First Aid & CPR 2nd set – Flashcards
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If the victim has trouble breathing after you have sealed a sucking chest wound, you should:
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remove the seal to let air escape, and then reapply
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To prevent pneumonia in a chest-injury victim, the first aider should encourage the victim to
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take deep breaths and cough at least hourly
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What is the primary symptom of fractured ribs?
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pain
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What can be used to stabilize fractured ribs?
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a soft object, such as a pillow
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Which symptom commonly accompanies a pelvis injury? a. severe pain b. shock c. Massive internal blood loss d. all of the above
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all of the above
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What can a first aider do to stabilize the chest of a flail chest victim?
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apply hand pressure and place the victim on the injured side
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If an impaled object is penetrating the chest, the first aider should:
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stabilize the object
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How do you care for a sucking chest wound?
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leave the wound uncovered
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If an object has penetrated the abdominal wall, you should: a. not remove the object b. stabilize the object in place c. control bleeding by placing bulky dressings around the object d. all of the above
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all of the above
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For an abdominal wound in which organs protrude, you should:
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cover the organs with a moist, sterile dressing
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How should a first aider treat a victim with a pelvis injury? a. treat for shock b. pad between the thighs, then tie the knees and ankles together c. keep the victim on a firm surface d. all of the above
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all of the above
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The two classifications for fractures are:
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open or closed
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With an open fracture, the skin is:
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broken or damaged
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If the fracture results in the bone protruding through the skin, it would be considered an
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open fracture
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A fracture which cuts across the bone at right angles to it long axis is called:
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transverse
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When the fracture line crosses the bone in a slanting direction, it is called:
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oblique
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A fracture in which the bone is fragmented into more than two pieces is called:
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comminuted
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What mnemonic can be used to identify signs and symptoms of a fracture?
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DOTS
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Most fractures:
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seldom present an immediate threat to life
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First aid for fractures includes: a. checking breathing b. treating for shock c. looking at and feeling the injured site d. all of the above
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all of the above
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What injury results when a joint comes apart and stays apart?
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dislocation
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First aid for dislocations includes which of the following? a. checking CSM b. splinting the joint c. using RICE procedures d. all of the above
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all of the above
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What should be used to keep swelling out of a joint?
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an ice pack
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Fractures, dislocations, and sprains are all initially treated with:
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an ice pack
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A _______ results when the muscle is stretched beyond its normal range of motion.
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strain
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The recommended treatment for muscle strains is:
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RICE
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The mnemonic DOTS can help you remember
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how to examine an area
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The "rule of thirds" is helpful when checking the victim for ___ injuries.
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extremity
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When using the "rule of thirds" when examining an extremity:
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the bone is divided into thirds
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The first aider should consider the _____ of injury (MOI) in evaluating the possibility of a fracture and its location.
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mechanism
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What injury results when a joint is torn or stretched?
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sprain
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Bruising of the tissue is considered a"
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contusion
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A _______ results when bones are displaced from their normal joint alignment.
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dislocation
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A ______ results when there are breaks in the bone.
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fracture
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Inflammation of a tendon from overuse is called:
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tendonitis
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Tendinitis usually results from
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continuous overuse
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Tennis elbow is an inflammation of the ____ on the outher side of the elbow.
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tendons
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Golfer's Elbow is an inflammation of the ____ on the inside of the elbow.
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tendons
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Suspect a fracture of the forearm if pain occurs when the victim rotates the palm:
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up and down
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A lumplike deformity on the back of the wrist, along with pain, tenderness, and swelling can indicate:
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a fractured wrist
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How many bones make up each finger?
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3
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The painful pressure caused by accumulation of blood uner a fingernail or toenail can be relieved by:
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melting a hole through the nail with a red-hot paper clip
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A ring that is stuck on a finger can be removed by: a. lubrication with a slippery substance b. winding thread around the finger going toward the ring c. spraying glass cleaner onto the finger d. all of the above
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all of the above
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A hip fracture is a fracture of:
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the upper end of the femur
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Which bone is the largest bone in the body?
