Final- Public Speaking – Flashcards
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A _______________ orients the audience by revealing how the speaker has organized the body of a speech.
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Preview
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In order to successfully stimulate your audiences imagination, you must ____________.
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Establish shared referents
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Carla concludes with "And so the benefits of a healthy diet: better sleep, more energy, and a longer life cannot be ignored and I encourage you to follow he steps detailed in my speech." What function of a speech conclusion is Carla using?
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Providing closure
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Of all the steps in the process of organization, _____________ should be the easiest to construct.
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Restating your key ideas
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Activating an audience response is easiest in a ____________ speech.
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Persuasive
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Which of the following would be an appropriate direct question for a speakers introduction?
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Who in here has ever donated blood?
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The __________ outline should be written in complete sentences.
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Formal
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Working outlines are___________.
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Written to enable the speaker to narrow, focus, and balance a topic.
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What is subordinate idea with regard to outlining?
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Ideas that support more general or more important points in a speech.
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A speaking outline ___________.
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May contain delivery prompts
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Jillian brainstoms a list of causes, symptoms, and treatments of Parkinson's. She is completing which type of outline?
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Working outline
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What is wrong with these main points from a speech outline on "Preserving Our National Parks"? I. Our national parks are threatened. II. Our national parks can be saved. III. New national parks can be designated.
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One point is irrelevant to the purpose of the speech.
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What is a complete sentence outline?
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An outline in which all numbers and letters introduce complete sentences.
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A well-prepared outline tests the scope of __________, allowing you to add, delete, expand or condense information.
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Content
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Brainstorming is probably most helpful in preparing____________.
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A working outline
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Which of the following types of outlines is pared-down version of the full-outline?
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Speaking
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Gustav uses the phrase, "A doctor typically checks on his or her patients every hour after surgery." Gustav is using ___________.
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Nonsexist language
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__________ is the first step in improving your use of language.
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Attentive listening
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Oral style uses __________ sentences.
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Shorter
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In her speech, Cara refers to her grandmother as a person with diabetes, rather than a diabetic. She is using __________.
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People first language
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"A happy home holds a happy hearth" is an example of ____________.
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Alliteration
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The lower the level of ___________ used, the more clearly the listener will understand the speaker.
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Abstraction
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Addressing males and females over the age of 18 as women and men, not girls and boys, is using ____________.
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Appropriate group labels
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Examples of __________ are "I guess," "I think," and "Kind of."
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Hedges
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"Bringing IP functionally to legacy equipment, Siemens will unveil an IP adapter for its Optiset line of desktop office telephones. By transferring the switching fabric from the line card on the PBX to an Ethernet port, the adapter will allow enterprise users to convert to IP calls without buying new line equipment." This difficultly in comprehending what this press release means is the result of __________.
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Industry Jargon
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Oral style makes greater use of _______ than written style.
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Personal pronouns
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Which of the following statements does the text support?
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A speaker's words and actions must match.
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We engage in __________ speaking whenever someone calls on us to express an option of unexpectedly ask us to "say a few words" to a group.
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Impromptu
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A speaker who says "athalete" instead of "athlete" is making which type of articulation error?
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Addition
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A person who says "tempature" instead of "temperature" is making which type of articulation error?
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Deletion
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Of the four methods of delivering a speech, which method often requires the most preparation time and carried the risk of being perceived by the audience as mechanical or programmed?
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Speaking from memory
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A person who says "hundred" instead of "hundred" is making which type of articulation error?
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Transposition
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Of the four methods of delivering a speech, which method offers the advantages of through preparation and rehearsal without undue emphasis on exact wording, freeing the speaker to be natural, conversational, spontaneous, and improvisational?
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Speaking extemporaneously
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For public speakers, the two extremes of _______ are rigidity and sloppiness.
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Posture
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Of the four methods of delivering a speech, which method requires a good deal of time to prepare, edit, revise, and type for the final delivery and needs added practice for fluent, conversational delivery and adequate eye contact?
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Speaking from manuscript
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Sounds or words such as "like, um, as, or ah" used to fill silence in a speech are referred to as _____________.
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Vocalized pauses
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For a speech explaining the revolutionary developments in computer animation and special effects by George Lucas in his Star Wars trilogies, your most effective presentational aids would be _______.
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Videotape clips
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Projection is especially important _______.
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when your audience is too large to see the presentational aid clearly
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If other speakers are likely to distribute handouts as well, make sure yours is ________.
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printed on colored paper
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For an informative speech on Lockheed's chief aircraft designer, Kelly Johnson, who designed the famed SR-71 "Blackbird" and other stealth aircraft, the most appropriate presentational aids would probably be _______.
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pictures
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Which of the following statements is not a primary benefit of using presentational aids?
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lengthens inadequate presentations
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Guy Kawasaki recommends never talking for more than _______ minutes during a PowerPoint presentation
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20
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The most appropriate presentation aid to compare the growth of Internet users in the United States, Europe, India, and the Far East between 1990 and 2000 would be a _______.
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line graph
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Which of the following can project transparencies, video, computer slide shows, and computer animation, as well as images of three-dimensional objects?
