Exam 3 sport psych. – Flashcards
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It is recommended that appropriate goals be
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C) a combination of short- and long-term
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Focusing on performance (as opposed to outcome goals) during competition had been shown to be associated with ____ anxiety and ____ performance.
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B) less; superior
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Which of the following ( according to research by Filby and colleagues should produce the best performance?
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D) a combination of goals
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Studies of goal setting in business have concluded that
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C) goal setting works very well
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Burton (1989a), in a study of basketball skills, found that
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D) goal setting enhanced performance better on the low- as compared with high-complexity task
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Directing a performers attention to important elements fab skill is
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A) one way in which goal setting can influence performance
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The mechanistic explanation for the effectiveness of goal setting included
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D) all of the above (A) directing the performances attention to important elements of a skill. B) mobilizing effort and increasing persistence by providing incentives. C) the development and employment of new learning strategies)
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Burton contends that athletes who set outcome goals will experience more anxiety and lower self-confidence in competition; this is
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D) a and c ( A) because their goals are not within their complete control . C) one of the indirect through-process explanations for the effectiveness of goal setting)
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After a five-month goal-setting program (burton, 1989) swimmers were found to
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A) have learned to set performance goals
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Having a goal to win the race is an example of a(n) ____ goal, whereas having a goal to "improve my best time" is an example of a(n) ____ goal.
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A) outcome; performance
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According to the text, goals should be
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C) difficult enough to b a challenge, yet realistic enough to achieve
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Which of the following is NOT a common obstacle in setting goals.
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A) it is too time consuming
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The phrase "out of sight, out of mind" is a reminder to
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A) write your goals down and place them where they can be easily seen
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According to Snyder, hope involves having a realistic goal and
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B) being able to reach the goal
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Which of the follow is (are) a common problem(s) when setting goals?
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D) b and c (B) Failing to adjust goals. C) failing to recognize individual differences )
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A formal assessment of an athletes current ability or needs is
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D) a and b (A) part of the instructors or leaders preparation stage of implementing a goal-setting program. B) great for identifying what areas you think the athlete needs to improve )
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When formulating a goal-setting program with a novice goal setter, it is best to
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B) help the person select one from a list of multiple goals she would like to pursue
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It is important to ____ throughout the entire goal-setting process.
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E) all of the above (A) provide feedback. B) provide support. C) provide encouragement. D) reevaluate goals )
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In developing a goal-setting program, it is important for individuals to set
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D) process, performance, and outcome goals
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Which of the following is (are) useful for setting team goals?
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D) b and c (B) monitoring progress toward team goals. C) fostering the tam confidence concerning team goals)
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Which of the following is (are) true regarding goal-setting practices of high school and collegiate coaches
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C) the only disadvantage nite was setting goals unrealistically high.
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"Chip a bucket of gold balls onto a practice green three days a week" is an example of
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C) a strafed for attaining the goal of "lower my handicap by three strokes"
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Simply telling an athlete to "do your best" is
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C) not specific enough
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In an attemp to build hope, Gould and colleagues creates the Power 4W program. Which of the following is NOT one of the power 4W components?
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C) wade power
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Recent studies have indicated that goal setting has been applied to which settings?
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A) physical education ; exercise
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In a recent study by Gano-Overway 2008, what type of athletes performed the best under failure feedback?
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B) task-oriented
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Based on research by petitpas and Danish, which of the following is (are) a psychological reaction(s) associated with injury?
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D) all of the above (A) identity loss. B) lack of confidence. C) fear and anxiety )
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Which of the following has research show to be predictive of athletic injury?
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C) life stress
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I. A study by Smith, Smoll, and ptacek examining the relationship between life stress, social support,coping skills, and injury, the researchers found the
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B) athletes with high levels of life stress and low levels of social support and coping exhibited the highest in jury rates
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Which of the following is (are) a potential explanation(s) for the relationship. Between stress and injury?