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the femur
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A Charley horse is an injury of the :
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thigh muscle
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Which of the following are signs and symptoms of a knee dislocation?
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grotesque deformity
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An ankle injury typically heals within ______.
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4 to 6 weeks
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Most ankle sprains are caused by the ankle having turned or twisted:
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inward
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During the first 24 to 48 hours after an ankle injury, the victim should:
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use RICE treatment
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To use a contrast bath, submerge the ankle for _____ minutes in cold water then submerge for ____ minutes in warm water.
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1,4
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Once the initial swelling has decreased, discontinue immobilization of the injured ankle and begin:
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range -of-motion exercises
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Using the mnemonic RICE to treat ankle injuries, the "R" stands for:
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rest
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Using the mnemonic RICE to treat ankle injuries, the "E" stands for:
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Elevation
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When applying compression to an injured ankle the first aider should use:
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an elastic roller bandage
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What width size elastic bandage is most appropriate for an injury of the ankle, knee, and leg?
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4 - inch
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An elastic bandage should be worn continuously for ___ to __ hours.
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18 to 24
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How long should the injured part be elevated?
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for the first 24 hours
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Repeated arm movement, as in many of the throwing sports (e.g., baseball) often results in painful:
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tendinitis
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Tennis elbow results from sharp, quick twists of the
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wrist
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The pain from a sprained finger will be ___ of the injured joint.
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directly over the side
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If a splinter enters the skin under the nail and breaks off flush, it can be removed by:
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cutting a v-shaped notch in the nail and grasping the end of the splinter with the tweezers.
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Which of the following describe signs and symptoms of a fractured hip? a. sever pain b. the leg appears shortened c. the leg is rotated with the toes pointing abnormally outward d. all of the above
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all of the above
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Which of the following are signs of a broken tibia? a. sever deformity b. open fracture c. sever pain d. all of the above.
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all of the above
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A devise used to stabilize a fracture or a dislocation is called:
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a splint
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A traction splint should only be used on a broken _____.
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femur
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The process of pulling the limb back in perfect alignment is called:
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reduction
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For a fracture of the ____ third of a bone, stabilize the joints above and below the fracture.
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middle
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If the victim has a possible spine injury as well as an extremity injury:
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splint the spine first by stabilization
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Which injury would require medical attention? a. a "snap, crackle, or pop" was heard at the time of injury b. the injured area becomes hot, tender, swollen, or painful c. the victim is unable to walk or bear weight after an ankle or knee injury d. all of the above
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all of the above
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When applying an arm sling, the injured arm's hand should be placed in a ___ position in the sling, and above the level or the elbow.
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thumb -up
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Fractures of the humerus should be stabilized using:
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rigid splint
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When splinting the forearm, keep the victim's thumb
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turned upright
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What position should the hand be placed when splinting the wrist, hand, and fingers?
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position of function
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When splinting the wrist, hand, and fingers, keep the victims thumb:
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turned upwright
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A fractured femur is best splinted with a
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traction splint
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Always stabilize an injured knee in which position?
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in the position found
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Because it is difficult to determine a heart attack, the general rule to follow if a heart attack is suspected is to:
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seek medical attention at once
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The chest discomfort from a heart attack may also be accompanied by: a. shortness of breath b. sweating c. nausea d. all of the above
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all of the above
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If chest discomfort lasts more than ____ minute(s), assume that the victim is having a heart attack.
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10
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Proper first aid for a heart attack includes: a. calling the EMS b. going to the nearest hospital with 24-hour emergency cardiac care c. monitoring the ABCs d. all of the above
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all of the above
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Risk factors for heart disease that cannot be changed include:
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heredity
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Nitroglycerin should be administered when the victim is:
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sitting or lying down
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Chest pain that happens when the heart muscle does not get as much blood as it needs is called:
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angina pectoris
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Chest pain accompanied by cough, fever, and production of sputum is a sign of:
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pneumonia
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A stroke is also known as
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cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
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What is the most common type of stroke?
