question

1. A fundamental change in marriage in the 20th century was

answer

a. a shift toward allowing individuals to achieve a more fulfilling sense of self

question

2. Francesca Cancian conducted a study on changing beliefs about marriage that involved

answer

c. using popular magazine articles from 1900-1979

question

3. The breadwinner-homemaker model of marriage

answer

a. flourished in the 1950s

question

4. The heyday of the U.S. dating system was in the 20-year period 1945-1965. Which of the following factors was not important in encouraging the dating system?

answer

c. There were high rates of premarital sex.

question

5. Before the turn of the 20th century, parents were able to ¬¬¬__________

answer

a. control the movements and monitor the behaviors of their children.

question

6. After the 1900s, young people in the United States acquired ________, which changed a centuries-old system of courtship.

answer

d. spending money

question

7. Which of the following is not a factor in the rise of the love marriage in other countries?

answer

b. incompatibility with gender inequality

question

8. Some recent trends with respect to first marriages are:

answer

a. typical age is higher, and many people cohabit before marriage.

question

9. Burgess, a family sociologist,

answer

did not foresee the dual-earner marriage overtaking the breadwinner-homemaker

question

10. By the 1880s, young people in the United States defined love as a basis of

answer

a. sympathy, openness, and understanding.

question

11. Americans increasingly are entering into marriage because

answer

c. they want to increase their level of personal satisfaction.

question

12. Which of the following was not a factor in changing the nature of marriage from companionship to individualization?

answer

d. the migration of large numbers of people to rural areas

question

13. At the start of the 20th century, young people tended to live with their parents due to

answer

b. a lower standard of living.

question

14. ___________________________ is one of the major reasons listed as to why people still marry.

answer

c. Enforceable trust

question

15. Compared to women with less education and lower earnings, the specialization model predicts that women with more education and higher earnings are __________ likely to marry, while the income-pooling model predicts they are __________likely to marry.

answer

a. less; more

question

16. In spite of the various changes that have weakened the role of marriage, the institution still possesses certain advantages over cohabitation. Which of the following is not an advantage presented by the textbook?

answer

c. Being married enables couples to make joint purchases.

question

17. In contemporary Mexico, a man may "slap" his wife, but a "blow" to his wife is never justified.

answer

a. true

question

18. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, companionship and sexual fulfillment became more important to a successful marriage.

answer

a. true

question

19. The courtship process was developed in the United States.

answer

b. false

question

20. Recent studies suggest that gay and lesbian couples split domestic chores more equitably than heterosexual couples regardless of the demands of outside employment.

answer

b. false

question

1. The familial mode of production refers to:

answer

d. Family members jointly producing many of the goods they consume or sell

question

2. Which of the following factors is NOT related to women's increased participation in the labor force?

answer

a. Expansion of manufacturing jobs

question

3. Husbands' greater power and authority in the contemporary United States is due in large part to:

answer

a. Their higher earnings

question

4. In terms of power and authority in the home, greater power accrues to:

answer

d. The family member who produces for exchange value

question

5. The most important twentieth-century development in family power has been

answer

b. The movement of married women into employment outside home

question

6. Service sector workers tend to be women in all but the following case:

answer

d. Lawyer

question

7. The types of jobs available to most Black women who were in labor force in the USA prior to the 1960s were:

answer

b. Domestic service

question

8. Which of the following factors does not increase a woman's earning potential in contemporary U.S. society?

answer

c. early childbearing

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9. Face-to-face activity in which one person meets the needs of another who cannot fully care for herself or himself is called

answer

c. care work.

question

10. Most childcare assistance currently offered by U.S. business firms benefits

answer

b. the middle class.

