Exceptional Lives Midterm – Flashcards
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Which of the following mention disability being related to an impairment in a major life function?
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504 and ADA (?)
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Which of the following principles of IDEA prevent a school from excluding a child access to an education based on their disability?
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Zero Reject
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The process of determining whether a student's behavior is a direct result of the student's disability is:
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Manifestation determination
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How many adults with disabilities report they are struggling financially?
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slightly more than half
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Joey, a second-grade student in a general education classroom, has been having difficulty in school since kindergarten. He was identified as having a specific learning disability and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. His biggest challenges are his lack of progress in learning how to read and staying on-task in the classroom. His teacher has consulted with a special education teacher to try to accommodate Joey in her classroom, but he continues to fall behind his classmates. The teacher, the special education teacher, and Joey's parents have been considering having him spend more time in a resource classroom to receive specialized instruction. This is consistent with which aspect of the principle of least restrictive environment?
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Availability of a continuum of services
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A formal, written plan for children from birth through age two is which of the following?
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IFSP—Individualized Family Service Plan
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Which of the following IEP team participants are seen as optional participants?
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pg 16
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The principle of IDEA that allows fair and specific procedures related to assessment, identification, and placement of children in special education is called:
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Nondiscriminatory evaluation
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Which principle of IDEA states that a student with a disability must be educated with students without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate for the student?
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Least Restrictive Environment
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Infants and toddlers who need early intervention services due to developmental delays or physical or mental conditions that have a high probability of resulting in developmental delay are provided with services through:
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Part C of IDEA
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Roberto, who speaks English as a second language, has been having difficulty with reading and writing tasks in his third-grade class. After he is referred for testing, his scores on the WISC-III are significantly subaverage. His family contests the results of the testing. Which of the following principles from IDEA might they cite as inconsistent with the test?
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Nondiscriminatory evaluation
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Of 14 fields in education identified as having considerable shortages by the Department of Education, how many relate to special education?
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9 fields
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Which of the following prohibits discrimination in any activity receiving federal financial assistance solely on the basis of disability?
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Section 504
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Alfred, a 16-year-old student with a specific learning disability in reading, is getting ready to enter high school. Alfred reads at a fifth-grade level. Which of the following English Language Arts class placements may be most appropriate for Alfred?
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Specialized ELA course with individualized content on Alfred's reading level(?)
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Which of the following was a critical outcome of the Brown v. Board of Education case in 1954?
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Schools may not segregate by race.
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Blaming the academic failure of students from diverse backgrounds on the inherent disadvantages that existed within their own cultures is associated with:
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Cultural deficit theory
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Teachers helping students to understand, investigate, and determine how the implicit cultural assumptions, frames of references, perspectives, and biases within a discipline influence the ways in which knowledge is constructed within it is:
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Knowledge construction process
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White students and which of the following are overrepresented in gifted programs?
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Asian students(?)
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You notice in your culturally diverse classroom that there are some underlying prejudices among certain students. How can you reduce these prejudices to create a culturally accepting environment?
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Teach about the concept of race as a social construct.
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Using cultural reciprocity, capitalizing on instructional consultation teams, and implementing response to intervention are strategies for:
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implementing culturally responsive instruction
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Customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group and the characteristic features of everyday existence shared by people in a place and time are aspects of which of the following?
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culture
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Which of the following ordered schools to desegregate by race with all due deliberate speed?
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Brown vs Board of education
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Content integration, knowledge of the construction process, an equity pedagogy, prejudice reduction, and empowering school culture and social structure are elements of:
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Cultural reciprocity Culturally responsive instruction(?)
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Which statement about suspensions and expulsions in grades 6-12 is TRUE?
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African American students are expelled about 13 times more than European Americans
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Each of the following is a key microculture associated with disproportionate representation in special education except:
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Education level
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The belief that racial and class inequity are reproduced over time to maintain the status quo at the expense of less privileged groups is associated with:
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Cultural reproduction theory
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One early consequence of the efforts at school racial desegregation was that, as enrollments of culturally and linguistically diverse children in previously all-White schools increased, their enrollment in self-contained programs increased for which of the following?
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Students with mild intellectual disabilities
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The stage of language proficiency in which students understand about 500 words but cannot use them is:
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Receptive or preproduction stage
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Which of the following involves teachers using examples and content from a variety of cultures and groups to illustrate key concepts, principles, generalizations, and theories in their subject area?
