Final Exam Study Guide-Science 7th grade – Flashcards
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Digestion
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The process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules.
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Homeostasis
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The maintenance of stable internal conditions
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Endocrine System
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Produces chemicals that control many of the body's daily activities. Also regulates growth and development.
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Muscular System
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Enables movement of the body and internal organs, made of voluntary and involuntary muscle
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Skeletal System
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supports and protects the body, provides shape and support, enables you to move, protects your organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and other materials
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Cartilage
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A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects ends of bones by keeping them fro rubbing together
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Calcium
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a mineral that helps build bones and teeth, aids blood clotting and muscle and nerve function
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Fracture
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a break in the bone
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Sprain
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an injury in which the ligaments holding the bone together stretch too far and tear.
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Dislocation
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an injury in which a bone comes out of its joint
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Smooth Muscle
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involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body; does not react or tire quickly
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Striated Muscle
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a voluntary muscle that appears banded, also called skeletal muscle; reacts and tires quickly
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Cardiac Muscle
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muscle tissue found only in the heart ; reacts quickly but does not tire quickly
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Dermis
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the inner layer of the skin
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Epidermis
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the outer layer of the skin
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Minerals
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nutrients that are needed by the body in small amounts and are not made by living things
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Fats
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energy containing nutrients that are composed of carbon and oxygen
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Carbohydrate
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nutrient composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and is a major source of energy
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Amino Acids
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small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules
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Proteins
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Nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are needed for tissue growth and repair and play a part in chemical reactions within cells
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Saturated Fats
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Usually solid at room temperature, meat and dairy products contain relatively large amounts
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Unsaturated Fats
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Usually liquid at room temperature, most cooking oils
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Chemical Digestion
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chemicals produced by the body break food into their smaller chemical building blocks
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Mechanical Digestion
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occurs when you bite into food and chew it into small pieces
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Hyphae
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the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodys of multicellular fungi
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Fungus
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eukaryotic organism that has cell walls, uses spores to reproduce, and is a heterotroph that feeds by absorbing its food
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Symbiotic Relationship
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a close relationship between two organisms in which at least one of the organisms benefits
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Budding
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a form of asexual reproduction of yeast in which a new cell grows out of the body of a parent
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Autotroph
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an organism that makes its own food
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Heterotroph
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an organism that cannot make its own food
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Mold
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a fungi that lives in dark, humid/moist, warm air
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Asexual Reproduction
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a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent
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Yeast
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a unicellular cell that undergoes a form of asexual reproduction called budding; a fungi; optimum temperature for multiplying is 105-115 degrees Fahrenheit; yeast is used in wine, beer, and bread
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Algal Bloom
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the rapid growth of a population of algae
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Phloem
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the vascular tissue through which food moves down in some plants
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Xylem
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the vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move up some plants
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Cilia
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the hairlike projections on the outside of cells that move in a wavelike manner
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Flagella
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the long whip like structures that help a cell to move
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Eye Spot
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not a real eye it contains light sensitive pigments that help euglena recognize the direction of a light source
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Pseudopods
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a false foot or temporary bulge of cytoplasm used for feeding and movement in some protozoans
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Seed
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the plant structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering
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Angiosperms
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a flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in a protective structure; fruit
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Gymnosperms
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a plant that produces seeds that are not enclosed by a protective fruit
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Monocot
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an angiosperm that has only one seed leaf; grasses
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Germination
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the sprouting of the embryo out of the seed; occurs when the embryo resumes its growth
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Fertilization
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the joining of a sperm cell and egg cell
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Roots
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anchor a plant in the ground, absorb water and minerals from the soil and sometimes stores food
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Sepal
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a leaf like structure that enclosed the bud of a flower
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Pistol
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the female reproductive part of the flower
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Stem
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stems carry substances between a plant's roots and leaves; also provides support for the plant and holds up the leaves so they are exposed to the sun
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Hormones
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chemicals that affect growth and development
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Stomata
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the small openings on the surface of most leaves through which gases can move
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Annuals
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flowering plants that complete their life cycle in one growing season
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Perennials
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flowering plants that live for more than two years
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Egg
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female sex cell
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Sperm
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male sex cell
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Zygote
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fertilized egg produced by the joining of a sperm and an egg
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Menstruation
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the process of which the thickened lining of the uterus breaks down and blood and tissue then pass out of the female body through the vagina
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Placenta
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a membrane that becomes the link between the developing embryo, or fetus and the mother
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Sugar
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simple carbohydrate in the form of glucose, produces energy, and plants and animals use it
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Saliva
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the fluid released when the mouth waters that plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical digestion
