exam 3 study guide Answers - Flashcards

Q: A key marker of gender coding in spoken English in the U.S. is

women\'s greater use of tag questions

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One thing that all languages have is

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grammer/syntax

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Among the Apache, in situations of ambiguous relationships between people

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silence is maintained

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In Japan, the length of the kimono sleeve indicates

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all of the above- age gender formality marital status

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Human language has an infinite capacity for generating very efficient messages, a feature called

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productivity

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Language refers to

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all of the above- speech, words, communication based on arbitrary symbols and written forms of communication

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Tok Pisin is one of the official national languages of

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Papua New Guinea

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A key marker of gender coding in spoken English in the U.S. is

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women's greater use of tag questions

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The word khipu refers to a

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method of record keeping without the usse of writing

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The claim that a person's language determines the person's thought is called

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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

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A reason for the emergence of linguistic anthropology in the United States is the

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interest in recodring disappearing languages

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The point at which a language no longer has competent users is referred to as

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language extinction

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Among the Western Apache, silence is

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used in situations of ambiguous social relationships?

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The system of human communication based on a systematic set of symbols and signs with learned and shared meanings is called

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language

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The feature of human language that allows people to talk about the past and the future is referred to as

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displacement

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A first-generation "contact" language is called a

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pigdin

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Within a particular language, an especially rich cluster of related words is referred to as a

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...

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Many of the terms the Saami use to describe snow are related to

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conditions for reindeer herding

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Language endangerment is judged to exist when a language has fewer than

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10,000 speakers

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The culture which appears to have the simplest form of grammar is the

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Piraha

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Sounds that make a critical difference in a language are referred to as

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phonemes

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Vocal communication among nonhuman primates is referred to as

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call system

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The adult male bonobo who is skilled at symbolic communication with human researchers is

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Kanzi

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Culturally patterned verbal language is referred to as

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discourse

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A cultural materialist interpretation of Klamath and Modoc Indian myths supports the idea that they

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store and transmit information for managing economic crises

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The comparative analysis of Islam's Feast of the Sacrifice in Morocco and Sumatra shows that

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Islam is more patriarchal as practiced in Morocco

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The current anthropological definition of religion says that it is

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beliefs and behavior concerning supernatural beings and powers

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If someone were to collect bits of your hair and nail clippings to use in a magical ritual, this person is practicing

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contagious magic

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As opposed to a shaman or shamanka, a priest or priestess tends to

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be more formally trained

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The sense of collective unity that develops out of individual diversity is called

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...

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Magic

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depends on the proper conduct of rituals to please the gods.

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Expressing religious beliefs through explicit and direct statements is termed

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doctrine

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The major items that the Hui Muslims of Xi'an, China, believe to be impure are

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pork, beef, and alcohol.

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A general feature of African religions is that

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they include myths about a rupture that once occured between the creator deity and humans

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A religion with many zoomorphic supernaturals is

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Hinduism

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An example of a life-cycle ritual is

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a coming-of-age ceremony for young men or women

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A religion that traces its origin to an important male figure is

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all of the above- buddhism, Rasatfarianism, christianity islam

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The cultural materialist interpretation of Aztec human sacrifice and cannibalism emphasizes

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strengthening the role of the elite by demonstrating their power and providing food to the people

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The indirect expression of religious beliefs through stories about supernatural beings and forces is referred to as

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myth

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The three universal phases of life-cycle rituals, according to Victor Turner, are

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speration, transition and reintegration

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Carnival is an example of a

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ritual of inversion

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The region in which cargo cults emerged is

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Melanesia

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Among the Hopi, the link between living humans and the spiritual world is through the ritual sacrifice of

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golden eagles

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About __________ people live on the Hopi reservation.

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7,000

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Where is Hindmarsh Island?

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southeastern Australia

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John Chernoff's research on drumming in Ghana revealed

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all of the above fieldwork is more than gathering data. how the role of the ethnographer affects the research. how creativity is related to society. how Ghanaian family life is connected to music.

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An example of a form of theater is

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kathakali

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A study of Japanese interior decoration

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used home decorating magazines as a major source of data

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Men's wrestling in India

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requires a high level of spirituality and self-control

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The anthropology of tourism has focused mainly on

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how tourism has affected the health of bot tourists and people in the destination area

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Cultural anthropologists who study art focus on

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all of the above ethno-esthetics. the meaning of art to the people of the culture. the artist. the process of making art.

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A prominent interpretation offered by cultural anthropologists about games and sports sees them as

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"microcosms" of society

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Esthetics

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all of the abovemay vary among different individuals within a culture. are a set of standards defining what is art. differ widely cross-culturally in what they include. exist in all cultures.