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Equity pedagogy
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Each of the following is a component for delivering culturally responsive instruction except:
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Help students understand cultural assumptions and biases.
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Each of the following is an example of a majority value except:
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Contentment
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Families experience better emotional well-being when they have friends or others who provide support, the support they need to relieve stress, outside help available to take care of the special needs of all family members, and:
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Time to pursue their own interests
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Being friendly, listening, being clear and honest, and providing and coordinating information are practices of:
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Effective communication
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As compared to families of children without disabilities, those with disabilities have each of the following characteristics except:
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They are much more likely to come from two-parent households.
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Being reliable, using sound judgment, and maintaining confidentiality are elements of:
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Trust
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The three practices associated with professional competence within family-professional partnerships are providing a quality education, continuing to learn, and:
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Setting high expectations
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The statistical comparison of populations is:
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Demographics
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Which domain addresses having resources for the family such as transportation, a way to take care of expenses, and even dental care?
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Physical/material well-being
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Ms. Mann, a sixth-grade teacher, arranges a parent-teacher conference with Mr. and Mrs. Dixon to discuss a problem she is having with their son Bobby, who has learning disabilities. Most authorities would recommend that Ms. Mann:
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Emphasize positive things about Bobby, along with the negative.(?)
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How many states (of 47 responding) have state or local requirements related to the involvement of parents in educational decision making for children who are gifted?
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26
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Each of the following is a positive benefit of school-family partnerships except:
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Improved student physical health
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Which network that guides families to helpful resources has been the most thoroughly researched in terms of its particular outcomes for families?
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Parent-to-parent programs
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Sally's parents both work to support their family. They do not attend Sally's conferences, IEP meetings, or other school functions because they say they cannot spare the time. The teachers feel it is very important for Sally's parents to be more involved in her education. What can the teachers tell Sally's parents to help them understand that their participation is needed?
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Explain that Sally's school success and family quality of life will improve if they can participate
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When parents and educators have a concern, it is helpful to have a person from outside the school who can objectively structure the meeting. This person is a(n):
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Facilitator
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What percentage of time is the majority of students with learning disabilities included in the general education classroom?
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80-100%
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Learning strategies can help students with disabilities to learn independently and to:
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Generalize information
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A maze task and read aloud are two measures in:
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Reading probes
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RTI is a model for:
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Instruction
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Which skill is a major one college students with disabilities should be prepared to use in order to be ready for success in postsecondary education?
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--
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The most frequently implemented accommodation for students with learning disabilities is:
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Extra time to take a test
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Which of the following represents the percentage of students who have disabilities in both reading and math?
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--
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An example of working memory is:
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The ability to preserve some information while processing other information(?)
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In the RTI model, identification of learning disabilities is based on each of the following except:
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Assessment of the IQ-achievement discrepancy
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Procedural problems, and fact retrieval are indications of:
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Math difficulty
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A problem-solving approach that involves multiple tiers of increasingly intense, research-based interventions matched to each student's needs is:
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Response to intervention
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Children and youth with reading learning disabilities typically have less activity in which part of the brain?
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Left hemisphere
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The capacity to use a sound system of language to process oral and written communication is:
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Phonological processing
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Mr. File teaches history. His teaching style is to lecture to his students and require them to write notes and important dates to study for the chapter tests. A suggestion for Mr. File to differentiate his instructional process would be to:
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Provide visual or graphic organizers to accompany the lectures
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Three ways that IDEA allows agencies to determine the presence of learning disabilities are through each of these ways except:
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--
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James frequently disrupts other students when he needs to be working independently on his assignments. You have discussed this behavior with James, but it continues. An appropriate instructional intervention would be:
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Use advance organizers to guide James' learning on independent assignments.
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Second-grade teacher Mrs. Grimes teaches in a diverse classroom with students from various cultures, socioeconomic levels, and linguistic levels. She is a keen observer of language in her classroom. Which of the following students in Mrs. Grimes's classroom shows an example of someone having difficulty with pragmatics?
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Jill requests a crayon by saying, "Give it to me now!"
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A student who has difficulty distinguishing between the sound of the word "pen" and the word "pin" has a(n):
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Phonological disorder
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When completing a fluency assessment, the speech-language pathologist measures each of the following except:
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Age of onset of dysfluency (?)