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ischemic
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Stroke can be thought of as a
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brain attack
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A person who suddenly has trouble talking, understanding speech, and has a weakness along one side of the body is probably experiencing
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stroke
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The mnemonic PEARL is helpful in identifying victims of:
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stroke
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Airway obstruction, airway inflammation, and overly sensitive airways are all components of:
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asthma
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Coughing, cyanosis, wheezing, and inability to speak in complete sentences without pausing for breath are all signs of:
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asthma
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Signs and symptoms of hyperventilation include which of the following? a. dizziness or lightheadedness b. shortness of breath c. breathing rates faster than 40 per minute d. all of the above
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all of the above
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The bronci of the lungs become thick, are unable to stretch, and are partially blocked in cases of:
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chronic bronchitis
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Psychogenic shock is also known as:
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fainting
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Fainting is a sudden, brief loss of consciousness due to:
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interruption of blood flow to the brain
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A seizure is the result of:
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abnormal stimulation of the brain's cells
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Which type of seizures usually occur in children and are rarely an emergency?
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petit mal seizures
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A victim of a seizure should be placed:
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on their left side
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First aid for a seizure victim includes:
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cushioning the victim's head
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Type 1 diabetes, or juvenile-onset, is also known as
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insulin dependent
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Type 2 diabetes, or adult -onset, is also known as
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non - insulin dependent
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Type ____ diabetics require external insulin to allow sugar to pass from the blood into the cells.
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1
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Type ___ diabetics are not dependent upon external insulin to allow sugar to pass from the blood into the cells.
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2
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What kind of diabetes develops among some pregnant women?
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gestational diabetes
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Too much ___ and not enough ___ leads to low blood sugar.
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insulin, sugar
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Too much ___ and not enough ___ leads to high blood sugar.
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sugar, insulin
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Insulin shock results from too much ___ and not enough ____.
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insulin, sugar
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Very low blood sugar is called
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hypoglycemia
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Vomiting and diarrhea pose a particular risk for:
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dehydration
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How should diarrhea be treated?
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give the victim clear fluids
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When should you seek medical attention for diarrhea? a. if the victim has a fever b. if the victim has not improved after 24 hours c. if the victim has blood stools d. all of the above
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all of the above
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The initial care of a conscious stroke victim should include positioning the victim:
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on his/her back withhead and shoulders slightly elevated
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First aid for a stroke victim should include:
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checking the ABCs
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The best position for a victim of an asthma attack is usually:
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tripod position
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What position should the swallowed - poison victim be placed in?
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on his/her left side
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Which of the following statements concerning swallowed poisoning is correct?
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no product is effective in treating most or all poisons
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If the intoxicated person is lying down, place him or her:
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on his/her left side
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Uppers stimulate which system of the body?
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central nervous system
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Which of the following substances account for the largest category of poisoning exposures?
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prescription and nonprescription durgs
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Downers depress which system of the body?
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central nervous system
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Marijuana has what effect on the body
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provides a feeling of relaxation and euphoria
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Opiates have what effect on the body?
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relive pain and anxiety
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Which is the proper first aid for someone who has taken an overdose of drugs?
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check ABCs
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The medical condition resulting from exposure to poison oak, ivy, or sumac is called:
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dermatitis
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Alcohol has been implicated in ____ percent of homicides.
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67
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When should a fracture be stabilized?
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before you move the victim
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How long is the usual interval between exposure and onset of signs and symptoms of poison ivy, oak, and sumac?
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a day or two
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What is the purpose of splinting an extremity fracture? a. to reduce pain b. to prevent damage to muscle, nerves, and blood vessels c. to prevent a closed fracture from becoming an open fracture d. all of the above
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all of the above
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Which type of seizure involves sudden, massive muscle jerks that may involve the whole body or parts of the body?
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myoclonic seizures
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If the first does of nitroglycerin does not relive the pain, nitroglycerin may be repeated or a total of ___ doses in ___ minutes.
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3 does in 5 minutes
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Tranquilizers have what effect on the body?
