Final Exam Practice for Anatomy and Physiology II – Flashcards
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Anemia is caused by a defective gene resulting in abnormal hemoglobin: a. Hemorrhagic anemia b. Aplastic Anemia c. Pernicous Anemia d. Sickle Cell Anemia
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d. Sickle Cell Anemia
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Which of the following has the function of defending against parasites? a. Erythrocyte b. Basophil c. Neutrophil d. Lymphocyte e. Eosinophil
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e. Eosinophil
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Blood clotting is dependent upon: a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin K e. Vitamin C
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d. Vitamin K
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Which of the following is involved in blood clotting? a. Erythrocyte b. Basophil c. Neutrophil d. Thrombocyte e. Eosinophil
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d. Thrombocyte
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An excessive production of erythrocytes: a. Hemorrhagic anemia b. Polycythemia c. Pernicous anemia d. Sickle cell anemia
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b. Polycythemia
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Anemia caused by destruction of blood forming elements in bone marrow: a. Hemorrhagic anemia b. Aplastic anemia c. Pernicious anemia d. Sickle cell anemia
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b. Aplastic anemia
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True or False: Anemia is the inability of blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the tissues.
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True
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A diseased caused by Rh incompatibility: a. Sickle cell anemia b. Erythroblastosis Fetalis c. Iron deficiency anemia d. Leukemia e. Leukocytosis
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b. Erythroblastosis Fetalis
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Blood without the clotting factors and formed elements is known as: a. Albumin b. Serum c. Plasma d. Globulin
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b. Serum
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In the ABO blood typing system, this is the "universal donor". a. Type A b. Type B c. Type AB d. Type O
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d. Type O
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Which of the following is a blood clotting protein? a. Albumin b. Fibrin c. Immunoglobulin d. Collagen
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b. Fibrin
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A foreign substance that can cause the body to produce an antibody: a. Antigen b. Immunoglobulin c. Albumin d. Collagen
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a. Antigen
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The formation or production of blood cells is known as: a. Anemia b. Hematopoiesis c. Hyperglycemia d. Hypoglycemia
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b. Hematopoiesis
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The three important plasma proteins are _________, __________, and _________.
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Albumins, Globulins, and Fibrinogen
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The two types of connective tissue that make blood cells are _________ and ________.
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Myeloid and Lymphatic
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The red pigment in red blood cells that carries oxygen is called ________.
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Hemoglobin
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These white blood cells are the most numerous of the phagocytes: _________.
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Neutrophils
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These white blood cells produce antibodies to fight microbes: _________.
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B-Lymphocytes, B-cells
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Thrombin converts the inactive plasma protein __________ into a fibrous gel called __________.
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Fibrinogen, Fibrin
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A _________ is an unneeded clot that stays in the place where it was found.
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Thrombus
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If part of a blood clot is dislodged and circulates through the bloodstream, it is called an _________.
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Embolus
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A person with type AB blood has ________ and ________ antigens on the blood cells and _______ antibodies in the plasma.
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A and B antigens, no antibodies
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A person with type B blood has _____ antigens on the blood cells and _____ antibodies in the plasma.
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B antigens, Anti-A antibodies
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A condition called __________ _________ can develop if an Rh-negative mother produces antibodies against and Rh-positive fetus.
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Erythroblastosis Fetalis
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_______ are thicker chambers of the heart, which are sometimes called discharging chambers.
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Ventricles
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The _______ are thinner chambers of the heart, which are sometimes called the receiving chambers of the heart.
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Atria
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The ventricles of the heart are separated into right and left sides by the ________.
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Interventricular Septum
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Another term for the visceral pericardium is the ________.
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Epicardium
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The heart valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle is called the ______ valve.
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Tricuspid Atrioventricular (AV)
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The term ________ refers to the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle during each beat.
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Stroke Volume
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The _______ is the pacemaker of the heart and causes the contraction of the atria.
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Sinoatrial
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The _______ are extensions of the atrioventricular fibers and cause the contraction of the ventricles.