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In Michael Cernea's strategy for Cultural Heritage Preservation, written for the World Bank, he urges

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...

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After the British introduction of cricket to Trobriand Islands, local changes to the game involved

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abandoning the white clothing of the British game.

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An important aspect of the "Hawai'ian Renaissance" is the

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increased intrest in the hula in Hawai'i

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The cross-cultural study of music is referred to as

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ethnomusicology

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The current style in which cricket is played in the Trobriands is the result of

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colonialism

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A garden that includes specimens from many cultures is called

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heterotopic

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Gers, or yerts, are associated with which mode of livelihood?

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pastoralism

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Among the Temiar of Malaysia, economic and musical roles are

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balanced and complematary between men and women

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The most serious internal security issue of Turkey is the __________.

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Kudish request for greater cultural autonomy and rights

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The rising popularity of __________ is evidence of Turkey's growing cosmopolitanism.

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belly dancing

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Country music in Brazil

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draws heavily on U.S country music

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Another name for intangible cultural heritage is

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living heritage

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The concept of the garden as enclosed within four walls is most associated with which religion?

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islam

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A comparison of how baseball is played in the United States and Japan revealed the importance of __________ in Japan:

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wa

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The origin of the cultural heritage of the Gullah people of South Carolina is in

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west and central africa

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When immigrants, such as the Dominicans in New York City, help bring in and settle relatives and friends, this process is called

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chain migration

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Anthropological research shows that refugees have an easier time adapting to their new location when

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the culture of their destination area resembles the one they left

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One disagreement about the issue of Palestinian refugees is

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...

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The continent with the most internally displaced persons is

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Africa

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Cultural anthropologists study how migration is related to

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all of the above- economic systems reproduction religion politics

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A major argument in anthropology and human rights policy about laborers who migrate to the Dominican Republic to cut cane concerns

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the degree of free will in the participation in cane-cutting in the DR

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One key characteristic of the "new immigration" is

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feminization

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Remittances are most closely associated with

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labor migrants

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The study of Salvadoran immigrants on Long Island demonstrates that

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employment in the informal sector is more lucrative than employment in the formal sector

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According to the "lifeboat mentality,"

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the number of people in a group should not be increased because it will reduce resources available to those already in the group.

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Push-pull theory, in terms of migration, refers to

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motivations for migrating from rural to urban areas

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In a case described in the textbook, anthropologists combined ethnographic data with data on the environment to provide risk assessments and improve service delivery to

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refugees

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Asian women are the fastest growing category of

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labor migrants

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Transnational migrants are a form of

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circular migration

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A major cause of population displacement is

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all of the above slavery. colonialism. natural disasters. dam building.

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Salvadoran migrants to the United States are mainly in the category of

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working poor

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Among the new immigrant groups in the United States,

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the largest number come from mexico

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__________ is the country that receives the largest total amount of remittances.

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India

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A refugee's entitlement to return and live in his or her homeland

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is referred to as the right of return

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Most Maya people live in

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Mexico and Guatemala

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In Beatriz Manz' case study of a Maya group who relocated to the jungle to start a new life, the major threat they experienced in the new location was from

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political violence

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An example of an institutional migrant is a

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all of the above boarding school student. soldier. resident in a home for the aged.

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A major bilateral aid organization is

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United States Agency for International Development.

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Gerald Murray helped USAID address problems with reforestation projects in Haiti by

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improving cultural fit

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Life projects promote development through

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giving priority to local people's aspirations

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The first phase of the project cycle is

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project identification

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The male bias in development planning and projects refers to the

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exclusion of women from many development projects?

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In the early stages of development anthropology, anthropologists were typically hired to work in which phase of the project cycle?

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project evaluation

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Seventeenth century European ideas of secular rationalism and the inevitable advance of scientific thinking were the basis for which model of change?

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human development

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A major lesson gained from the study of change among the Saami is

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the need to do social impact assessments before introducing new technology

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Distributional development emphasizes

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...

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World Bank requirements that lending countries adjust their spending away from social programs such as education and health are called

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structural adjustment

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Kerala, India, provides an example of success in terms of which approach to development?

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distributional approach

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Women's organizations for change

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none of the above

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Culture change that occurs through contact is referred to as

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diffusion

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Women vendors in San Cristobal, Mexico, faced problems related to

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all of the abovethe fact that they were refugees from the highlands. harassment from men. the lack of traditional kin ties in the city. robberies.