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calm anxity
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To treat itching resulting from poisonous plant dermatitis, the victim should;
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apply an over-the-counter anti-itch lotion
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What two concerns result from an animal bit:
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infection from microorganisms, and tissue damage
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The virus causing rabies is usually spread through:
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infected saliva
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Which animal is least likely to carry rabies?
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dog
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If bitten by an animal, the person should:
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call the police or animal control officers
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How soon will swelling begin after a pit viper bite?
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10-15 minutes
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The first step in caring for the victim of snakebite is to:
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get away from the snake
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Antivenom must be given within ___ of the snake bite.
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4 hours
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Which of the following are appropriate first aid measures for a coral snakebite? a. wash the wound with soap and water b. apply a pressure bandage c. keep the victim calm d. all of the above
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all of the above
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Fist aid for nonpoisonous snakebites includes which of the following? a. wash the area with soap and water and seek medical attention b. wash the area with rubbing alcohol and seek medical attention c. apply the Extractor and seek medical attention d. all of the above
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wash the area with soap and water and seek medical attention
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Which of the following insects leaves it stinger behind in the skin? a. wasp b. honeybee c. dirt dobber d. all of the above
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honeybee
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Anaphylactic reactions generally happen within ___ after the sting.
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a few minutes to 1 hour
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How long will a bee stinger continue to inject venom until it is removed?
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2 to 3 minutes
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What should be done if a stinger is found embedded in the skin? a. pull it out with your fingers b. pull it out with tweezers c. scrape it away with a long fingernail d. all of the above
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all of the above
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The victim of an insect sting should be observed for at least _____ for signs of an allergic reaction.
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30 minutes
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The only effective treatment for a severe allergic reaction to insect stings is:
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epinephrine
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Which spider has a characteristic red spot on the abdomen?
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black widow
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Which of the following symptoms about black widow spider bites is true? a. it is difficult to determine whether you have been bit by a black widow b. many victims will not feel the spider bite c. pain from the bite is often the worst pain the victim has ever experienced d. all of the above
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all of the above
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After developing severe pain from muscle stiffness and cramps, the victim of a black widow spider bite will experience:
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flu-like symptoms
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Which spider bite will result in a blister developing within 48 to 72 hours after the bite?
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brown recluse
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A tarantula bite: a. can produce a deep throbbing pain b. pain from a tarantula bite lasts up to one hour c. tarantulas only bite when vigorously provoked d. all of the above
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all of the above
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To relieve pain and delay the effects of the spider venom, you should
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apply an ice pack to the bite
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Which test can be used to identify a scorpion sting?
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"tap test"
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A scorpion sting is life threatening to:
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children
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In the united States, mosquitoes are carriers of
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encephalitis
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The redness and itching of a mosquito bite can be relieved by
answer
apply calamine lotion
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The best way to remove a tick is to:
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use tweezers
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Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium that is carried by a
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deer tick
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Lyme disease can be treated by:
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antibiotics
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The tightening of blood vessels in skin that is exposed to cold is called:
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vasoconstriction
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Body heat loss by direct contact with a colder object is called:
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conduction
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Body heat loss by conversion of liquid on the skin to a vapor is called:
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evaporation
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Body heat loss by air blowing over the skin or through porous clothing is called:
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convection
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Body heat loss by giving off heat is called:
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radiation
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Up to 50 percent of the body's total heat production can be lost by radiation through the
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head
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Air temperature is 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit lower for every ___ feet above where the temperature was measured
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1000
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Victims of severe hypothermia have a core body temperature below:
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90 degrees
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Which nonfreezing cold injury results in painful, red, swollen, hot-to-the-touch skin?
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chillblain
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Which nonfreezing cold injury results from exposure to moisture and cold for prolonged periods of time?
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trenchfoot
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Which nonfreezing cold injury results in tissue loss and infection?
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trenchfoot
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First aid for frostnip includes:
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gently warming the area against a warm body
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First aid for all frostbite injuries includes:
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seeking immediate medical attention
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The water temperature used for rewarming a frostbitten part should be:
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102 - 105 degrees F
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Hypothermia is a life-threatening condition in which the body's core temperature falls below ___ degrees F.
