergy trigger or allergen. Signs and symptoms include .Trouble-breathing .Shock .Skin reaction (itchiness, hives or swelling) .Swelling of the face, neck tongue, or lips .Nausea .Cramping .Vomiting .Diarrhea A combination of any two of the above signs or symptoms and a suspected exposure to an allergen means anaphylaxis.

.Extreme thirst .Changes in level of consciousness .Cool, moist skin .Weak, rapid heartbeat

1)Have someone call 911 or the designated emergency number immediately (if not alone) If you are alone CARE FIRST 2)If the victim has a prescribed epinephrine auto-injector help them use it 3)While waiting for help to arrive make sure that the person is sitting in a comfortable position or have the person lie down if they are showing signs of shock 4)Provide reassurance 5)If the person's symptoms are not getting any better 5-10 minutes after the first dose from an epinephrine auto-injector and emergency responders have not arrived help the person administer a second dose if another epinephrine auto-injector is available

Face: Is there unevenness or drooping on one side? Arms: Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward or appear to be weak? Speech: Ask the person to repeat a simple sentence. Does the person have trouble speaking or are their word's slurred? Time: If the person has any symptoms of a stroke note the time the symptoms appeared and call 911 or the designated emergency number immediately!

1)Cover the wound with a sterile gauze or pad and apply direct pressure till the bleeding stops 2)If the blood soaks through, add another pad or gauze to apply more direct pressure. It may take a few minutes for bleeding to stop 3)If the bleeding does not stop call 911 or the designated emergency number if you have not already done so DO NOT remove any gauze pads. Monitor for symptoms of shock 4)Once the bleeding is controlled monitor for circulation beyond the wound and note the color and temperature of the skin and ask the person if there is any tingling or numbness 5)Bandage the wound by placing the bandage on the dressing at a 45 degree angle and continue wrapping the bandage over the dressing and finish covering the dressing then split (without cutting) the remaining bandage and half and tie the ends in a bow or knot 6)Check again for circulation and if there is an issue, make the bandage more loss 7) Remove gloves and wash hands

Comfort the child as you doing the following... 1)Cover the wound with a sterile gauze or pad and apply direct pressure till the bleeding stops 2)If the blood soaks through, add another pad or gauze to apply more direct pressure. It may take a few minutes for bleeding to stop 3)If the bleeding does not stop call 911 or the designated emergency number if you have not already done so DO NOT remove any gauze pads. Monitor for symptoms of shock 4)Once the bleeding is controlled monitor for circulation beyond the wound and note the color and temperature of the skin and ask the person if there is any tingling or numbness 5)Bandage the wound by placing the bandage on the dressing at a 45 degree angle and continue wrapping the bandage over the dressing and finish covering the dressing then split (without cutting) the remaining bandage and half and tie the ends in a bow or knot 6)Check again for circulation and if there is an issue, make the bandage loss 7) Remove gloves and wash hands

Should be used when life-threatening bleeding exists on on arm or leg and standard first aid procedures fail or are not practical. 1)Tell the person why you are using the tourniquet and warn them it might be painful 2)Place the tourniquet on the limb approximately two inches above the wound and avoid placing the tourniquet over a joint 3)Wrap the tag end through the buckle or attach the quick connect buckle and tighten till the flow of bright, red blood stops and place the rod in place 4)If bleeding resumes or is ineffective apply direct pressure and tighten the tourniquet but DO NOT REMOVE IT 5)Note the time you applied the tourniquet and give the information to EMS personal when they arrive 6)Continue to care and monitor for shock until EMS personal arrive

Can be caused by extreme heat, chemicals, radiation, or electricity. They can appear red, brown, black, or white. You may see swelling, blisters, or both. 1)Stop: Eliminate the cause of the burn if it is safe to do so 2)Pour cool or cold water on the burn for at least 10 minutes 3)Cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing Burns that blister or break the skin should be evaluated by a medical professional. To decide whether a burn warrants calling 911 or the designated emergency personnel look at the following... 1)What caused the burn? (If electricity, chemicals, radiation, or explosion) 2)How deep is the burn? 3)How much of the person's body is burned? (If a large area or several places) 4)Where is the burn located? (If hands, feet, groin, or head) 5)How old is the person? (If younger than 5 or older than 60 unless the burn is very minor)

Can occur anytime a person experiences a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body that causes the head to move violently. Signs and symptoms include... .Headache .Blurred or double-vision .Sensitivity to light or noise .Problems with balance .Nausea or vomiting .Inability to think or recall .Changes in mood .Changes in behavior If you suspect the person may have a concussion have them stop what they are doing and follow up with a doctor .

Caused by over-exposure to heat and the loss of fluids and electrolytes. In order from least-severe to most-severe... .Heat cramps -Effect muscle of the legs or abdomen 1)Move the person to a cool area and have them sip a drink containing carbohydrates and electrolytes give preferably a sports drink (if not available give coconut water, milk, or water) 2)Lightly stretch or massage the muscle 3)When okay, the person can usually resume the activity 4)Encourage them to hydrate and monitor them for any other symptoms of heat related illness .Heat exhaustion -The person's skin will be cool and moist and possibly flushed, ashen, or pale. They may complain of a headache, nausea, dizziness, and weakness 1)Move the person to a cool area with circulating air 2)Loosen their clothing as much as possible 3)Cool their body with cold towels, spraying with cool water, etc. 4)Offer preferably a sports drink (if not available give coconut water, milk, or water) and encourage them to take small sips 5)If the person's condition worsens, call 911 or the designated emergency number The person should not resume activity for several hours .Heat stroke This condition is LIFE-THREATENING! The person will have mental status changes such as confusion, loss of consciousness, or trouble seeing. They may vomit or have a seizure. Their skin will be hot or dry or wet or red. Their breathing may be shallow and their heartbeat may be weak. 1)Call 911 or the designated emergency number immediately 2)Immerse the person in cold water up to their neck if is safe 3)Place ice-water towels over the body or and place ice bags over the towels (if possible). Do so for at least 20 minutes, or the person's condition improves, or EMS personal arrives

Should only be used when you need to transport the person and it does not cause more pain. Apply splints above and below the injury and leave the body part in the position it was found

Use an un-injured body part

Use pillows or blankets

Support shoulders or arms

Immobilize

.A child you did not see collapse .Choking .A person with an allergic reaction who has an epinephrine auto-injector .Life-threatening bleeding