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Purkinje fibers
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The ECG tracing that occurs when the ventricles depolarize is called the _________.
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QRS complex
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The ECG tracing that occurs when the atria depolarize is called the ________.
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P Wave
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The ________ are the microscopic blood vessels in which substances are exchanged between the blood and tissues.
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Capillaries
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The innermost layer of tissue in an artery is called the ________ ________.
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Tunica Intima
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The outermost layer of tissue in an artery is called the __________.
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Tunica Adventitia
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Systemic circulation involves moving of blood throughout the body; ______ involves moving blood from the heart to the lungs and back.
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Pulmonary Circulation
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The two structures in the developing fetus that allow most of the blood to bypass the lungs are the _______ and the ________.
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Foramen Ovale, and Ductus Arteriosis
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The strength of the heart contraction and blood volume are two factors that influence blood pressure are _______ and ______.
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Blood Viscosity, and Heart Rate
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Describe the following list of parts in order of where blood would flow from start to finish through the heart: Left atrium, tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve), right ventricle, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, right atrium, pulmonary semilunar valve.
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1. Right Atrium- receives blood from the great veins 2. Tricuspid Valve (right AV valve)- through to 3. Right ventricle- sends it into the 4. Pulmonary Semilunar valve- into the 5. Pulmonary vein- blood returns to the heart oxygenated into the 7. Left atrium 8. Mitral Valve (Left AV valve) through to 9. Left ventricle- mitral valve closes upon muscle contraction 10. Aortic semilunar valve- opens and allows blood to flow out into the aorta
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The most muscular chamber of the heart: a. Right Atrium b. Right Ventricle c. Left Atrium d. Left Ventricle
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d. Left Ventricle
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The "wall" separating the two ventricles: a. Atrioventricular septum b. Ineratrial septum c. Interventricular septum d. None of the above
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c. Interventricular Septum
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Which of the following is NOT a part of the electrical conductance system of the heart? a. sinoatrial node b. bundle of His c. Purkinje fibers d. sentinel node e. atrioventricular node
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d. sentinal node
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A major artery in the small intestine: a. superior mesentric b. internal carotid c. renal d. radial e. brachial
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a. superior mesentric
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During exercise, the greatest change in blood flow occurs in: a. the brain b. skeletal muscle c. the skin d. the kidneys e. cardiac muscle
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b. skeletal muscle
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The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle: a. tricuspid valve b. pulmonic valve d. mitral valve (bicuspid valve) e. aortic valve
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a. tricuspid valve
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True or False: Polycythemia may increase blood viscosity (thickness) due to an increase in red blood cells and that may put a person at risk for a stroke or myocardial infarction.
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True
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Function as exhange vessels for substances such as glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide: a. arteries b. capillaries c. veins
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b. capillaries
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The pulmonary veins carry: a. oxygenated blood b. deoxygenated blood
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a. oxygenated blood
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True or False: The brachiocephalic artery supplying the right side of the body corresponds to the aorta that supplies the left side of the body.
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True
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In the fetus, this structure "shunts" blood from the right atrium to the left atrium allowing most of the blood to bypass the fetal lungs: a. aorta b. ductus arteriosus c. foramen ovale d. foramen rotundum
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c. foramen ovale
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The celiac artery supplies the: a. brain b. face c. thigh d. armpit e. stomach
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e. stomach Hint: think of Celiac disease, a digestive condition where the immune system attacks gluten.
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Contraction of the heart: a. diastole b. systole c. palpitation e. murmur
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b. systole
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The largest artery in the body: a. brachiocephalic trunk b. pulmonary artery c. common carotid artery d. aorta e. subclavian artery
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d. aorta
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Which of the following is NOT a valve in the heart? a. brachiocephalic valve b. pulmonic valve c. mitral valve (bicuspid valve) d. aortic valve
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a. brachiocephalic valve
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The valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle: a. tricuspid valve b. pulmonic valve c. mitral valve (bicuspid valve) d. aortic valve
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c. mitral valve (bicuspid valve)
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True or False: Angina pectoris is another name for myocardial infarction.
