Extraoral and Intraoral Examinations – Flashcards
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examination objectives
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-provide baseline -prevent development -identify suspected conditions
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what percent of cancers does oral cancer account for?
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3-4%
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what can early detection of oral cancer cure?
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exceeding 90%
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what is the principle method for detecting oral cancer?
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observation by the dental professional
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most common sites of cancer in oral cavity
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-lateral border of tongue -oropharynx (hard/soft palate) -lower lip -floor of mouth
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failure to detect oral cancer is
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malpractice
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why should you ask about alcohol and tobacco use?
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biggest contributions to oral cancer
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the combination of tobacco and alcohol use does what?
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further influences the growth of oral cancer
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what is the act of viewing and watching the client to collect data?
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observation/inspection
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what is the act of using the sense of touch to collect data?
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palpation
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what is the act of listening to and detecting body sounds in order to determine variations from normal?
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ausculation
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what is the act of sensing body odors to detect variations from normal and potential disease?
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olfaction
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what is the use of a single finger to move or press against tissue?
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digital palpation
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what is the use of one or more fingers and thumb to move or compress tissue?
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bidigital palpation
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what is the use finger of one hand and fingers and thumb of other hand simultaneously to move or compress tissue?
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bimanual palpation
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what is the use fingers of both hands simultaneously to move or press on contralateral sides of the head/neck?
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bilateral palpation
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digital palpation
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Use of a single finger to move or press against tissue
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bidigital palpation
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use of one or more fingers and thumb to over or compress tissue
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bimanual palpation
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Use finger of one hand and fingers and thumb of other hand simultaneously to move or compress tissue
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bilateral palpation
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Use fingers of both hands simultaneously to move or press on contralateral sides of the head/neck
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what is the function of thyroid gland?
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secretes thyroid hormone that controls metabolism
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where is the thyroid gland located?
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middle of lower neck over trachea
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what is the shape of a thyroid gland?
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bow tie shape (butterfly shape)
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what is an enlarged thyroid gland?
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goiter
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what symptom gives away that someone has graves disease?
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bulging eyes (surprised face)
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what is hyperthyroidism (over-active)?
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graves disease
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what is it called when the eyes bulge from graves disease?
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exophthalmus
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what is hypothyroidism? (under-active)
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hashimoto's
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what is the network of lymph nodes connected by vessels which defends against infection?
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lymphatic system
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what is the function of lymph?
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fluid carries nutrients and waste between body tissue and bloodstream
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what is the shape/structure of lymph nodes?
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bean shaped
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what do lymph nodes filter and trap?
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bacteria, fungi, waste
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how many lymph nodes are in the body?
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400-700
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how many lymph nodes are in the neck?
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170-300
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why do lymph nodes become infected?
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-inflammatory condition -cancer
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medical term for enlarged lymph node
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lymphadenopathy
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how is the patient seated for extra oral exam?
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upright with patient glasses removed
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how do you observe the patient extra oral exam?
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observe symmetry of head, neck, eyes, nose, mouth, ears, and complexion
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how is the patient seated for intra oral exam?
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supine position
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what do you do first with an intra oral exam?
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use tongue depressor to do an overall exam of oral cavity
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what do you do after tongue depressor (intra orally)?
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follow up with cursory exam with initial visual exam using the mirror
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varicosity
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enlargement of vein in that area (like spider veins)
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epithelial tag on frenum
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lesion on frenum
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exostosis
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extra bone growth
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leukoedema
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film on mucosa
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friction keratosis
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cheek biting
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nicotine stomatitis
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keratinization and inflammation of minor salivary ducts associated with smoking
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bifurcated uvula
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not a problem
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tonsilloliths
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tonsil stones
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benign migratory glossitis
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geographic tongue (map like pattern)
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macule
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A circumscribed, nonraised area of epidermis altered in color from its surroundings
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patch
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A circumscribed pigmented or textured area larger than a macule
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erosion mouth
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A denudation of epithelium above the basal cell layer
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ulcer
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A loss of epithelium that extends below the basal cell layer
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scar
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A permanent mark indicating previous wound healing
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fissure mouth
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a linear crack in the epidermis
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papule
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An elevated, solid lesion *less than 1 cm* in diameter
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plaque
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A flat, raised area larger than 1 cm in diameter
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nodule
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A raised, solid mass that has the dimension of depth and is less than 1 cm in diameter
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tumor
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A solid, raised benign or malignant mass that has the dimension of depth and is larger than 1 cm in diameter
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vesicle
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A circumscribed, fluid-filled skin elevation less than 1 cm in diameter
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pustule
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A vesicle filled with purulent exudate
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bulla
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A fluid-filled mucocutaneous elevation greater than 1 cm in diameter
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excinsional
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the entire lesion is removed
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inscisional
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a section of the lesion is removed
