final exam for coach nix – Flashcards
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| what measures the amount of heat released or absorbed during a chemical process? |
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| thermometer |
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| what affect does increasing the temperature have on the reaction rate? |
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| it makes the reaction go faster |
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| how do catalysts affect reaction rates |
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| they speed up the reaction by lowering the activation energy |
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| what is true of products and reactants at equilibrium? |
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| their concentrations are the same |
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| how are hydroniums ions formed? |
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| when H2O receives an H+ |
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| a strong acid titrated with a strong bade will produce a solution with what pH? |
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| 7 |
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| How do you determine pH if the pOH is 12? |
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| subtract 12 from 14 |
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| what is the end point in a titration? |
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| where the indicator changes color |
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| what is the equivalence point in a titration |
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| where the acids and the bases are neutral |
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| a solution with more [OH-] than [H+] is called |
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| basic |
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| a solution with more [H+] than [OH-] is called |
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| acidic |
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| a solution with equal amounts of [OH-] and [H+] is called |
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| neutral |
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| what is the equation for the self ionization of water? |
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| 2H2O= H3O + OH |
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| what is the value of Kw? |
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| 1.00 x 1014 |
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| what are the products of a neutralization reaction? |
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| salt and water |
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| what is the formula for pH? |
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| pH= -log(H+) |
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| an alkane only contains what type of atoms? Bonds? |
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| Carbon and Hydrogen; single bonds |
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| all organic compounds contain what element? |
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| carbon |
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| nonpolar solutes dissolve best in what types of solutes? |
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| nonpolar |
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what type of solution conatins less dissolved solute that a saturated solution at the same temperature? |
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| unsaturated |
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| what functional group signifies alcohol? |
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| OH or hydroxyl group |
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| how many ions will form when MgCl2 ionizes? |
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| 3 |
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| how do bases taste? |
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| bitter |
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| what is the relationship between an acid and its conjugate base? |
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| that have an opposite or reverse relationship |
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| what is the arrehnius definition of an acid and a base? |
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| an acid is an H+ donor and a base is an H+ acceptor |
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| what is the bronsted lowry definition of an acid and a base? |
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| acid has H+ base has OH |
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| define heat |
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| energy flowing from hot to cold |
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| what is the SI unit for heat and energy |
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| joule |
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| what makes up the universe? |
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| system and surroundings |
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| what is entropy? |
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| measure of disorder |
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| what states that a spontaneous process always proceeds in a way that the entropy of the universe increases |
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| law of disorder |
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| the heat required to raise one gram of substance is called |
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| specific heat |
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| device used to meature the heat absorbed or released in a reaction |
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| calorimeter |
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| a reaction that can occur in both the forward and reverse directions is called |
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| a reversible reaction |
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| what direction would increasing the concentration of products affect the equilibrium position |
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| it would move it back to the left |
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what will slow down the rate of the reaction |
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| an inhibitor |
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| what will speed up the rate of the reaction? |
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| a catalyst |
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the amount of energy needed to form the activated complex is called |
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| activation energy |
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| the amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water one degree Celcius is |
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calorie |
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| if the heat content of the reaction system increases then it is a |
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| endothermic reaction |
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| if the heat content of the system decreases then it is called |
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| an exothermic reaction |
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| what principle determines the way equilibrium will shift if stress is placed on the system |
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| Le Chatlier's principle |
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| what are the products of a neutralization reaction |
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salt and water |
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| pH +;pOH= |
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14 |
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| two liquids that are capable of being mixed are said to be |
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| miscible |
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| the coefficients of balanced chemical equation represent the |
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| mole ratios |
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| before you can solve and stoichiometric probelm, the equation must first be |
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| balanced |
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the substance in the chemical reaction that keeps the reaction from continuing to go forward is the |
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| limiting reactant |
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| the predicted amoun of product that will form is called the _______. The amount that is actually prodeced is called the ________. |
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| Theoretical yeild and actual yeild. |
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| the SI based unit used to measure the amount of a substance |
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| mole |
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| the ratio of actual to theoretical yeild is a chemical reaction is called ________. |
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| % yeild |
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| write;a balanced equation for the following reation: sodium chloride and magnesium bromide react to form 2 products |
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| 2NaCl + MgBr = 2NaBr + MgCl2 |
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| to complete the stoichiometric problem you have to convert the known grams of a substance to what? |
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| moles |
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| how many grams of potassium chloride are produces if 25g of potassium chlorate decompose? |
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2KClO3 -; 2KCl + 3O2 |
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| what state of matter has the highest compressibility? |
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| gas |
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| which state of matter has the lowest kinetic energy? |
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| solid |
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| the average amount of kinetic energy conatined in a substance is called? |
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| temperature |
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| what type of forces determines what state of matter a substance will;be? |
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intermolecular forces |
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| these are the three types of _________ forces: ionic, covalent, metallic. |
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| intramolecular |
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| a collision between gas particles where no kinetic energy is lost is said to be |
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| elastic |
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| standard atmosperic pressure is ______mmHg to ____ atm. |
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| 760; 1 |
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| what is avogadro's number? |
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| 6.02 x 1023 |
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| the _______ _______ theory describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion. |
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| kinetic molecular |
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| the sum of pressures of each gas = total pressure of the micture of gasses |
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1:2 |
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| a measure of resistance of a liquid to flow is called |
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| viscosity |
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| what property of water allows a needle to float on its surface |
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| high surface tension |
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| solids with irregular, non repeating particles are called |
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| amorphous solids |
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| phase change when solid goes straight to gas without becoming a liwuid first |
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| sublimation |
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if a substance can dissolve into a solvent, it is said to be |
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soluble |
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| shaking and stirring, called _______ does what to solubility? |
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| agitation; increases |
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| what is the most common liquid solvent? |
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| water |
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| what is molarity? how is it expressed? |
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| concentration; mol/liter |
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| what is molality? |
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| moles of solute ÷ kg of solvent |
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| when you add a solute to a solvent the temperature at which a solvent boils _________. this is called the boiling point ___________. |
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| increases; elevation |
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| what property is being expressed when you add rock salt to ice to make ice cream? |
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| the colligative property of freezing poing depression |
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| the ability of a solution to conduct electricity is called |
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| electrolyte |
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| a _____ solution contains a small amount of solute relative to the solute's solubility |
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dilute |
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| when a solution crystalizes it is said to be ______. |
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| supersaturated |
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| volume of gas at STP is |
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| 22.4 L |
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| hydrocarbons contain what elements? |
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| hydrogen and carbon |
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| all organic molecules contain what element? |
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| carbon |
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| name the following: CH3CH2CH2CH3 |
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| butane |
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| what is the formula for an alcohol functional group? |
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| -OH |
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name the following: CH3CH;CHCH3 (doulbe bond instead of three) |
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| butene (doulbe bond instead of three) |
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| general formula for an alkane? |
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| Cn H2n+2 |
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| what is the formula for an amine group? what the key element to look for? |
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| -N; Nitrogen |
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