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False Angina pectoris, or stable angina, is generally chest pains and typically occurs in patients with prior existing heart disease. It occurs when the heart muscle is not getting as much blood as it needs.
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The immunity that develops after a person has had a disease is an example of: a. active natural immunity b. passive natural immunity c. active artificial immunity d. passive artificial immunity
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a. active natural immunity
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The immunity that comes from the injection of antibodies made by another individual's immune system is an example of: a. active natural immunity b. passive natural immunity c. active artificial immunity d. passive artificial immunity
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d. passive artificial immunity
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The main cells involved in cell-mediated immunity are called _________.
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T-cells, or T Lymphocytes
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The main cells involved in humoral immunity are the _______ cells.
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B-cells, or B Lymphocytes
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__________ cells develop in the Thymus gland.
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T-cells, or T Lymphocytes
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Some of the _________ cells can develop into memory cells.
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B- cells, or B Lymphocytes
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Lymph from about three-fourths of the body drains into the ___________.
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Thoracic Duct
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Lymph from the right upper extremity and the right side of the head drains into the _________ ________ ________.
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Right lymphatic duct
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The enlarged, pouch-like structure is in the abdomen that serves as a storage area for lymph is called the ___________.
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Cisterna chili
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The many lymph vessels that enter the lymph node are called the ______ vessels. The single vessel leaving the lymph node is called the ______ vessel.
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afferent vessels, efferent vessel
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The thymus gland is the site of maturation for these WBCs: ___________. It also produces the hormone _________.
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T Lymphocytes (T-cells), Thymosin
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The three pairs of tonsils are the _______ tonsils, the _______ tonsils, an the ________ tonsils.
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Pharyngeal (adenoid), Palatine, Lingual
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___________ kills invading cells by drilling holes in their plasma membrane, which disrupts the sodium and water balance.
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Compliment fixation
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Macrophages were originally ________ that migrated into the tissues.
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Monocytes
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________ cells produce antibodies.
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B-cells
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Lymphatic vessels in the walls of the small intestine: a. veins b. lacteals c. thoracic duct d. both a and b e. none of the above
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b. lacteals
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Injection of a vaccine (such as polio vaccine): a. natural active immunity b. natural passive immunity c. artificial active immunity d. artificial passive immunity
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c. artificial active immunity
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Which of the following is NOT a primary cell of the immune system? a. neutrophil b. erythrocyte c. monocyte d. T- Lymphocyte e. macrophage
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b. erythrocyte
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The spleen is: a. highly vascularized b. poorly vascularized
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a. highly vascularized
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Phagocytosis of bacteria is a form of: a. specific immunity b. non specific immunity
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b. non specific immunity
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Involution is a process by which and organ is replaced with connective tissue and fat. This is typical of the: a. spleen b. thymus c. thyroid d. tonsils e. stomach
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b. thymus
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Lymph flow in the body: a. moves only toward the heart b. moves only away from the heart c. moves both toward and away from the heart.
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a. moves only toward the heart
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Protection received by an infant from the mother's breast milk: a. natural active immunity b. natural passive immunity c. artificial active immunity d. artificial passive immunity
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b. natural passive immunity
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A life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction of the immune system: a. hives b. anaphylactic shock c. tonsillitis d. appendicitis e. allergy
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b. anaphylactic shock
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The lining of lymphatic vessels allows for movement of materials into and out of the vessels. The epithelium is: a. columnar b. stratified squamous c. cuboidal d. simple squamous e. transitional
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d. simple squamous
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All of the following are true of antibodies EXCEPT: a. are proteins produced by plasma cells b. are also called imunoglobulins c. are involved in humoral immunity d. are produced in the pituitary gland.
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d. are produced in the pituitary gland
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Inflammation is an example of: a. innate immunity b. specific immunity
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a. innate immunity
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Which one of the following is NOT a function of lymph nodes? a. defense b. white blood cell production c. erythropoiesis (red blood cell formation) d. filtration of lymph
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c. erythropoiesis (red blood cell production) RBC formation takes place in bone marrow.