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D) a and b (A) stress disrupts an athletes attention by causing w decline in peripheral vision. B) stress causes muscle tension, which disrupts coordination.)
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Which type(s) of attitudes have consultant identified as being related to injury?
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D) a and b (A) act tough and always give 100%. B) if you are injured, you are worthless.
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In a study by Gould and colleagues (1997), the greatest sources of stress for individuals rehabilitation from injury were
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B) psychological and social
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Which of the filling is (are) a typical reaction(s) to injury?
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D) all of the above (A) injury is viewed as a disaster. B) injury is viewed as a way to get a break from tedious practice. C) injury is viewed as a socially acceptable reason for not playing)
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Which of the following is NOT one of the five stages of grief reactions?
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D) rationalization
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Which is the first stage of the fried reaction response?
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Denial
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Which of the following factors influence(s) the stress response, which in turn influences the probability of injury?
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E) a and b (A) coping resources. B) personality)
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How many children and adults are estimated to be injured in sport, exercise, and recreational setting each year.
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B) 3 to 4 million
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From a study of injured elite skiers, which of the following was not a recommendation to coaches for helping athletes cope with season-ending injuries and for facilitating rehabilitation?
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A) motivate by pushing the athlete hard to improve
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Which of the following is (are) a guideline(s) for providing social support for injury recovery?
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C) social support that athletes need varies across the rehabilitation phases.
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According to coal and Brewers(2001) study on effects of imagery and relaxation on recovery from injury, relaxation plus imagery versus a control or placebo control condition produced
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E) a and b (A) less reinjury anxiety. B) greater knee strength)
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The three phases of injury recovery as expressed in the model by Bianco, Malo, and Orklick (1999) include which of the following?
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E) a and c (A) injury or illness phase. B) rehabilitation and recovery phases)
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A variety of studies investigated the effects of psychological training on adherence to injury rehabilitation protocols, which of the following psychological factors was (were) found to be related to rehabilitation adherence?
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D) a and b (A) self-motivation. B) positive self-talk)
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Which of the following had NOT been identified as a signed potential of potential problematic adjust e t to athletic injury?
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C) might levels of anxiety
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In interviews with fast- and slow- healing athletes, Ievleva and Orlkck found that fast healers used more
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D) a and b (A) goal setting. B) positive self-talk)
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Which of the following characteristics was (were) identified by athletic trainers as a way to distinguish. Eternal athletes who coped most and least successfully with injury?
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D) a and b (A) willingness to listen to the trainer. B) maintaining a positive attitude about injury)
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Which of the following is NOT one of the procedures used in the rehabilitation process?
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C) being overly optimistic
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According to Hardy and Crace, social support may take the form of
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D) a and b (A) emotional support. B) informational support)
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Which of the following is (are) a psychological skill(s) employed during the rehabilitation process?
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D) a and d (A) goal setting. B) self-talk
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Building rapper with a injured athlete can be accomplished by
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D) a and b (A) being there. B) showing empathy)
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From a study or injured elite skiers, which of the following was NOT a recommendation to other athlete for coping with season-ending injuries and facilitating rehabilitation?
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C) focus on quantity training
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Research has Perna and colleagues has shown that high levels of stress can affect the physiological of injury recovery by
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D) all of the above (A) causing a disturbance in sleep. B) interfering with the removal of damaged tissue. C) interfering with the body's healing process)
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Research by Permanent and colleagues using cognitive-behavioral stress ,amazement on rowers found
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A) a decrease in days lost due to injury over the season
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Which of the following statement is (are) FALSE?
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D) approximately 10 million children under the age of 14 experience an injury each season
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The stress-injury model explains physical injuries but may also be used to explain
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B) physics illness
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Stress management has been shown to be particularly effective in reducing injuries for individuals who are
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B) high in risk of becoming injured
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Imagery has been used in injury rehabilitation in which of the following ways?
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D) all of the above (A)setting of goals. B) relaxation. C) maintaining a positive attitude