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A case study of the Society of Muslim Women in Kazakhstan found that

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all of the aboveSMW's main approaches to dealing with wife abuse are counseling, shelter, and mediation. SMW members have no funding or professional training. SMW sees domestic violence as a problem that the Islamic faith should address. sheltering abused women fits with the Kazakhi custom of hospitality.

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__________ is the most populous country in Africa, with over 140 million people. It has over 250 ethnic groups, with the largest being the Fulani, Hausa, Yorúbà, and Igbo.

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Nigeria

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The resource over which violence exists in the Niger Delta is

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oil

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Ken Saro-Wiwa was

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an Ogoni martyr

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The newest and largest of Canada's provinces is

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Nunavut

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Estimates of the number of indigenous people worldwide are

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300-350 million

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The poorest country in the Western Hemisphere is

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Haiti

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BEC's attempt to build social solidarity among scavengers in Cebu City, the Philippines, failed mainly because

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the scavengers are so poor

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Linguistic anthropologists do not study deaf communities, because people who are deaf have no real language.

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false

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Language decay occurs when speakers abandon their language in favor of another language.

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true

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Language may be signed, spoken, or written.

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true

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Research suggests that the reports of war correspondents in El Salvador were influenced by the agencies they wrote for.

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true

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Advertisers target Latino markets by using the trope of individualism.

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false

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Historical linguistics originated in the 18th century after Sir William Jones discovered similarities in the vocabulary and syntax of Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin.

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true

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Productivity is the ability to create an infinite range of understandable expressions from a finite set of rules.

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true

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The Japanese terms for box lunch, "bentoo" and "obentoo," reflect gender code differences.

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true

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Spanish is an example of a global language.

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true

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As yet, anthropologists have avoided studying aspects of the mass media.

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false

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The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is an example of a cultural materialist theory.

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false

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In spoken English, a tag question is more often used by men than women.

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false

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The language of the Proto-Indo-Europeans is probably the earliest form of all large language families including Sanskrit and English.

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true

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Displacement is a key feature of nonhuman primate communication.

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false

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In Hindi, aspiration is an important phonetic feature.

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true

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When making a retroflex sound, the tongue is placed against the roof of the mouth

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True

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In South Africa, women use more hand gestures to communicate than men do.

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False

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`When Muslim women in Kuwait wear a headscarf, the meaning it conveys is that the woman is an immigrant from a poor, Arab culture.

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False

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In 1996 the Oakland, California school board recognized AAE as a primary language.

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True

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In English, Textese involves making words shorter and using several stock phrases that are widely recognized.

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True

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Sacrifice is probably the oldest form of ritual.

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True

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The two world religions that emphasize proselytizing are Christianity and Judaism.

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false

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Anthropologists agree that magic was an early form of religion that has disappeared in modern times.

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false

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Religious syncretism refers to the merging of a religious belief or practice from one religion with another.

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True

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The Muslim ritual of khatam quran creates a permanent sacred space.

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false

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Compared to a myth, a religious doctrine is more likely to be unwritten.

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false

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The city of Xi'an is located on the eastern coast of China.

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false

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Tourism is an important aspect of the economy of the Hui Muslims of Xi'an, China.

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false

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Fertility rituals among the Nayar of Kerala, India, reflect the importance of a woman's husband's family.

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false

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Mardi Gras is best thought of as a ritual of sacrifice

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false

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A people's worldview always includes a religious element.

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false

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Christian missionaries have historically found their encounters with indigenous religions to be peaceful, and converts willing and accepting.

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false

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Tylor's definition of religion was based on people's belief in spirits.

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true

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Magic is most likely to be practiced by people in situations of greatest uncertainty.

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true

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Recent statistics indicate that about one-third of the world's population is Christian.

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true

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The Klamath and Modoc Indians live in Canada.

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false

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In Isak, Sumatra, both Muslim men and women participate in sacrificing an animal, which may include water buffalo.

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false

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A structurist interpretation of handling poisonous snakes in religious ceremonies in "Holiness-type" churches in the United States explains this phenomenon as related to economic insecurity.

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true

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According to Claude Lévi-Strauss, myths help people think about contradictions in life.

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true

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All religions that cultural anthropologists have studied have anthropomorphic deities.

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false

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In spite of Ngarrindjeri women's efforts to protect their land from economic development by outsiders, they lost the case and a bridge was built connecting their island to the mainland.

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true

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International tourism has had little effect on indigenous arts around the world.

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false

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Compared to art historians, anthropologists who study art are more likely to focus on ethno-esthetics.

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true

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The definition of art used by anthropologists is broader than that used by art historians.

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true

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Games can both reflect and reinforce cultural values.

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true

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Foragers' dwellings are an image of the family and not of the wider society.