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This organ is located in the mediastinum (a space between the lungs), is involved in the maturation of T-lymphocytes and atrophies or gets smaller as we age. a. spleen b. thyroid c. pituitary d. thymus e. tonsils
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d. thymus
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The skin and mucosa serve a role in: a. specific immunity b. nonspecific immunity
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b. nonspecific immunity
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When an individual is exposed to a microorganism (for example, the mumps virus) and then develops resistance to future exposures. This is: a. natural active immunity b. natural passive immunity c. artificial active immunity d. artificial passive immunity
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a. natural active immunity
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The upper respiratory tract consist of the _________, the __________ and the ___________.
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pharynx, larynx, and nose
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The lower respiratory tract consists of the __________, the _________, and the __________.
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trachea, lungs, and bronchial tree
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The frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal cavities make up the ______.
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sinuses
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The ________ protrude into the nasal cavities and function to warm and humidify the air.
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conchal
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The four progressively smaller air tubes that connect the trachea and the alveolar sacs are the __________, ____________, ___________, and the ____________.
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primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, bronchioles, and the alveolar ductus
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A ___________ is a substance made by the lungs to help reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli.
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surfactant
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The exchange of gases between the blood and the tissues is called ________ ________.
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internal respiration
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The exchange of gases between the blood and the air in the lungs is called ________ _______.
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external respiration
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_________ ________ are the receptors that inhibit the inspiratory center that keeps the lungs from over-expanding.
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Stretch receptors
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___________ are the receptors that modify respiratory rates by responding to the amount of carbon dioxide, oxygen, or acid levels in the blood.
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Chemoreceptors
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The volume included in total lung capacity but not vital capacity is _________ volume.
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residual
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Exchange of gases in the respiratory system is: a. a passive process (diffusion) b. an active process
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a. a passive process (diffusion)
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"Breathing" is another name for: a. pulmonary ventilation b. cellular respiration
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a. pulmonary ventilation
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The structure that connects the middle ear and nasopharynx: a. fallopian tube b. bronchus c. vestibular tube d. eustachian tube e. none of the above
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d. eustachian tube
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All of the following are respiratory organs EXCEPT: a. nose b. esophagus c. trachea d. larynx e. bronchi
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b. esophagus
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Normal inspiration is: a. an active process b. a passive process
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a. an active process
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The function of surfactant is: a. to lubricate the bronchi b. to humidify the air we breathe c. to decrease the surface tension in the lungs so that they can expand d. to increase the surface tension in the lungs to keep them from collapsing
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c. to decrease surface tension in the lungs so that they can expand
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The greatest amount of air that one can breathe out in one expiration: a. tidal volume b. vital capacity c. reserve volume d. dead space
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b. vital capacity
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All of the following are true of pleura EXCEPT: a. it covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage b. it is a thin moist membrane c. it is divided into a visceral and parietal pleura d. it is a mucosa e. inflammation of the pleura is called pleurisy.
