Exam 1 module quizzes – Flashcards
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Sociology is based on a specific point of view called the ___________, which can be described as seeing general patterns in the lives of particular people
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sociological perspective
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According to sociologist C. Wright Mills, _______ is the main cause of poverty and other social patterns
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society
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why do most people marry someone similar to themselves
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society guides our actions, thoughts, and feelings generally narrowing our choice to those similar to us
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the text presents the formal definition of the discipline of sociology as _______
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the systematic study of human society
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what general conclusion did Emile Durkheim reach in his study of suicide
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the risk of suicide is shaped by social forces
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what is an example of sociological research shaping US public policy
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many states have passed laws that increase women's claims to marital property and enforce fathers obligations to provide support for women raising their children
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Lenore Weitzman discovered that women who leave marriages typically experience ______
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a dramatic loss of income
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How can a degree in sociology benefit people working in criminal justice
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it can help them devise and assess crime-prevention programs
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a basic difference between clinical psychologists and clinical sociologists is the clinical sociologists focus on difficulties _____
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in the individuals social relationships
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in the metaphor for the game of life used in your text, _____ deal the cards and ______ plays the hands
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society; people
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what is an example of a latent function of social structure
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college's function as a "marriage-broker" bringing together young people of similar social backgrounds
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the social-conflict theoretical approach highlights _______
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social inequality
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A sociologist following the ______ theoretical approach would be likely to ask the following questions: what are the major parts of society? how are the parts linked? what does each part do to help society work?
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structural functional
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Bodman researches the harmful effects of globalization of the economy for workers in the US. He is interested in the _____ of globalization
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social dysfunctions; the part that disrupts the operation of society
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the _______ theoretical approach operates on the micro-level of analysis
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symbolic interaction
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A ______ is a concept whose value changes from case to case
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variable
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______ refers to consistency in measurement
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reliability
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"doing" of sociology
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conduction research to learn about the social world
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Family, economy, gender and social classes are all _______, or examples of mental constructs that represent some part of the world in a simplified form
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concepts
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scientists often repeat concept called _____
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replication
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which of the following situations is an example of the research problem called "androcentricity"
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a sociologists creates a survey to measure average work hours but does not include "housewife" as an occupational choice
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male is to female as androcentricity is to _____
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gynocentricity
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assumption that the whole campus has the same views as the male students
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overgeneralizing
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a researcher describes the man as the head of the household in a "man and wife" couple. Such statements are examples of the problem of ____
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double standards
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imagine you are planning to interview people in a cultural minority concerning the effects of generalization on their neighbor. What should you tell yourself
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be careful with the terms you use
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of special importance to sociologists is the fact that ____ have/has established formal guidelines for conducting research
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american sociological association
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jeremy wants to study the effects of neighborhood gentrification on the local hispanic population. which of the following should he keep in mind when interviewing?
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hispanic cultures have strong family loyalties and may be uncomfortable revealing information about another family member
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basic ethical requirement for sociologists carrying out research
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be skillful and fair-minded in carrying out research
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if a research project has the potential to harm subjects, an ethical researcher must ___
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stop the research right away
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in the animal kingdom, only humans rely on ___ to ensure their survival
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culture
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why did anthropologist Napoleon Chignon experience culture shock when he first encountered the Yanonmamo of South America
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he was shaken to find out their culture was so different than his own
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one result of high-technology communication, increasing international migration, and an expanding global economy has been ______
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a decrease in the diversity of languages spoken around the world
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what set of adjectives could be best used to describe the sociological concept of culture
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learned, shared, intergenerational
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the beliefs held by members of the catholic faith, the philosophy of confucianism, and the requirements for graduation from college are all examples of _______
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nonmaterial culture
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according to Robin Williams Jr people in the US hold a cultural value of equality but we believe not in equality of condition but rather equality of _______
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opportunity
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mores differ from folkways in that mores ______, whereas folkways ______
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mores have more moral significance; folkways are less important norms that apply to routine or casual interaction
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in the text what is an example of an emerging value in the US
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more people in the US think it is important to have time off from work to engage in leisure activities such as reading, traveling
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technology is defined as __
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knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their physical surroundings
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what of the following is the foundation of the process of cultural transmission
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language
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which of the following sociologists highlighted the power of technology to shape society
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Gerhard Lenski
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in which type of society do people rely on hand tools to raise crops
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horticulture society
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carl studies the Aka and Pygmies of Central Africa, two societies that even today rely on simple tools to kill animals and collect vegetation for food. He studies _____ societies
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hunting and gathering
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using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery that produces material goods is the defining trait of ______
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an industrial society
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which of the following musical styles was the first to be clearly linked to the emergence of a youth culture in the US
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rock-and-roll
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In the past, US society tended to downplay multiculturalism and to define itself in terms of its european immigrants, especially those from ____
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england
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one way that cultural changes are through diffusion
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the spread of objects and ideas from one society to another
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which of the following categories of people provides the best example of counterculture
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neo-nazis
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Sociobiology takes a _____ approach to the study of culture
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evolutionary
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which theoretical approach would most likely guide a study of why there are fewer women than men in top corporate positions
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feminist theory
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which of the following statements illustrates the social conflict approach to culture
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in a capitalist society people learn to define personal happiness in terms of material possessions
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which of the following statements illustrates the use of structural-functional analysis of culture
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all cultures around the world perform funeral rites and have some form of the family
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the text explains that culture operates to ____
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both to limit experience and enhance freedom
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what pattern illustrates how culture can limit human experience
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competition can isolate people from one another
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what is evidence of the freedom culture provides to humanity
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cultural diversity both within our society and around the world
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As sociologists see it, what part does biology play in the development of human personality
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people do not inherit a potential to develop certain traits and abilities, but nurture matters more than nature in personal development
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what is the importance of socialization in early childhood
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it develops human personality; without social interaction, development is greatly limited
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the text presents evidence that social isolation of young people results in permanent loss of ____
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language acquisition and other human development
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the cases of isolated children described in the reading lead to what conclusion
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social isolation beyond a year or so can lead to permanent developmental damage
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Sigmund Freud believed that personality development is initially driven by _____
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instinct or drives rooted in our biology
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what concept comes closest to Freud's term "superego"
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culture
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according to Mead, what is "self"
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a combination of self-awareness and self-image
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in which of Erik Erikson's theory of personality development differs from others discussed in the chapter in what major way
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it considers the entire life course
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kohlberg;s theory of moral development
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individuals move through three stages of moral reasoning: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional
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researchers have a link between TV and ___
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violence
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what factor is the most important reason that it is difficult to determine the exact onset of adulthood
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class matters (wealthy vs poor)
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what statement about racial identity in the US is correct
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an increasing number of people are identifying themselves as a mixed race
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how does the mass media affect rural areas in the US
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the mass media are national in scope so they bring rural and urban culture closer together
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looking around the world and looking back in history, what do we learn about childhood
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the length of this stage of the life course varies considerably by time and place
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about when did the concept of adolescence emerge as a stage of life
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with industrialization
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how does typical health among today's elderly people in the US differ from that found among elders in the past
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they are healthier
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which of the following does Erving Goffman consider to be a total institution
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a mental hospital
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what is the second part or phase of the resocialization process in a total institution such as prison
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introducing a system of rewards and punishments to encourage specific behavior
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ramón has been in prision and is now out how will he act
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ramón will have extreme difficulty adjusting to independent living
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in a total institution inmates have little ____
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privacy
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what of the following is the foundation of the process of cultural transmission
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language
