Final Exam Flashcard Answers

Boiling Points:

1. CH₄
2. NH₃
3. H₂O

How strong is the hydrogen bond?

K_a equation for following reaction of weak acid (HX):

HX + H₂O - H₃O⁺ + X^-

Electronegativities of following elements:

H          C          N          O          F

                        P           S          Cl

pK_a of methane:

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pK_a of an alkene:

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pK_a of a terminal alkyne:

R?C—H

E^A difference between eclipsed and staggered ethane:

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Difference in energy between gauche and anti-butane:

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How much more stable is the chair confomer than the half-chair confomer of cyclohexane?

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How much more stable is equitorial methyl-cyclohexane than axial-methylcyclohexane?

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In what category do these belong? Name them:

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Formula for number of possible enantiomers:

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What are the relative rates of the following alkyl-halides for S_N2 reactions?

1. methyl halide (1°)
2. ethyl halide (1°)
3. isopropyl halide (2°)
4. neopentyl halide (1° - special case)
5. tertiary (3°) alkyl halide 

1. ?G and
2. Rate equation for reaction: 

CH₃—Cl + ^-OH > CH₃—OH + Cl^-

Rank these oxygen containing compounds in order of decreasing nucleophilicity:

^-OH, H₂O, RO^-, ROH, RCO₂^-

Rank these compounds in order of decreasing nucleophilicity:

HS^-, I^-, ^-OH, CN^-

Rank these compounds in order of decreasing nucleophilicity:

CH₃CO₂^-, CH₃OH, CH₃O^-,CH₃CO₂H, CN^-

What are the torsional energies of the following butane conformations:

1. anti
2. eclipsed II and VI
3. eclipsed IV
4. gauche 

For ethene, what are the:

1. hybridization state of carbons
2. bond angles

Definitions of:

1. BrOnsted acid
2. BrOnsted base

Definitions of:

1. Lewis acid
2. Lewis base