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d. it is a mucosa
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The thyroid cartilage is part of the: a. pharynx b. trachea c. larynx d. esophagus e. none of the above
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c. larynx
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The amount of air we breathe in and out with a normal breath is referred to as: a. residual volume b. tidal volume c. essential volume d. reserve volume
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b. tidal volume
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The pharynx is divided into three regions. Which one of the following is located most superiorly? a. oropoharynx b. nasopharynx c. laryngopharynx
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b. nasopharynx
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The vocal cords are part of the: a. pharynx b. trachea c. larynx d. esophagus e. none of the above
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c. larynx
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The major muscle of respiration: a. diaphragm b. anterior scalene c. sternocleidomastoid d. rectus abdominus e. none of the above
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a. diaphragm
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What nerve innervates the diaphragm causing it to contract? a. vagus b. phrenic c. radial d. pulmonary e. trochlear
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b. phrenic nerve
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Which is not and organ of the digestive system? a. stomach b. spleen c. pancreas d. duodenum e. colon
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b. spleen
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Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that aid in the digestion of: a. Proteins b. Carbohydrates c. Fats d. All of the above
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d. All of the above
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Vitamin K is: a. Water soluble b. Fat soluble
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b. Fat soluble
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A deficiency of this vitamin may lead to night blindness: a. vitamin K b. vitamin E c. vitamin B d. vitamin A e. vitamin C
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d. vitamin A
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The number of calories that must be produced to keep the body alive, awake, and comfortable warm: a. Accelerated Metabolic Rate b. Catabolic Rate c. Basal Metabolic Rate d. Anabolic Rate
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c. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
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Which organ has both exocrine and endocrine function? a. Gall bladder b. Liver c. Pancreas d. Spleen
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c. Pancreas
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A deficiency of this vitamin could lead to skeletal deformities: a. vitamin K b. vitamin E c. vitamin D d. vitamin A e. vitamin C
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c. vitamin D
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The resulting symptoms of a hiatal hernia are referred to as: a. appendictitis b. gastritis c. gastroesophageal reflux disease d. enteritis
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c. gastroesophageal reflux disease
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What gland secretes sodium bicarbonate to help neutralize the acidity of the gastric juice that enters the intestines? a. Gall bladder b. Liver c. Pancreas d. Spleen
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c. Pancreas
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True/False The hard palate is more anterior than the soft palate in the mouth.
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True
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Which of the following is the most distal part of the small intestine? a. duodenum b. jejeunum c. ileum d. colon
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c. ileum
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The mumps involves which one of the following glands? a. parotid b. palatine c. submandibular c. sublingual
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a. parotid
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Which one of the following is the "preferred" source of energy for the body? a. fats b. carbohydrates c. proteins
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b. carbohydrates
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The breaking down of larger food particles into smaller molecules: a. anabolism b. catabolism
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b. catabolism
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Name the four layers of the intestinal wall from inside out.
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mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa
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The ___________ and ___________ prevent food and liquid from entering the nasal cavity above the mouth when food is swallowed.
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uvula, and soft pallate
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The three main parts of a tooth are __________, ___________ and ____________.
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crown, root, and neck
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The three divisions of the stomach are the ________, ________ and _____________.
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fundus, body, and pylorus
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The common bile duct is formed by the union of the _______________ from the liver and the ______________ from the gallbladder.
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common hepatic duct, cystic duct
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The part of the large intestine between the ascending and descending colon is the _____________ colon.
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transverse colon
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The part of the large intestine between the descending and the rectum is called the _________ colon.
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sigmoid colon
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The two most prominent extensions of the peritoneum are the ____________ and the ____________.
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mesentery, and the greater omentum
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____________ is the effect bile has on fat droplets.
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Emulsification
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____________ is made in both the salivary gland and the Pancreas and digests starch.
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Amylase
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The __________ enzyme, is made in the stomach in an inactive form and digests protein.
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Pepsin- is secreted as Pepsinogen in order to not break down the cells
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The hormone ______________ stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder.
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cholecystokinin
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The enzyme _________ is made in the small intestine and digests protein.
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Pepsidase
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The ____________ is the duct that connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct.
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cystic duct
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The enzyme is made as an inactive form in the pancreas and digests protein; ______________.
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Trypsin
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This enzyme is made in the pancreas and digests fat.
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Lipase
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The process of ___________ occurs when food molecules enter the cells and undergo chemical changes.
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assimilation
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_____________ is the term used to describe all the chemical processes that release energy from food.
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Catabolism
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____________ is the term used to describe all the chemical processes that build food molecules into larger compounds.
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Anabolism
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The B vitamins are __________ soluble, whereas vitamins K and E are ______ soluble.
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water soluble, fat soluble
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The _____________________ is the total amount of energy used by the body per day.
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Total Metabolic Rate
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To lose weight, your total caloric intake must be less than your ________________.
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Total Metabolic Rate
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A way heat can be lost by the skin is __________, which is the transfer of heat to the air that is continually flowing away from the skin.
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convection
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One way heat can be lost by the skin is ________, which is the absorption of heat by water (sweat) vaporization.