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95
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What type of exposure is also known as immersion exposure?
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acute
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What type of exposure is also known as urban exposure?
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chronic
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Should CPR be started on a victim whose core body temperature is less than 90 degrees F? yes or no
answer
yes
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Should CPR be started on a victim who was submerged in water for more than 60 minutes? yes or no
answer
no
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In what position should you place the hypothermic victim?
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on his/her back
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Which type of snake is responsible for most venomous snakebites in the United States?
answer
rattlesnake
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America's most poisonous snake is the :
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coral
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Human lose heat largely through their:
answer
skin
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Water makes up about ___ percent of an adult's body weight.
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50 to 60
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You are getting enough water if you are producing clear urine at least ___ times a day.
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5
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Which climate condition can be more stressful?
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a very humid bud mildly warm day
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Which groups are at highest risk of heat illness? a. obese b. chronically ill c. alcoholics d. all of the above
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all of the above
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Antihistamines, anti psychotics, and antidepressants all predispose individuals to:
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heatstroke
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Which heat illness is life-threatening?
answer
heatstroke
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Heat cramps are painful muscle spasms in the:
answer
legs and abdomen
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Heat exhaustion is caused by:
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water or salt depletaion
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Symptoms of heavy perspiration and near-normal body temperature are common with which heat illness?
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heat exhaustion
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Healthy, active individuals who are strenuously working for playing in a warm environment are prone to:
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exertional heatstroke
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Which type of heatstroke most often affects the elderly?
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classic heatstroke
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Becoming dizzy or fainting after being exposed to high temperatures is characteristic of:
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heat syncope
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Heat edema is treated by:
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elevating the legs
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Prickly heat is treated by:
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drying and cooling the skin
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The best position for a victim of heat exhaustion is:
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on his/her back with legs elevated 8-12 inches
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Transport a victim of heat exhaustion to a medical facility if no improvement is seen within:
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30 minutes
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The first step in caring for a heatstroke victim is to:
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move the victim to a cool place
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An important point of first aid for the heatstroke victim is:
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you should start cooling the victim before EMS personnel arrive
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Which cooling method works the fastest?
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an ice bath
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Which term describes the bulging out of the vagina as the fetus's head or part of the baby presses against it?
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crowning
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A miscarriage is also called a:
answer
spontaneous abortion
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What care should be given to a woman with vaginal bleeding late in her pregnancy? place a woman on her left side treat for shock if needed call 911 immediately all of the above
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all of the above
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Internal vaginal bleeding caused by trauma should be treated by a. using a pack only if bleeding is life threatening b. placing her on her left side c. seeking medical attention d. all of the above
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all of the above
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Which questions should be asked of a woman in labor to determine whether there is time to transport her to a hospital? a. has she had a baby before b. how frequent are the contractions? c. has the amniotic sac ruptured? d. all of the above
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all of the above
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Contractions more than ____ minutes apart are a good indication that there will be enough time to get the mother to a hospital.
answer
5
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Contractions less than ___ minutes apart and 45 to 60 seconds long, especially in a woman who has had more than one pregnancy, signal imminent delivery.
answer
2
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If the amniotic sac ruptures more than 18 hours before birth occurs, the likelihood of ____ is increased.
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fetal infection
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If a woman in labor fells she has to move her bowels, delivery:
answer
is miiminent
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If you must assist with the delivery of the baby, an important guideline to remember is: a. do not let the mother use the toilet b. do not hold the mother's legs together c. do not touch the vaginal area except during delivery d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Labor is a stage __process
answer
three
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During which stage of labor does the amniotic sac break?
answer
end of the first
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The actual delivery of the baby takes place during the ___ stage of labor.
