EXAM – American History – Chapter 6 Test – Flashcards
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T/F: The transcontinental railroad only connected points west of the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.
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False
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T/F: Industrial growth in the US led to a concentration of wealth in the hands of a small number of labor leaders.
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True
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T/F: Samuel Morse created a system of communication which involved the use of electrical waves traveling over a wire.
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True
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T/F: During the late 1800s, critics of industrial leaders referred to them as Robber Barons.
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True
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T/F: The form of government called socialism is better at promoting individualism than capitalism.
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False
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Which occupation made him rich: John D. Rockefeller
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oil
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Which occupation made him rich: Andrew Carnegie
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steel
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Which occupation made him rich: Cornelius Vanderbilt
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railroad
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Which occupation made him rich: Jay Gould
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railroad
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Which occupation made him rich: J.P. Morgan
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financing
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Which occupation made him rich: George M. Pullman
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railroad
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Which occupation made him rich: James Buchanan Duke
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cigarettes
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Which occupation made him rich: Edward H. Harriman
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railroad
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Which occupation made him rich: Leland Stanford
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railroad
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A business buys out its competitors and eliminates all competition.
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monopoly
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Loos association of businesses which make the same product.
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cartel
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A board of trustees manages many businesses as one.
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trust
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A method of controlling all phases of production in one industry.
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vertical consolidation
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Consolidating all companies that do the same thing as one company.
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horizontal consolidation
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T/F: The United States was an agrarian society until the start of WWI.
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True
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T/F: Piecemeal is a very fair way to pay employees.
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False
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T/F: Frederick Winslow Taylor was a great advocate for labor and is honored on Labor Day.
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False
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T/F: African-American workers were paid the same as any other laboring group.
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False
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T/F: Labor unions were strong in the 19th century and were able to pass many important safety features in the workplace.
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False
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T/F: The Women of Labor (WOL) was one of the first labor unions in the country.
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False
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T/F: Unions liked a closed shop because they were safer than most other places of employment when people could just walk in and out of the building.
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False
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T/F: Andrew Carnegie used his wealth to help fund public libraries all over the world.
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True
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T/F: The increase in the number of patents after the Civil War can be attributed to the harnessing of electricity.
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True
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T/F: Many children left school to work in factories because their families needed the extra money to survive.
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True
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T/F: Edwin . Drake and the Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company pioneered the refining of crude oil into gasoline.
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false
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What made him rich: Claus Spreckels
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Food
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What made him rich: Mark Hopkins
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Railroad
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What made him rich: Henry Clay Frick
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steel
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What made him rich: Philip Danforth Armour
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food
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What made him rich: John Insley Blair
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railroad
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What made him rich: Andrew Mellon
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finance
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What made him rich: John Jacob Astor
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fur
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What made him rich: James J. Hill
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railroad
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Inventor who developed a new way to make steel
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Henry Bessemer
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Industrialist who preached "the gospel of wealth".
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Andrew Carnegie
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Workers called in to replace striking workers
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Eugene V. Debs
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When workers negotiate as a group with employers, they are engaging in ___.
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collective bargaining
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Inventor who developed a new way to make steel
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Henry Bessemer
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Political radicals who violently oppose all government
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anarchists
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The government contributed to the building of the transcontinental railroad by ___.
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Awarding loans and land grants to private companies to build the railroad
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The goal of the Sherman Antitrust Act was to ___.
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promote fair industrial competition
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According to Social Darwinism, the government should ___.
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stay out of the affairs of business
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Economists call periods of boom and bust
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the business cycle
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Some employers forced workers to sign "yellow dog contracts" stating that ___.
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workers would not join labor unions
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Samuel L. Gompers opposed letting women join the American Federation of Labor because he believed that ___.
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women in the work force would drive wages down
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*ESSAY: Explain the theory of Social Darwinism.
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* Social Darwinism is based off of Darwin's theory of natural selection. It suggests that the government should not interfere with the economy. The weak businesses would fail and the strong ones would prospers.
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* ESSAY: Compare the terms "robber barons" and "captains of industry".
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* A "robber baron" and a "captain of industry" are titles of economic leaders. A "robber baron" is an economic leader that does ANYTHING for money. He/she is usually ruthless and heartless towards people under him/her. A "captain of industry" is a term describing a positive economic leader. He/She is concerned and supports the good of the people and economy.
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* ESSAY: Explain the impact of the RR upon the US from 1865 to 1900.
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* The railroads dramatically changed the economy of Americans in the late 1800s. Railroads allowed goods to quickly ship around the country. Railroads increased productivity. Also, many people became rich through the building of railroads. Steel and other ore businesses prospered as the demand for tracks increased. Many jobs were created from the railroad industry.
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* ESSAY: What was the controversy between Edison and Westinghouse?
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*