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evaporation
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_____________ is the process used by the body as its second choice of energy metabolism. People with diabetes frequently must use this process.
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Fat Metabolism
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In a healthy body, __________ is used almost exclusively for anabolism rather than catabolism.
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protein
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___________ are amino acids needed by the body, but they can be made from other amino acids if they are not supplied in the diet.
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Nonessential
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___________ is a step in carbohydrate metabolism that does not require oxygen.
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Glycolysis
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__________ is a step in carbohydrate metabolism that does require oxygen.
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Citric acid cycle
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__________ is the part of the cell in which the citric acid cycle takes place
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mitochondria
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The _________ is the part of the cell in which glycolysis occurs
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cytoplasm
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__________ is glucose anabolism.
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Glycogenisis
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The outer part of the kidney: a. renal medulla b. renal cortex c. renal pelvis d. renal e. calyx
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b. renal cortex
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True/False Glucose is a normal finding in urine.
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False, it is normally reabsorbed into the bloodstream.
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Renal "colic" refers to: a. the pain associated with kidney stones b. a cough with urinary tract infections c. neither of the above
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a. the pain associated with kidney stones
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Diretics are drugs that: a. inhibit the production of urine b. stimulate the production of urine c. stimulate the production of RBCs d. Inhibit the production of RBCs
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b. stimulates the production of urine.
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For formation of urine, it is essential that the kidney has: a. a high rate of blood flow b. low rate of blood flow
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a. high rate of blood flow the kidney needs high pressure to filter waste
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The openings of the ureters and the urethra in the urinary bladder is a triangular shaped region called: a. Pascal's Triangle b. the trigone c. the rhomboid d. the equilateral triangle
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b. the trigone
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Urine formation begins with: a. secretion b. reabsorption c. filtration
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c. filtration
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A tuft or network of capillaries involved in filtration: a. loop of Henle b. glomerulus c. bowmann's capsule d. proximal convoluted tubules e. distal convoluted tubule
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b. glomerulus
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Normal adult urine output is approximately: a. 250-350 mL/ day b. 750-850 mL/day c. 1500-1600 mL/day d. 2500- 2600 mL/day e. 3500- 3600 mL/day
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c. 1500-1600 mL/day
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A process where kidney stones are broken up by ultrasound waves. a. MRI b. lithrotripsy c. nephrectomy d. dialysis
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b. lithrotripsy
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An acetone odor to the urine is indicative of: a. tuberculosis b. renal cell carcinoma c. diabetes insipidus d. diabetes mellitus e. Grave's disease
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d. Diabetes Mellitus
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Absence of urine: a. oliguria b. polyuria c.anuria d. pyuria e. none of the above
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c. anuria
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A bladder infection: a. pyelonephritis b. cystitis c. incontinence d. prostatitis
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b. cystitis
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The major components of the nephron: a. renal corpuscle b. renal pyramid c. hilum d. renal tubule e. both A and D
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e. Both A and D
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The kidneys receive about __________ % of the total amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute.
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20%
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The two parts of the renal tubules that extend into the medulla of the kidney are the __________ and the ________.
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loop of Henle, and the collecting duct
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The process of ___________ is the movement of a substance out of the renal tubules and into the blood.
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reabsorption
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The process of _________ causes substances in the blood to be pushed into Bowmann's capsule as a result of blood pressure in the glomerulus.
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filtration
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The process of __________ is the movement of substances from the blood into the distal tubule or the collecting tubule.
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secretion
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The involuntary muscle _______________ is at the exit of the bladder.
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internal urethral sphincter
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Blood plasma proteins help to: a. move interstitial fluid into the plasma b. move plasma into the interstitial fluid c. move extracellular fluid into the intracellular fluid d. move interstitial fluid into the extracellular fluid
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a. move interstitial fluid into the plasma
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True/False If fluid intake equals fluid output, then the total amount of water in the body will not change.