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second
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During which stage of labor is the placenta expelled?
answer
third
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The third stage of labor lasts about ___ minutes.
answer
15
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Which childbirth position improves blood return to the heart?
answer
lying on the left side
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Which childbirth positions provide protection against possible aspiration during vomiting?
answer
lying on the left side or kneeling knee-chest postion
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If the baby's head emerges with the umbilical cord wrapped around the neck, the first aider should:
answer
slip the cord over the baby's shoulder
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After the baby is delivered, and before the umbilical cord is cut, the newborn should be held:
answer
head slightly lower than the trunk, level wit the mother's vagina
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If in a remote location, and after cord pulsations have stopped, tie the cord about ____widths away from the baby and a second tie 2 inches further away from the first in order to cut the cord.
answer
4 finger
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A woman can be expected to lose up to __ to __ cups of blood after the delivery.
answer
1 to 2
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What can be done to help control vaginal bleeding after the delivery? a. gently massage the mother's lower abdomen b. allow the baby to nurse c. both a and b d. nothing can be done to control bleeding outside of the hospital
answer
both a and b
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A newborn should begin to breathe:
answer
within 30 seconds
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The most important care of the newborn is:
answer
positioning, drying, keeping warm, and stimulating to breathe
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What is the risk in a prolapsed umbilical cord presentation?
answer
suffocation of the baby
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The mother experiencing a breech presentation should be placed
answer
head down position with pelvis elevated
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During a breech presentation, the first aider should act to prevent suffocation of the baby if the head is not delivered within ____ minutes of the body.
answer
3
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Presence of greenish- or brownish-yellow amniotic fluid requires the first aider to:
answer
suction the mouth and nostrils thoroughly
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A baby born before __ weeks of pregnancy is considered premature.
answer
37
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Premature babies are always at risk for:
answer
hypothermia
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Your first job as a first aider to the rape victim is to:
answer
care for the victim
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To preserve legal evidence, the rape victim should not: a. change clothes until after the medical evaluation b. urinate or defecate until after medical evaluation c. wash or douche util after the medical evaluation d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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What are some common reasons for behavior changes? a. low blood sugar in a diabetic b. excessive cold or heat c. lack of oxygen d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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What are some common reasons for behavior changes? a. inadequate blood flow to the brain b. mind-altering substances c. head trauma d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Depressed persons can be recognized by their:
answer
listless or apathetic behavior
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Which of the following statements concerning depression is accurate? a. do not discourage depressed persons from crying b. a depressed person needs sympathetic attention c. a depressed person needs sympathetic reassurance d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Suicide in the United States is increasingly a problem in which age groups? a. adolescents b. college-age students c. the elderly d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Suicide is most common in men who are: a. divorced b. single c. widowed d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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The frequency of suicide peaks during which months?
answer
spring
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What region in the United States has the highest suicide rate?
answer
Mountain States
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For every suicide that occurs, there are ___ attempts.
answer
8
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What is the mnemonic to identify high-risk characteristics of suicide?
answer
SAD PERSONS scale
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Identify the correct statement about suicide. a. most suicide victims gave clear warning that they intended to kill themselves b. most suicide victims had previously attempted suicide c. suicide attempts typically occur when an individual's close emotional attachments are in danger d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Which of the following statements concerning suicide are correct? a. every suicidal act or gesture should be taken seriously b. never leave a suicidal victim alone c. persons who attempt suicide need professional counseling d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Who is most likely to attempt suicide? a. persons who have made a previous suicide attempt b. persons who have detailed suicide plans c. persons who have a close relative who committed suicide d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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What are typical reactions to emotional injury? a. fear b. heavy perspiration c. nausea d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Which of the following guidelines should be followed when trying to calm a person who is upset? a. maintain a comfortable distance b. encourage the person to state what is troubling him or her c. never leave the person alone d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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A rape victim may hesitate to report rape for which reason? a. feelings of shame and guilt b. reluctance to deal with law enforcement officials c. questioning whether a "real" rape occurred d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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To preserve legal evidence, the rape victim should not" a. change clothes until after medical evaluation b. urinate or defecate until after medical evaluation c. wash or douche until after medical evaluation d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Child abuse and neglect usually occur:
