Exam 4 Social Psych – Flashcards
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Implicit Egotism
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we like what we associate with ourselves (people's names, jobs)
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mere exposure effect
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tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after the rater has been repeatedly exposed to them
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matching phenomenon
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The tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a "good match" in attractiveness and other traits.
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physical attractiveness stereotype
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presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits as well: what is beautiful is good.
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complementarity
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popularly supposed tendency in a relationship between two people for each to complete what is missing in the other
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ingratiation
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the use of strategies, such as flattery, by which people seek to gain another's favor
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reward theory of attraction
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theory that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us to whom we associate with rewarding events
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passionate love
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state of intense longing for union with another. Passionate lovers are absorbed in each other, feel ecstatic at attaining their partner's love and are disconsolate on losing it
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compassionate love
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affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined
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secure attachment
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attachments rooted in trust and marked by intimacy
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avoidant attachment
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attachments marked by discomfort over, or resistance to being close to others
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insecure attachment
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attachments marked by anxiety or ambivalence
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praire voles
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one of few species genetically inclined toward monogamy
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social-exchange theory
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theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one's rewards and minimize one's costs
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egoism
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a motive(supposedly underlying all behavior) to increase one's own welfare. the oppose of altruism, which aims to increase another's welfare
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reciprocity norm
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an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
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social capital
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the mutual support and cooperation enabled by a social network
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genuine altruism
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Our willingness to help is influenced by self-serving and selfless considerations
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empathy
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Identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives
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depression realism
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tendency of middy depressed people to make accurate rather than self-serving judgements, attributions and predictions
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explanatory style
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one's habitual way of explaining life events. A negative, pessimistic, depressive explanatory style attributes failure to stable, global and internal causes
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Loneliness
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Painful awareness that our social relationships are less numerous or meaningful than we desire
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anthropomorphism
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attributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object (Personification)
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Shyness
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a form of social anxiety characterized by self-consciousness and worrying about what others think
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Self-presentation theory
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theory that we are eager to present ourselves in ways that make a good impression; in terms of social anxiety, we feel anxious when we are motivated impress others but have self-doubt
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health psychology
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study of the psychological roots of health and illness. Offers psychology's contributions to behavioral medicine.
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Social Skills training
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Observing and practicing new behaviors in safe situations, one may develop the confidence to behave more effectively in other situations
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explanatory style therapy
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Reversing one's negative beliefs about himself and his future
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kin selection
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idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one's close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes
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bystander effect
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finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders
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pluralistic ignorance
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Error of assuming that no one in a group perceives things as we do
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illusion of transparency
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The illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by others
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door-in-the-face technique
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a strategy for gaining a concession. After someone firsts turns down a large request, the same requester counteroffers with a more reasonable request
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moral exclusion
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perception of certain individuals or groups as outside the boundary within which one applies moral values and rules of fairness.
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Moral inclusion
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regarding others as within one's circle of moral concern
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overjustification effect
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the result of bribing people to do what they already like doing; they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather tun intrinsically appealing