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11. Those most likely to spend larger shares of their personal incomes of their salaries or incomes on personal consumption are

answer

d. Men

question

12. The policy that U.S. workers most desire in their efforts to accommodate work and family demands is .

answer

c. flextime

question

13. In the average household in the USA, wives spend about .......... as much time performing household chores as their husbands.

answer

b. twice

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14. Middle-class men perform significantly more household chores than men in working- or lower-class families.

answer

b. False

question

15. When wives spend a significant period of their lives taking care of children and the household, they contribute to the

answer

a. "Relationship-specific investment"

question

16. The United States has been a frontrunner among industrialized nations in implementing family-friendly policies for U.S. workers.

answer

b. False

question

17. In the United States, most companies provide some form of childcare assistance.

answer

b. False

question

18. The least progress in making the workplace more responsive to workers' family needs has been:

answer

c. In occupations that don't pay well

question

19. People tend to devalue and demean the type s of work that historically have been performed by women.

answer

a. True

question

20. In 2002, which state became the first to require employees to provide parental leave with partial pay?

answer

b. California

question

1. Many critics of the U.S. family charge that it is failing in the central responsibility of the public family, which they define as

answer

b. providing children with the care, supervision, and discipline they need to become well-adjusted, productive adults.

question

2. The different manner in which parents treat male and female children can be attributed to ______, which have little to do with true biological differences.

answer

c. gender roles

question

3. The major source of primary socialization for children in the United States is

answer

c. family.

question

4. Two important aspects of U.S. parents' socialization of their children are

answer

d. providing emotional support and exercising control.

question

5. The best parents—that is, those who are most likely to produce children who are socially competent—perform three tasks well: (1) They set clear standards, (2) they enforce standards consistently without harsh punishment, and (3) they __________

answer

b. provide substantial emotional support.

question

6. Working parents with children in daycare tend to

answer

a. sacrifice more of their free time to spend extra time with their children.

question

7. Recent research on fathering suggests that

answer

b. the father's involvement is correlated with positive development in both sons and daughters.

question

8. In studies of white, middle-class families in Iowa who were under economic pressure, Elder and Conger found that fathers in these families

answer

c. were irritable and hostile toward their wives and children.

question

9. It appears that parents are trying to spend more time engaged with their children. Which of the following factors account(s) for this trend?

answer

a. cutting back on housework

question

10. There are considerable research findings suggesting that poor, black, single mothers may be more vulnerable to psychological distress than white, single mothers with comparable incomes. This occurs because the black mothers

answer

d. are more likely to have been chronically poor.

question

11. One research study in which psychologists compared young African-American mothers, grandmothers, and children living in the same household revealed that the quality of parenting by both the mother and grandmother

answer

a. was lower when the three generations lived in the same household.

question

12. Recent research on the effects of out-of-home childcare suggests that children who have spent a lot of time in childcare show an increase in ______ behaviors.

answer

c. disobedient

question

13. The few, and admittedly biased, studies of children growing up in lesbian families compared to heterosexual families show that

answer

b. there is little significant difference between the two groups of children.

question

14. Which of the following statements concerning children of divorce is true?

answer

c. They are better off living in a single-parent family

question

15. The overall poverty rate for U.S. children in the early 1990s was about 22 percent. Compared with other groups, the poverty rate for black children was

answer

a. higher.

question

16. Which of the following groups of children increased in the United States from 1969 on?

answer

d. both poverty and luxury groups

question

17. One of the most significant differences between the well-being of children in other Western nations and children in the United States is the _____ that characterize(s) other countries.

answer

d. generous social welfare programs

question

18. Sociological and psychological research confirms that "sparing the rod" spoils the child.

answer

b. false

question

19. In the United States, parents treat sons and daughters differently.

answer

a. True

question

20. U.S. children are poorer than those in any other Western (industrialized) nation.

answer

b. false

question

1. The stepfamily is viewed as incomplete institution because

answer

b. There is a lack of clear rules governing its functioning

question

2. In all discussions of stepfamilies it is obvious that the primary ingredient in making a stepfamily "work" in ways similar to the common conjugal unit is that members