answer
in the home
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The term child abuse encompasses which of the following? a. physical or sexual abuse b. psychological or emotional abuse c. neglect d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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When would you be alerted to the possibility of child abuse? a. the repeated appearance of an "indicator" b. the presence of many indicators c. the appearance of serious injury d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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First aid for spouse abuse includes: a. calling the police b. calling the EMS c. treating any injuries d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Situations in which a person exhibits abnormal behavior that is unacceptable or cannot be tolerated by the victims themselves, or by family, friends, or the community is known as:
answer
Behavioral Emergency
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The most important point to remember when faced with a aggressive, hostile, or violent behavior is to:
answer
always size up the situation before you do anything
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When should you visually examine the woman in labor for crowning? a. when the woman has had a baby before b. when the contractions are less than 2 minutes apart c. when the amniotic sac has ruptured, and the woman feels a need to move her bowels d. all of the above conditions are met
answer
when all of the above conditions are net
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In cases of umbilical cord presentation, the first aider should do which of the following? a. gently push the cord back up into the vagina several inches b. pull the baby out through the vagina c. cut the umbilical cord d. push the baby away from the cord
answer
push the baby away from the cord
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Wilderness first aid pertains to which of the following? a. recreation in the "wilderness" b. occupations in the "wilderness" c. residences in the "wilderness" d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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CPR has no effect on recovery and should not be started in which of the following situations? a. the victim's core temperature in less than 60 degrees F b. the victim has been submerged in water for more than 1 hour c. the procedures will place the rescuer at risk d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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In cases of profound hypothermia, the first aider should: a. take 30 to 45 seconds to check for a pulse b. handle the victim gently c. start and continue CPR for more than 30 minutes d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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In a wilderness situation, reduction of dislocated joints:
answer
is recommended for some dislocations
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A dislocation is considered simple if it involves: a. the anterior shoulder b. a finger c. the patella d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Which of the following joints could not be safely reduced in a wilderness setting? a. elbow b. hip c. posterior shoulder d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Which method is safest for reducing an anterior shoulder location?
answer
traction and external rotation, and simple hanging traction
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What is the position of function?
answer
fingers and hand in a cupping shape
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Which of the following questions should be asked when assessing for spine injury in the wilderness? a. is the victim alert b. does the victim have any major painful injury? c. does the victim have neck pain or tingling, numbness, weakness in the extremities? d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Which of the following statements concerning care of spine injury in wilderness settings is correct?
answer
You should always reposition the spine in the normal, anatomical positon
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About ___ percent of people from lower elevations who visit areas 6,000 to 12,000 feet above sea level experience acute mountain sickness?
answer
25
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High-altitude pulmonary edema and high-altitude cerebral edema are examples of:
answer
altitude illness
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Altitude illness typically strikes in the first ___ hours.
answer
12
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Signs and symptoms of altitude illness include which of the following?
answer
loss of appetite, nausea, fatigue, headache
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The single best way to care for altitude illness is to:
answer
descend to a lower elevation
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Up to_____ percent of lightning strikes are fatal.
answer
30%
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Which natural disaster claims the most lives in the U.S.?
answer
lightning
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Who is the most likely victim of lightning strike?
answer
recreational athletes
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A victim struck by lightning is most likely to die from:
answer
cardiopulmonary arrest
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If you are attacked by a ____, you should lie down and play dead.
answer
mother black bear or grizzly bear
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A series of ___ of almost anything indicates "Help."
answer
three
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Ground signals should be: a. straight lines b. right angles c. as large as possible d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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You should physically fight back if attacked by which animal? a. crocodiles b. cougars c. brown or black bears d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Care for a victim of a lightning strike should include: a. checking for breathing b. stabilizing the spine c. checking for injuries d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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The most frequent cause of injury from lightning strike is from:
answer
a splash
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Reach-throw-go identifies the sequence for which type of rescue?
answer
water rescue
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During a water rescue, what should be thrown to the victim?
answer
anything that floats
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In the United States there are about ___fatalities each year from drowning.
answer
4,000
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Most near-drownings are ___ drownings, that is, water, vomitus, or foreign bodies are aspirated.