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Which of the following is a primary component of most early education programs in which others use strategies to promote speech and language development?
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Facilitative language strategies
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Which of the following refers to the meaning of what is expressed?
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Semantics
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The oral expression of language is:
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Speech
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Tommy has difficulty with syntactically complete sentences when speaking or writing. He avoids writing tasks and is sometimes teased about his speech. What can you do to help Tommy with his syntax during classroom activities?
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Provide visual and verbal models of complete sentences.
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Who typically collects assessment data throughout the day at school?
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--
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When speech partners activate a student's communication device in naturally occurring communication interactions at home, school, and in the community and encourage the student to use the device, they are using:
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System for augmenting language
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Augmented input that focuses on communication boards or books is called:
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aided language stimulation
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How many morphemes does the word "bills" have?
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2
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Voice reflects the interactive relationship of pitch, duration, intensity, resonance, and which of the following
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Vocal Quality
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A language impairment that is not related to any physical or intellectual disability is an
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Specific language impairment
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Shana spends time alone during unstructured classroom activities and does not seek out or join in peer interactions. You have demonstrated interactions for Shana and discussed the value of her contributions with her. How can you have Shana's peers help her with her communication skills?
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Provide a peer buddy who can model and encourage interactions with other children.
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What percentage of students are classified as having emotional or behavioral disorders according to the U.S. Department of Education?
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About 6%
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Approximately what percentage of states reporting indicated they use wraparound services?
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88%
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A persistent pattern of antisocial behavior that significantly interferes with others' rights or with schools' and communities' behavioral expectations is:
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Conduct disorder
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Which of the following is the result of the combination of mastery learning and a good-behavior game?
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classroom-centered intervention
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Services that address all educational, mental health, and physical health needs are:
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Wrap around
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Each of the following is a part of the definition of emotional disturbance except:
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An inability in one or more of the basic psychological processes
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Which of the following involves integrating civics and real-life applications?
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service learning
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Screening assessments for emotional or behavioral disorders include each of the following except:
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Individualized intelligence tests
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Each of the following is a category of conduct disorder except:
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Unfounded fearfulness
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Verbal abuse, cyber abuse, and physical abuse are forms of:
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bullying
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Each of the following is a type of emotional or behavioral disorder except:
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Repressive disorder
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When a teacher takes a student's hand to model a piece of clay, it is a:
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Physical prompt
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Which IDEA category includes ADHD?
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disorder Other health impariments
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Shane has difficulty finishing assignments, often loses things, is easily distracted, and has poor attention to detail. Which of the following best identifies Shane?
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ADHD predominantly inattentive type
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Sixty-six percent of students with ADHD exhibit:
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Internal and externalizing behaviors
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Which of the following is not a criterion for ADHD under APA definition?
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Attributed to another disability
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What fraction of students served under the category that includes ADHD actually have ADHD?
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Greater than 2/3
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Common components of multimodal treatment include each of the following except:
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Behavior management in the home
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An instructional strategy that minimizes mistakes students make when learning a new task is:
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Errorless learning
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Many school psychologists use which measure to determine the presence of ADHD?
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Conner's Rating Scales
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Casey lacks motivation to complete her work and participate in class. What motivational strategy might help Casey
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Use goal-attainment scaling as a way for Casey to see her progress.
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Exposure to cigarette smoke, lead, and alcohol are which of the following environmental causes/factors of ADHD?
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prenatel
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José is a student with ADHD combined type. He is inattentive, withdrawn, restless, and impulsive. Which would be the most appropriate intervention to help José with his behavior?
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Teach José organizational and goal-setting skills.
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Nondiscriminatory evaluation plans seek to answer each of the following except:
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Can the student be served by an existing program, like EBD, even if he has AD/HD?
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A recommended assessment accommodation for students with ADHD is:
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Allow the student to take extra breaks.
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Which of the following refers to the time of onset of the disability as being before birth
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prenatel
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According to IDEA, intellectual disabilities must manifest:
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During the developmental period
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Each of the following is an assumption regarding the definition of intellectual disabilities except:
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The condition is permanent, and even with personalized supports over a sustained period it does not improve.
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According to the U.S. Department of Education, what percentage of school-age children identified to receive special education services receives services for intellectual disabilities?