answer

a. Put the effort into creating kinship ties

question

3. Legally, stepparents have little relationship to their stepchildren.

answer

a. True

question

4. The family members who have the highest chances to become lonely and isolated in their old age are

answer

a. Divorced men who did not remarry

question

5. One of the critical factors determining whether a child considers a stepparent a "real" parents is

answer

a. The age of the child when the stepparent joined the household

question

6. Historically, women, as opposite to men, have been perceived as "wicked" stepparents, who are uncaring, jealous, and sometimes cruel toward their stepchildren. Currently, researchers speculate that his negative perception remains because of

answer

b. Competition of part-time stepmothers with full-time biological mothers

question

7. Divorced people in the 2000s in the USA are not less inclined to live with someone, but they seem to have

answer

a. Substituted cohabitation for remarriage

question

8. When we define a stepfamily based on household boundaries, the one element crucial to this definition is

answer

d. That there are children from the previous union living in the household

question

9. The well-being of children in stepfamily households shows a dramatic improvement over the well being of children in divorced, single-parent households.

answer

b. False

question

10. In many court cases where biological parents have contested the rights of stepparents to raise children living with them, ............have won.

answer

b. The biological parents

question

11. Remarriage can have unexpected benefits including:

answer

c. creating a new extended family.

question

12. The position a stepparent attains in a family depends on

answer

a. the effort he or she puts into developing a close relationship with the stepchildren.

question

13. Of the types of kinship ties, which is more likely to change over the course of a person's lifetime?

answer

b. created kinship ties

question

14. The original Old English prefix "step," as in "stepmother," signified a relationship caused by

answer

b. death

question

15. Remarriage rates tend to be lower for:

answer

d. the poor than the nonpoor.

question

16. The finding that a teenage first marriage (and divorce later) also accounts for a later remarriage and another divorce would support which of the following theories or perspectives on remarriage?

answer

a. selection theory

question

17. With the increasing numbers of remarriages and subsequent stepfamilies, the practices of the court system in the United States have been

answer

b. evolving slowly toward recognizing some rights and responsibilities of stepparents

question

18. Nine of ten remarriages in the United States today follow a divorce rather than a death.

answer

a. true

question

19. Stepfathers in general are less likely to invest time and effort into their stepchildren's lives than are biological fathers.

answer

a. true

question

20. Each person in a stepfamily has his own distinctive remarriage chain.

answer

a. true

question

1. Much attention to domestic violence followed the trial and acquittal of O. J. Simpson, who was accused of murdering his former wife, Nicole. Whether or not we believe Simpson was guilty, one of the positive results of his trial for victims of domestic violence has been

answer

d. legislation to arrest perpetrators whether or not the victim presses charges.

question

2. Attention to domestic violence by the U.S. public and government appears to depend on

answer

b. the power of various political and social groups.

question

3. Child abuse is least likely to occur in which type of family?

answer

a. families in which both parents are employed

question

4. Which of the following typifies "situational couple violence"?

answer

b. It arises from a particular incident.

question

5. Female victims of violence in the United States face the highest risk of physical injury

answer

a. from someone they know well.

question

6. The literature currently available suggests an association for women between forced sex and subsequent

answer

c. riskier sexual activity.

question

7. Which of the following characterizes "intimate terrorism"?

answer

a. It escalates into serious violence and injury. b. It is motivated by [a need for?] control. c. Most perpetrators are men. d. all of these

question

8. Men with more income can trade money for desired behavior from their wives, rather than incur the risks of using violence to obtain desired behavior. This fact best reflects which of the following perspectives on domestic violence?

answer

b. social exchange

question

9. An analysis of wife beating in preliterate and peasant societies reveals that men were more likely to beat their wives

answer

b. when men's economic power over women was greater.

question

10. Most reports of rape in National Crime Victimization surveys reveal that the rape was committed

answer

d. by someone the victim knew.

question

11. Which of the following was not a societal condition that resulted in helping victims of domestic violence in the United States? a. increased emphasis on individualism b. the feminist movement c. increase in support services for victims

answer

d. commitment to maintain the traditional two-parent family

question

12. Among peers, those most likely to be both victims and aggressors in sexual aggression are

answer

a. living in dormitories. b. members of fraternities or sororities. c. using alcohol and drugs. d. all of these

question

13. Of the three types of relationships—dating, married, and cohabiting relationships—which has the highest incidence of physical assault?