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True
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An excessive increase in the interstitial fluid: a. pneumonia b. turgor c. edema d. congestive heart failure e. none of the above
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c. edema
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Hyperventilation may cause: a. metabolic acidosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. respiratory acidosis d. respiratory alkalosis
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d. respiratory alkalosis
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Which is more important in maintaining homeostasis? a. fluid intake b. fluid output
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b. fluid output
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An increase in capillary pressure will: a. shift fluid into the capillaries b. shift fluid out of the capillaries
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b. shift fluid out of the capillaries
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Most of the sodium in our internal secretion is: a. excreted in the urine b. excreted in the feces c. reabsorbed in the small intestine d. reabsorbed in the large intestine
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d. reabsorbed in the large intestine
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The pH of blood: a. 6.35-6.45 b. 7.35-7.45 c. 8.35- 10.45 d. 9.45- 10.45
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b. 7.35- 7.45 Remember blood is slightly alkaline so slightly above 7
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Of the fluid compartments, which varies the least in terms of its volume? a. plasma b. interstitial fluid c. intracellular fluid
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a. plasma If blood pressure gets high the fluid moves out into the interstitial fluid, if it is low the interstitial fluid moves into the plasma.
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Which of the following is a buffer? a. lemon juice b. aldosterone c. antidiuretic hormone d. bicarbonate e. none of the above
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d. bicarbonate Is also normally found in its buffered pair as sodium bicarbonate
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The greatest amount of water is found in: a. interstitial fluid b. plasma c. intracellular fluid
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c. intracellular fluid
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Severe vomiting may lead to: a. metabolic acidosis b. metabolic alkalosis c. respiratory acidosis d. respiratory alkalosis e. none of the above
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b. metabolic alkalosis
question
The extracellular fluid compartment is composed of __________ and ___________.
answer
Interstitial fluid (IF), and plasma
question
The body's chief mechanism for maintaining fluid balance is that of adjusting its ___________.
answer
fluid output
question
The body has three sources of fluid intake; the liquids we drink, the water or food we eat, and water from ___________.
answer
catabolism
question
The four organs from which fluid output occurs are the ___________, ___________, ___________, and __________.
answer
Kidneys, lungs, skin, and intestines
question
Aldosterone causes: a. an increase in intracellular fluid b. a decrease in intracellular fluid c. an increase in extracellular fluid d. a decrease in extracellular fluid
answer
c. an increase in extracellular fluid Remember: where salt goes water follows
question
The enzyme that converts carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid is _______________.
answer
Carbonic anhydrase
question
The part of the nephron that is important in regulation of blood pH is the _____________.
answer
Distal Tubule
question
The kidney is more effective in pH regulation than the lung because it can remove _________, which the lung cannot do.
answer
bases
question
When a fixed acid is buffered in the blood, the amount of NaHCO3 in the blood: a. increases b. decreases
answer
b. decreases
question
When a fixed acid is buffered in the blood, the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood: a. increases b. decreases
answer
a. increases
question
When a fixed acid is buffered in the blood, the amount of H2CO3 in the blood: a. increases b. decreases
answer
a. increases
question
When a fixed acid is buffered in the blood, the pH of blood: a. increases b. decreases
answer
b. decreases
question
Which of the following statements is true? a. A solution with a pH of 5 has more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 2. b. A solution with a pH of 9 is a base c. The pH value increases as the number of hydrogen ions increase d. Both a and C are true
answer
b. A solution with a pH of 9 is a base
question
True/False The uterine tubes are directly in contact with the ovaries.
answer
False, there is a space between them.