answer
wet
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A ___ drowning is one in which a victim who is resuscitated dies within 96 hours.
answer
secondary
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A late complication of near-drowings which occurs 48 to 72 hours after the episode is:
answer
aspiration pneumonia
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If a near-drowning victim was diving:
answer
suspect a possible spine injury
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Cold-water immersion is associated with two potential medical emergencies:
answer
downing and hypothermia
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The heat escape lessening position (HELP) involves the victim:
answer
remaining as physically quiet as possible
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If a person has fallen through ice away from the shore, and cannot be reached by using a pole or throwing a line, the rescuer should:
answer
lie flat and push an object ahead of them, and pull the victim ashore
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Which of the following statements concerning electrical injuries is true? a. a mild shock cannot cause serious injuries b. the current must be high voltage, at least 1,000 volts, to be deadly c. the 110 volts of household current is not enough to be deadly d. the 110 volts of household current is enough to be deadly
answer
the 110 volts of household current is enough to be deadly
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If a victim is stranded in a car with a power line fallen across it, the victim should
answer
stay in the car
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In most states, when are you legally obligated to stop and give help at the scene of a motor vehicle accident?
answer
when you are involved in an accident
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In most motor vehicle accidents, the first aider should::
answer
wait for EMS personnel to get the victims out of the care
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The process of prioritizing or classifying injured victims is called:
answer
triage
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When performing triage, what classification should be given to a victim who has life-threatening injures but can be saved?
answer
immediate care
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When performing triage, what classification should be given to a victim with minor injuries?
answer
delayed care
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When performing triage, what classification should be given to a victim who is unlikely to survive?
answer
dead
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The first step in performing triage is to:
answer
tell all the victims who can get up and walk to move to a specific area
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The safest way to carry an injured victim is:
answer
to carry them on a streatcher
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The major danger in moving a victim quickly is the possibility of aggravating a(n) ____ injury.
answer
spinal
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What could be done to separate a threatening farm animal from a victim?
answer
use food to lure the animal away
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Which of the following are clues that indicate a hazardous material spill? a. strong, noxious odors b. spilled liquids or solids c. warning signs on vehicles d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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Upon finding a victim who is paralyzed by electrical current, the first aider should:
answer
turn off the electricity before touching the victim
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The US Coast Guard defines cold water as water with a temperature less than ___.
answer
70 degrees f
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With the exception of fire,____ is the most common and widespread natural disaster.
answer
flood
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Which of the following is the correct action to take if you experience an earthquake? a. if indoors, run outside b. if in a vehicle, get out immediately c. if outdoors, find a clear spot d. use elevators to quickly evacuate a high-rise building
answer
if outdoors, find a clear spot
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Which of the following is correct regarding rising flood waters?
answer
as little as six inches of moving water can knock you off your feet
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A hurricane is a tropical storm with wind that reaches a sustained speed of at least ___ miles per hour
answer
74
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Which of the following is correct regarding action to take if you experience a tornado:? a. seek an interior windowless room b. seek the lowest level of a building c. avoid buildings with wide-span roofs such as auditoriums d. all of the above
answer
all of the above
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If trapped in a vehicle during a winter storm:
answer
exercise to maintain body heat
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If you encounter a hazardous materials incident:
answer
stay upwind from the accident
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If a Homeland Security Advisory threat level of "high" is issued, you should:
answer
review evacuation and sheltering measures for various types of attack
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If instructed to stay in your home during a chemical or biological attack:
answer
seal room with plastic sheeting and duct tape
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If you are unable to evacuate your home during a hazardous materials incident:
answer
use plastic sheeting and tape to secure doors and windows
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If you are indoors during an earthquake, you should:
answer
take cover under a sturdy desk or table
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Which of the following is correct regarding rising flood waters?
answer
as little as 6 inches of moving water can knock you off your feet
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During a heat wave, you should:
answer
stay in the coolest available location
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If a hurricane watch is issued, you usually have ___ hours before the hurricane hits land.
answer
24 to 36
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A ____ is a series of waves generated by an undersea disturbance.
answer
tsunami
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