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About 8%
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Risk factors that have been identified to possibly cause intellectual disabilities include each of the following except:
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family
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Students with intellectual disabilities have difficulty transferring knowledge or behavior learned for doing one task to another task for each of the following reasons except:
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They do not have the intellectual capacity to learn the skill
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Appropriate roles for paraprofessionals include each of the following except:
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Providing primary instruction to students with disabilities
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To be identified as having an intellectual disability, a child must demonstrate significantly below-average intellectual functioning and which of the following?
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related limitations in two or more areas of adaptive skills
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Two major characteristics of intellectual disabilities are limitations in intellectual functioning and which of the following?
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Limitations in adaptive behavior
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The cause of intellectual disabilities is unknown in what percentage of cases?
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About 50%
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Which type of data would be most appropriate to collect to indicate student performance that is not related to tests?
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insturctional and test data
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Which social, behavioral, or educational factor is associated with intellectual disabilities more than with any other disability?
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poverty
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All of the following are typical testing accommodations for students with intellectual disabilities except:
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Having test items read to them
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Community-based instruction is most effective when it is based on a(n):
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Ecological inventory
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Each of the following is a characteristic of autism except:
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Typical language development
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A 14-year-old boy with mild autism would be LEAST likely to have which of the following components in his curriculum?
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Reading instruction in a second-grade text
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Which of the following is an event or action that follows your student's response and increases the possibility that your student will exhibit that same response again?
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Reinforcing stimulus
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Autism is generally evident before age 3 and is manifested when the child resists environmental change, displays unusual responses to sensory experiences, and:
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Engages in repetitive activities and stereotyped movements
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Compared to European American children, students who are Black or Latino are:
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Less likely to be diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder
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Which of the following are related to food selectivity, toe walking, visual/auditory sensitivity, and energy levels?
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Sensory disorders
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The "payoffs" a student obtains when she demonstrates the problem behavior is the:
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Consequence
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Which of the following involves repeated movements and verbalizations, such as motor movements, persistent attention to parts of objects, and strict adherence to routines?
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Repetitive behavior
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Which of the following uses the principles of operant psychology to reduce problem behavior or increase positive behavior?
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Applied behavior analysis
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Atypical social development is characterized by each of the following except:
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Too readily sharing enjoyment with others
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What percentage of students with autism spend 80% to 100% of their time in general education settings?
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36%-39%
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Which of the following teaches students to link a word to a new word or concept to help them remember the new material?
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Keyword strategies
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Autism is primarily:
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Biological in origin
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A technique used to teach appropriate interactions, cool and uncool behaviors, understanding others' perspectives, and knowing the unwritten codes of conduct is:
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Social stories
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Each of the following is a type of nondiscriminatory evaluation procedure used after referral to special education except:
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Psychological evaluation
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Which of the following uses the discriminative stimulus, the response, and the reinforcing stimulus or consequence?
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Discrete trail training
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What percentage of students with autism do not develop sufficient communication through natural speech to meet environmental conditions?
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up to 50%
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Abnormal posture; abnormal movements of the face, head, trunk, and limbs; abnormal eye movements; repeated gestures and mannerisms; and awkward gait are characteristics of which of the following?
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Movement disorders
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Intellectual functioning, adaptive skills, motor development, sensory functioning, and which of the following are characteristics of multiple disabilities?
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Communication skills
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Recording the occurrence or nonoccurrence of specific behaviors during short, predetermined intervals is
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Time sampling
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Which statement about standardized testing of students with disabilities is TRUE?
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Students with the most significant cognitive deficits may take alternative assessments.
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Which of the following enables students who cannot communicate verbally or through other formats, to do so through technology?
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AAC
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The Apgar test is a traditional way to screen for detection of a disability in a newborn. The test includes ranking the child on five traits, including heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, gag reflex, and which of the following?
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Skin color
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Deaf-blindness is a separate category under IDEA because:
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These students have unique educational needs.
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Strategies used by students to modify and regulate their own learning are called
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Student-directed learning strategies
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Which of the following involves teachers collecting student products, similar to portfolio assessment, but using them to illustrate how well a student has mastered content aligned with standards?
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IEP- linked body of evidence** page 245
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Kate is a student with multiple disabilities who has tantrums and hits herself and others. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for Kate's behaviors?
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Write a behavior plan for Kate.
