FCS 331 Oropeza: Exam 3 – Flashcards
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Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer. He should _____.
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avoid drinking alcohol
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_____ are water-soluble vitamins.
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Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin
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The human body can absorb some _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.
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biotin
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Which of the following vitamins is not added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process?
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Vitamin B-6
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Which of the following food groups includes foods that are among the best sources of riboflavin?
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Grains
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Ron's diet lacks niacin. He hasn't developed pellagra, because he consumes a high-protein diet that contains plenty of _____, the precursor for niacin.
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tryptophan
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Ronald has an inherited metabolic defect in which his cells have difficulty processing homocysteine to methionine. His physician may recommend vitamin _____ supplements to help Ronald's body metabolize homocysteine.
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B-6
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Pregnant women who have a history of inadequate _____ intakes are at risk of having babies with neural tube defects.
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folate
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Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin B-12?
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Lean meats
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Which vitamin is needed to make coenzyme A?
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Pantothenic acid
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_____ results from lack of intrinsic factor.
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Pernicious anemia
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Vitamin C _____.
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is needed to form strong collagen
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Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?
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In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
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An symptom of vitamin A deficiency is _____________.
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night blindness
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Vitamin D helps the body absorb _____________.
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phosphorus and calcium
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____________ is a condition associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults that is characterized by softening of the bones.
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Osteomalacia
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Which of the following foods contains the highest amount of vitamin E per serving?
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Almonds
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
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Energy metabolism is an important function of fat-soluble vitamins.
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Which of the following foods is a good source of thiamin?
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Enriched bread
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Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high. To lower her cholesterol level, she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement, but she experienced severe facial flushing and liver damage as a result. Based on this information, which vitamin did she take?
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Niacin
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Erika takes megadoses of vitamin B-6 because she thinks it benefits her health. After learning about this vitamin in your nutrition class, which of the following statements about vitamin B-6 would be the most accurate information to tell her?
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Ingesting large doses of vitamin B-6 can cause nerve damage.
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Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone act to increase urinary _________.
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water conservation
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__________ is necessary for proper muscle contraction.
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Calcium
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Calcitonin _________.
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signals osteoblasts to remove excess calcium from blood
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A team of chemists have isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from a rare kind of mushroom. The researchers determine that the chemical donates electrons to other substances in the environment that are missing electrons. Based on this information, the chemists are likely to have discovered a (n) _____.
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antioxidant
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Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?
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Boiling in a saucepan of water
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_____ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body.
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Retinol
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Barry is a vegan. His diet does not include foods that contain preformed vitamin A, and he does not take any vitamin A supplements. Nevertheless, his body has adequate vitamin A stores. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for Barry's adequate vitamin A status?
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He eats plenty of foods that contain beta-carotene
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Which of the following statements is true?
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Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight.
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Vitamin _____ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.
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E
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The human body needs vitamin K to _____________.
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form active blood clotting factors
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Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?
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Green leafy vegetables
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______________ is an inherited respiratory disease that interferes with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
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Cystic fibrosis
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The ariboflavinosis is characterized by cheilosis or ____________.
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scaling and cracking of the skin around the mouth
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Blake is a college student whose diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, chicken, meat, cheese, yogurt, and milk. Furthermore, he doesn't take dietary supplements. Based on this information, Blake has a high risk of developing _____.
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scurvy
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People are likely to develop ___________ when they consume diets that are low in niacin and animal protein.
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pellagra
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Ingesting large quantities of raw eggs may cause a biotin deficiency because ________ reduces the absorption of biotin.
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avidin
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Older adults are at risk of vitamin B-12 deficiency, because they often have __________________.
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food-cobalamin malabsorption
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A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. She knows the RDA/AI for each mineral, one of which has an AI of 30 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?
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Trace mineral
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Phytic acid and oxalic acid are substances in certain __________ foods that interfere with mineral absorption in the human intestinal tract.
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animal
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Parathyroid hormone _________
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enhances the body's ability to retain calcium
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Osteoporosis is characterized by _________.
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loss of bone mass and structure
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Which of the following statements about calcium is false?
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After bones are formed early in life, the body has no need for calcium
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In the human body, water is involved in _________.
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transporting substances
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We maintain the balance of intracellular and extracellular water by controlling concentrations of _______ in each compartment
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ions
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Which of the following organs is not directly involved in maintaining the body's fluid balance?
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Thyroid gland
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__________ is a diuretic because it inhibits the release of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland.
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Alcohol
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__________ is a degenerative brain disorder associated with deficiency of thiamin and is most commonly caused by excessive alcohol consumption.
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
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Deficiency of _________ can lead to megaloblastic anemia.
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folate and/or vitamin B-12
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Pantothenic acid deficiency is rare in the US, but a symptom of pantothenic acid deficiency is ____________.
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burning feet syndrome