answer

c. cohabiting

question

14. In repeat intervention by police officers in domestic violence cases, researchers found that arresting the offender worked to decrease domestic violence only when the offender

answer

b. was employed.

question

15. The fundamental goal of the feminist movement in the United States concerning domestic violence was

answer

c. to remove the social supports for male violence in our culture.

question

16. Advocates of the medical model of domestic violence perceive the solution to domestic violence to be

answer

.b. intervention by health and social welfare professionals.

question

17. If a domestic violence advocate were operating under the political model, he/she would be most apt to support which of the following?

answer

a. increasing women's pay to a level equal to men's

question

18. A 1988 study found that elderly people were most likely to be abused by

answer

a. their children

question

19. Male dominance today is based in part upon the use of, or threat of, force against women.

answer

a. true

question

20. The vast majority of parents in the United States does not spank or slap their children.

answer

b. false

question

1. Public awareness of nursing home care for the elderly has been influenced in recent years by numerous exposé-type news articles and documentaries. This focus has had the perhaps unintended result of many U.S. citizens believing that a _______ of the elderly live in nursing homes, when in fact, most of the elderly are cared for by ________.

answer

b. Majority; members of their families

question

2. Presently, the most common living arrangements among elderly women in the U.S. is

answer

b. Living alone

question

3. An adult child who takes care of elderly parents - shopping and cooking for them, taking them to doctors, and so on - is producing a

answer

c. Public good

question

4. According to their own responses to different surveys, what do most of the elderly in Western nations prefer in their relationships with their children and grandchildren?

answer

a. "Intimacy at distance"

question

5. To assess the degree of intergenerational solidarity among the elderly in the United States and their relatives, professionals focus on contact, affinity, and ______________.

answer

b. Assistance

question

6. The family members who have the highest chances to become lonely and isolated in their old age are

answer

a. Divorced men who did not remarry

question

7. Which of the following factors makes it easier for grandparents today, in contrast to earlier generations, to have emotionally satisfying relationship with their grandchildren?

answer

b. Fewer grandchildren and more resources to give them

question

8. As presented in the textbook, one of the biggest problems that our society is facing is

answer

a. The gradual depletion of Social Security Funds

question

9. As the longevity in our society dramatically increased, the "beanpole" family, i.e. a family consisting of four or more generations, became prevalent

answer

b. False

question

10. Women who assume caregiver roles for their elderly relatives are more likely to be poor than non-caregivers.

answer

a. True

question

11. Compared with present times, which of the following factors did NOT contribute to the elderly relying on kin for support in the history of our country?

answer

a. Social welfare programs

question

12. Overall, the contact among the elderly, their children, and their grandchildren in the United States is high.

answer

a. True

question

13. The increase in the elderly populations and their relative voice in the society seems to suggest that

answer

a. Implementing changes that would decrease their Social Security and Medicare benefits will be difficult

question

14. The focus of the video clip "Living Old" that was shown in class was on the difficulties the taxpayers have to support financially the current elderly population.

answer

b. False

question

15. In the same video clip it was suggested that currently there is a shortage of physicians specializing in the health problems of the elderly in our society.

answer

a. True

question

16. The most common generation linkage of kind in the USA is ........generations.

answer

c. Three

question

17. Based on current figures, you and your parents' lives, on average, will overlap by about ....years.

answer

a. 50

question

18. According to most research, grandparents in earlier historical eras of the USA were:

answer

a. Emotionally distant

question

19. Elderly men are as likely as elderly women to do the work of" kin-keeping".

answer

b. False

question

20. Which of the three generations of American workers are the biggest "losers"?

answer

c. The generation of people currently entering the job market.

question

20. Which of the three generations of American workers are the biggest "losers"?

answer

c. The generation of people currently entering the job market.

question

20. Which of the three generations of American workers are the biggest "losers"?

answer

c. The generation of people currently entering the job market.

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