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Fixed or dynamic are two examples of:
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Display system
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Michael is a student with multiple disabilities. His educational and functional skills are very limited, but he is included in the general education setting for portions of the school day. What should the teachers do for Michael to enhance his general education experiences?
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Create opportunities for him to benefit from peer tutoring
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The "E" in the SETT framework for making evaluation decisions stands for which of the following?
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Environment in which technology will be used
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Wesley is unable to communicate his needs or wants using words. This is an issue in the classroom because he is often unnoticed. What is an appropriate strategy to help Wesley in the classroom?
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Use assistive technology to enable him to communicate
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A condition that develops slowly and has long-lasting symptoms is:
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Chronic
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What term do educators use to refer to a severe orthopedic impairment that adversely affects a child's educational performance?
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Orthopedic impairments
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Abrupt, involuntary movements of the head, neck, face, and extremities, particularly the upper torso, are involved in which type of cerebral palsy?
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Athetoid
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Which component of school functional assessment evaluates students' ability to complete functional activities requiring cognitive and physical skills?
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Activity performance
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Many students with cerebral palsy also frequently have one or more of the following conditions except
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Hearing Impairments
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Mark is a student with spastic cerebral palsy. He is above grade level academically, but due to his physical problems he becomes very anxious when he is not able to complete assignments at the same speed as his classmates. How can you help Mark decrease his anxiety and complete assignments in a timely manner?
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Develop a 504 plan that incorporates the use of technology.
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Each of the following is a cause of cerebral palsy except:
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Maternal diabetes and obesity
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Which component of school functional assessment evaluates students' involvement in school activities and environments?
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Participation
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Classifying a person's disability by the specific body location of the movement impairment is:
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Topographical classification
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A disability that affects both the legs and arms but the legs more than the arms is
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Diplegia
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Which of the following refers to one's understanding of oneself as a unique individual?
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Self-Awareness
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Which type of cerebral palsy is the most common and is characterized by tightness in one or more muscle groups?
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Spastic
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Each of the following is an element of school functional assessment except:
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Academic Achievement
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Which of the following seizures, formerly known as petit mal, causes the student to frequently lose consciousness for a brief period of time?
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Absence
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The number one cause of TBI is:
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Falls
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Each of the following is true of TBI except:
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Approximately 10% of students experience post traumatic stress disorder in the first three months following TBI.
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Students moving from a hospital setting back to a school setting may require a(n):
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Reentry IEP
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Which of the following is least likely to sustain a TBI?
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Children 4 to 8
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Cindy is a student with TBI. She becomes confused about expectations of assignments. Your best course of action to help Cindy is to do which of the following?
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Use rubrics to delineate the expectations for assignments.
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The term for lost or reduced muscle strength is:
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Atrophy
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A scale developed by a teacher as a guide to scoring a student's performance should focus on:
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Outcomes rather than a process
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Varying how fast you present information and how often you ask your students to respond is:
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Appropriate instructional pacing
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What percentage of all students are classified as having a traumatic brain injury?
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Approximately 0.5%
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Students with TBI often share similar characteristics with students who have:
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Learning disabilities
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What percentage of TBIs are classified as "mild"?
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80-90%
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One way of assessing students individually during cooperative learning activities is to:
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Assign each student a discrete task that contributes to the whole group
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The two factors affecting cognitive functioning of students with TBI are the extent of the injury and:
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The age at the time of injury
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Following a routine schedule, keeping appointments, taking medications, remembering to perform a new task, and marking when to start or end a task are uses for:
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electronic memory aids
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What percentage of students with TBI spend 80% to 100% of their time in general education settings?
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45%-49%
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Conversational speech is in which range of loudness?
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45 dB to 50 dB
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A device with an electrode array inserted into the inner ear to provide direct stimulation to the nerve fibers is a(n):
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Cochlear implant
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If air-conduction and bone-conduction thresholds are the same, the hearing loss is:
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Sensorineural
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The diagnosis of a hearing loss is made by a combination of professionals which include the child's own doctor, an otologist, and a(n):
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Audiologist
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Marcus is a student who is hearing impaired. His speech is difficult to understand, but he knows sign language. Other students are uncomfortable communicating with him, which limits Marcus's participation in group activities and social situations. How can you encourage peer interaction for Marcus?