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false

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A common effect of tourism is the eradication of so-called "primitive" traditions.

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false

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Analysis reveals that Indian wrestlers are a lot like Hindu holy men in their discipline and diets.

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true

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Going to a Turkish-style bath may involve both pleasure and pain.

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true

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Ruins of an ancient city are an example of material cultural heritage.

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true

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Sports, cross-culturally, are universally associated with religion.

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true

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Art may serve as a form of social control as well as a form of social protest.

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true

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According to the constitution, the official state religion of Turkey is Islam.

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false

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Making and selling sweetgrass baskets is an important part of the Gullah economy.

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true

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Charleston, South Carolina, was the center of the largest trans-Atlantic slave market in the British Empire during the early eighteenth century.

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true

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Gullah men are largely responsible for "sewing" sweetgrass baskets.

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false

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Classical dancing in Thailand is on UNESCO's list of material heritage.

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false

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In Turkey, belly dancing is influence by Roma dancing traditions.

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true

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During the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, the vuvuzela caused much debate due to its noisiness.

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true

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The Waanyi Women's History Project sought to preserve indigenous Australian women's culture in order to display it to tourists.

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true

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Cultural anthropologists who study migration tend to do multi-sited research.

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true

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Three categories of population movement are internal, international, and transnational migration.

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true

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Soldiers generally receive adequate cultural training before they arrive at a new location that provides them with an in-depth understanding of the context in which they will be operating.

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false

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A major aspect of the new immigration is the increase in female migrants.

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true

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The Kingdom of Tonga consists of five large islands.

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false

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Among labor migrant workers, Asian men are the fastest growing category.

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false

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The more different a refugee's place of origin and destination, the easier will be his or her process of adjustment to the new location.

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false

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Refugees are people who are forced to relocate.

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true

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The United Nations has declared the "Right of Return" to be an inalienable human right.

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true

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In Lebanon, Palestinian refugees are able to become citizens, work, and own land.

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false

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The United Nations has authority over the issues surrounding internally displaced persons.

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false

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Internally displaced persons are often forced to leave their communities because of development projects.

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true

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The majority of refugees from Vietnam went to Canada.

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false

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A major challenge facing Soviet Jewish immigrants to the United States is finding employment commensurate with their training and experience.

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true

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The term "lifeboat mentality" refers to an ethic of sharing with others during a time of emergency or scarcity.

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false

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El Salvador's population is predominantly indigenous.

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false

question

About one in every 10,000 people today is a refugee.

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false

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Haitian braceros mainly go to Florida for wage work.

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false

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Hindu temples in North America have had the most success when they adhere to the ritual practices of specific regions of India.

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true

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English is the official language of Nigeria.

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true

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Shell Oil has fully compensated the Ogoni people of the Niger Delta for the environmental and cultural damage caused by the petroleum industry.

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false

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The issue of violence against women has long been accepted by development policy makers as being of high priority on their agenda.

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false

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International development projects always have a positive effect on human rights.

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false

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A major issue facing indigenous people in the Niger Delta is the presence of large oil companies.

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true

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Attempts to change the economy of the highland peoples of Thailand through alternative farming practices or relocation have been largely successful.

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false

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Access to natural resources is a basic component of indigenous people's development

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true

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Thanks to efforts of the United Nations, we now have accurate demographic statistics on indigenous peoples.

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false

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Social capital refers to money earned from small-scale development projects such as micro-credit schemes.

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false

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In the early years of cultural anthropologists' involvement with development work, they were most likely to play a role in the project identification stage.

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false

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Nunavut Province is the newest and largest of Canada's provinces.

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true

question

The last stage of the project cycle is project evaluation.

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true

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The United States Agency for International Development is a bilateral aid institution.

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true

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Cuba's development aid to other countries has focused mainly on education.

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false

question

The NGO Hundee relies on indigenous principles in its approach to development.

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true

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Investment in economic growth is the primary strategy of the United Nations' approach called "human development."

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false

question

In Africa, political interests of state governments in establishing and enforcing territorial boundaries have created difficulties especially for mobile populations such as foragers and pastoralists.

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true

question

The government of Australia has made substantial progress recently in recognizing Aboriginal territorial rights.

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true

question

Over 90 percent of Haiti's forests have been cleared.

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true

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In general, countries of Asia have taken the lead in ensuring indigenous people's traditional rights to land and other resources.

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false

question

The January 2010 earthquake in Haiti displaced around 1.5 million people.

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true

question

Thanks to generous international donors, the billions of dollars of aid pledged to Haiti after the January 2010 earthquake reached the people in need within a few weeks of the disaster.

answer

false

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