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document cameras
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When we say that using presentational aids reinforces message impact, this also means that ________.
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It increases message retention
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Speeches using a ________ organizational pattern often particularly benefit from visual reinforcement
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spatial
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An informative speech about Iceland's volcanoes might have evolved as a speaker brainstormed about _______.
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objects and places
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A speaker selects the specific purpose of informing his/her audience about the benefits, risks, and ethical aspects of investing in viatical companies-firms that make large cash payments to the terminally ill in return for being named sole beneficiary in their life insurance policies. What type of informative topic has the speaker selected?
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a speech about issues
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A speech on alopecia androgenetica, or male pattern baldness, would be an informative speech about a(n) _______.
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condition
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The three most common organizational patterns for a speech about places are _______.
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spatial, chronological, and topical
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An informative speech explaining how to record, reproduce, label, and market your band's first CD is a speech about both _______.
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an object and a process
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Your speech on how to retouch a damaged old family photo and turn it into an original using your home computer is organized into three parts: (1) scanning, (2) image manipulation, and (3) printing. Your organization is _______.
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chronological
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In his informative speech about gun control, Liam uses words such as "costly," "unjust," and "pointless." Which guideline for speaking to inform is Liam ignoring?
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use descriptive, nonjudgmental language
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Speeches about the evacuation of Saigon and subsequent end of the Vietnam War, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union are speeches about _______.
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events
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An effective informative speaker should convey ________.
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enthusiasm for the topic
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In order to give an informative speech, you must be _______.
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objective
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Which of the following words is most closely equated with persuasion?
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influence
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Given the definition of persuasion and the intent of persuasion, which of the following statements does the text agree with?
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Persuasion occurs any time you move a listener's opinion in the direction you advocate, even if that movement is slight.
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Speaker credibility is most closely associated with _______.
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Ethos
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A speech that challenges your beliefs often forces you, as a listener, to _______.
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reevaluate your position
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Pathos refers to the ________ appeal of a speech.
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emotional
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Logos refers to the ________ appeal of a speech.
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logical
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In its most basic purpose, delivering a persuasive message will require you to select an issue you think is important and _______.
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communicate your concerns to your audience
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A speech calling for the listener to participate in The National Association of Letter Carriers' annual "Help Stamp Out Hunger" food drive is a speech to _______.
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actuate
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A speech at Pioneers' Day Centennial celebration in which the speaker wants community members to appreciate the contributions of their ancestors is a speech to _______.
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inspire
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A persuasive speech that advocates a position with which the audience agrees is an example of a speech to _______.
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intensify listeners' values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors
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Propositions have three requirements: they express a judgment, are debatable, and _______.
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require proof
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Fredrick claims, "Because baseball is America's greatest pastime, if you don't like baseball then you hate America." This is an example of which type of fallacy?
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false dilemma
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_______ is any flaw in the logic of an argument.
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A fallacy
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The supporting materials you use to prove a point are called _______.
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evidence
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To check the structure and flow of an argument based on a syllogism, you should state ___________; say "because" and state __________; then state __________. The resulting two sentences should flow together and make sense.
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your major premise; your minor premise; your conclusion
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A(n) _______ is a fallacy that introduces irrelevant issues to deflect attention away from the subject under discussion.
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red herring
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Gregorio claims that because two restaurants in the local mall were infested with rats, every restaurant in the mall is also infested. This is an example of which fallacy of argument?
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hasty generalization
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"The NFL should adopt a playoff system that allows the season to last longer," is an example of a proposition of _______.
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Policy
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Abigail wears the same socks to all her soccer games because she believes they cause her to score a goal every game. This is an example of which type of fallacy?
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Post hoc
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The first step of Monroe's motivated sequence is _______.
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getting the audience's attention
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Paulina goes on at length about her relationship with the featured speaker, as well as how her accomplishments match up to the featured speaker's. Which guideline for a speech of introduction is Paulina ignoring?
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focus on the featured speaker
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When writing a speech of tribute, asking yourself the question, "Why is this person worthy of my respect and praise?" is a way to _______.
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establish noble themes
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Cassandra is asked to give a speech of tribute about a teacher she did not know very well. She declines respectfully, assuring the family another student might be more fit to give the speech. Which guideline for a speech of tribute is Cassandra following?
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be genuine
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Which of the following steps does the text recommend completing first when giving a speech of presentation?
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state the purpose of the award or recognition
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What is a speech of introduction?
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a speech introducing a featured speaker to an audience
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Which of the following speeches typically precedes a featured speaker at an event?
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speech of introduction
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The first step in dealing with a question from the audience is to _______.
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repeat or clarify the question
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You are giving a speech of presentation honoring a notable news reporter. Your research shows that the audience does NOT know the name of the individual being honored. How should you organize your presentation speech?
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Keep the audience guessing, start with general comments that could refer to anybody, gradually move to specific comments, and announce the recipient at the end.
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Which of the following guidelines is a requirement for a speech to entertain?
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Make a point
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Someone who is speaking to entertain gives a presentation that usually does not ________.
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have a central theme
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