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arrange instruction for peers to learn some sign language
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The simplest test of hearing uses a machine called a(n):
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Audiometer
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The major cause of congenital deafness is which of the following?
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Infection before or soon after birth
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Hertz (Hz) are used to measure:
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Frequency
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Which of the following are appropriate for testing the hearing of older children?
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Behavioral audiological evaluations
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Hearing loss in both ears is described as:
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Bilateral
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Chelsea, a student with a mild hearing loss, often has difficulty following the teacher's directions in class, particularly when the teacher is doing work at the whiteboard. Which of the following suggestions would be a most appropriate first step for the teacher to try to improve Chelsea's behavior?
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Do not give directions when facing the board
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A system in which the teacher transmits his voice by using a microphone and ceiling- or wall-mounted speakers is:
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Sound-field amplification system
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Which of the following involves closed-circuit wiring that sends FM signals from an audio system directly to an electronic coil in the student's hearing aid?
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Loop system
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A person who has a hearing loss of 70 to 90 decibels or greater is considered:
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Deaf
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A person is legally blind if:
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Their field of vision is less than 20 degrees
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What is the curriculum used for teaching literacy skills to students with visual impairments whose first language is not English?
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There is none
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Which of the following is determined by having an individual read the letters on a chart, each line of which is composed of letters written with a certain size print?
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Visual acuity
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Having a poor sense of one's ability to effect change in one's life is associated with limitations in:
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Interaction with the environment
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The expanded core curriculum includes all of the following areas except:
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Reading, writing, and math skills
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Informal measures used to determine students' skill levels include all of the following except:
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Parent interviews(?)
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Problems with early motor development are related to limitations in:
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Ability to get around
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Early intervention programs for young children with visual impairments are generally:
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Home-based
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Jessica is a student with visual impairments. She doesn't say hello to peers in hallways or acknowledge peers' presence when entering the room. How can you help Jessica with her social interaction and greetings to peers?
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teach peers to say both her name and their own in greeting
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Which of the following includes a functional vision assessment, the student's approaches to new situations, the nature and stability of the eye condition, visual stamina, and motivation?
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Learning media assessments
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An IDEA-related service that enables students with visual impairments to know where they are in their environment and how to move around that environment safely is:
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orientation and mobility training
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Almost as soon as babies are born, vision helps them to organize, synthesize, and:
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Give meaning to their perceptions
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Each is recommended for math teachers to make their instruction more accessible except:
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Avoid using manipulatives for activities
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Color blindness and poor contrast sensitivity result from damage to the:
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Cones
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Some students may need specialized instruction related to writing braille with a:
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Slate and stylus
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Enrichment refers to each of the following elements except:
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Compacting the curriculum to get past already- mastered material
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An inquiry-oriented activity in which most or all of the information that students use comes from the Internet is:
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WebQuest
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Which of the following involves active student participation and responsibility in the assessment process?
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Reflective Evaluations
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Which of the following addresses the top 20% of students in the school through special-interest groups, specialized instruction in small groups, and mentoring on individual projects?
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All-school enrichment program
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Which of the following requires a student to undertake problem-solving tasks that increase in complexity and openness in six areas?
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DISCOVER
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A model of instruction that includes spending part of the day in traditional subjects and part in the community, exploring when to apply knowledge and skills is:
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Project- orientated learning
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Which level of the Schoolwide Enrichment Model exposes the student to a wide variety of topics, disciplines, occupations, hobbies, persons, places, and events that ordinarily would not be included in the general curriculum?
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Type 1 Enrichment
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Assigning three to six students who are gifted and talented to the same general education classroom so that they can work together is:
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Cluster grouping
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Based on an IQ score of 125 to 130 alone, what percentage of the general population would be considered gifted?
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2- 3%
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June has an IQ of 140 and is more than 4 years ahead of her third-grade peers in reading and writing. Her parents and teachers have agreed that acceleration would be best for June. Which of the following would be a good type of acceleration for June?
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June attends 7th grade English class
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The ability to generalize ideas, products, or solutions that are novel and useful is associated with:
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Creativity
question
Starting in kindergarten or college early, skipping one or more grades in order to experience higher levels of instruction, and/or attending a higher grade-level program for part of the school day is:
answer
Acceleration
question
Which definition of giftedness is used by most states?
answer
The federal defintion
question
Which of the following primarily involves written tests?
answer
Product Evaluation(?)