question
Which of the following is not an effect of aging? a. renal mass decreases b. respiratory capacity decreases c. cardiac output at rest decreases d. brain mass decreases e. nerve conduction speed increases
answer
e. nerve conduction speed increases
question
A mature ovum in its sac: a. granulosa cell b. oogonia c. Graafian follicle d. interstitial cell e. none of the above
answer
c. Graafian follicle
question
The nucleus of a sperm cell is covered by a specialized structure that has lytic enzymes that are capable of penetrating the ova. This structure is called: a. cell membrane b. acrosome c. nucleosome d. nucleolus e. none of the above
answer
b. acrosome
question
Which of the following secrete the male sex hormone testoterone? a. follicular cells b. parafollicular cells c. interstitial cells d. epidermal cells e. none of the above
answer
c. interstitial cells
question
Which of the following is not part of the female external genitalia? a. mons pubis b. clitoris c. labia majora d. prepuce
answer
d. prepuce
question
Prostatic secretions: a. help to activate sperm and maintain their motility b. stimulate anabolism c. stimulate production of testosterone d. none of the above
answer
a. help to activate sperm and maintain their motility
question
The midpiece of sperm contains: a. cilia b. mitochondria c. acrosome d. nucleus
answer
b. mitochondria
question
The embryonic phase of development is: a. week 1 to week 3 of gestation b. week 3 to week 8 of gestation c. week 9 to week 15 of gestation d. week 20 to week 25 of gestation
answer
b. week 3 to week 8 of gestation
question
The membrane that covers the testicle and also divides the interior into lobes is called the ______________.
answer
tunica albuginea
question
The primary spermatocyte forms sperm cells by undergoing a specialized type of cell divisions called ____________.
answer
meiosis
question
The _____________ are a pair of glands that produce a thick, yellowish, fructose-rich fluid that makes up about 60% of the seminal fluid.
answer
Seminal vesicles
question
The penis is composed of three columns of erectile tissue; one is called the corpus spongiosum, the other two are called the ___________.
answer
corpora cavernosa
question
The process that produces the female gamete is called ____________.
answer
oogenisis
question
Meiosis in the female produces one large ovum and three small daughter cells called ______________, which degenerate.
answer
polarbodies
question
The muscle layer of the uterus is called the __________.
answer
Myometrium
question
The uterus is composed of two parts; the upper part, called the body, and the narrow lower part, called the ___________.
answer
cervix or cervix of uterus
question
The milk-secreting glandular cells of the breast are arranged in grapelike structures called __________. These drain into ____________ ducts that converge toward the nipple.
answer
alveoli, lactiferous
question
___________ is a pituitary hormone that stimulates the formation of an egg follicle.
answer
FSH, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
question
________ is an ovarian hormone that reaches its highest concentration in the proliferative phase.
answer
Estrogen
question
The ____________ phase is the phase of the reproductive cycle that begins after ovulation.
answer
secretory phase
question
This ovarian hormone reaches its highest concentration during the secretory phase; _____________.
answer
progesterone
question
__________ is a pituitary hormone that can be called the ovulating hormone.
answer
LH, Luteinizing Hormone
question
This phase begins when the uterine wall begins to thicken during the reproductive cycle; ________________.
answer
Proliferative phase
question
After about 3 days of mitosis, the fertilized ovum forms a solid mass of cells called ____________.
answer
morula
question
Mitosis continues, and by the time the developing egg reaches the uterus, it has become solid ball of cells called the ________________.
answer
blastocyst
question
The three primary germ layers are the ___________, _____________, and the ____________.
answer
endoderm, ectoderm, and the mesoderm
question
The process by which the primary germ layers develop into tissues is called ________________.
answer
histogenisis
question
The process by which tissues develop into organs is called ______________.
answer
orgogenisis
question
Which of the following is the best approximation for the volume of blood in a typical adult? a. 1 liter b. 2 liters c. 5 liters d. 8 liters e. 10 liters
answer
c. 5 liters
question
A decrease in white blood cells is referred to as: a. polycythemia b. leukemia c. leukopenia d. anemia e. leukocytosis
answer
c. leukopenia
question
A single layer of squamous epithelial cells lining the inner surface of the circulatory system: a. epicardium b. endothelium c. myocardium d. pericardium
answer
b. endothelium
question
Most important vessel for the regulation of blood pressure: a. arterioles b. capillaries c. venules
answer
a. arterioles
question
The most numerous cells of the immune system: a. monocytes b. lymphocytes c. eosinophils d. erythrocytes e. basophils
answer
b. lymphocytes
question
A macrophage is a type of: a. lymphocyte b. plasma cell c. phagocyte d. platelet e. thrombocyte
answer
c.phagocyte
