question

Interrelatedness is a central factor of environmental science. Which of the following is an example of interrelatedness?

answer

The production of red clover plants in fields in England to the number of cats in the area, The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park to the water flow through the landscape; A & C

question

An area of land in which there is little or no human development is referred to as

answer

wilderness

question

One of the major resources of the Great Lakes and Northeast is

answer

water transport

question

When dealing with environmental regulations, the United States government can

answer

All of these are correct: infringe on personal property rights, force land owners to modify the use of their land, enforce environmental regulations without regard to personal property

question

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment was

answer

initiated by the United Nations to assess four broad ecosystem services

question

Ideally, the _____ of a particular nation or community should match the ethical commitments of those living there

answer

laws

question

What is the name of the theory which suggests that the environment has direct rights and qualifies for moral personhood?

answer

ecocentrism

question

Across the world, cultures have different ethical commitments, which are reflected through

answer

cultural relativism

question

Which naturalist was fascinated by the countryside around Concord, Massachusetts and wrote of his experiences living close with nature?

answer

Henry David Thoreau

question

To get around the Oil Protection Act of 1990 many oil carriers

answer

use lightly regulated oil barges pulled by tugboats

question

The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park did not have an impact on the ecosystem.

answer

False

question

The ecosystem approach requires scientists to recognize and understand natural interactions and to integrate this with human needs for natural resources.

answer

True

question

The environmental justice movement emerged from the opposition of a PCB landfill in Warren County, North Carolina.

answer

True

question

Anthropocentrism is a philosophy of environmental responsibility that focuses primarily on human interests

answer

True

question

Environmental Pragmatism is an approach that focuses on ethics rather than policy

answer

False

question

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary area of study that deals with all of the following except

answer

politics, economics, ethics; all of the above deal with environmental science

question

The result of the 1997 Kyoto Summit was an international commitment to:

answer

reduce emissions of greenhouses gases

question

Ethics is

answer

a way to help determine what is right and wrong

question

Across the world, cultures have different ethical commitments, which are reflected through

answer

cultural relativism

question

Biocentrism is also known as

answer

Life-centered environmental ethics

question

Environmental anthropocentrism is a theory which states that

answer

environmental responsibility and value is derived from human interest

question

What is the name of the theory which suggests that the environment has direct rights?

answer

ecocentrism

question

Industries pollute because

answer

manufacturing consumes energy and produces waste, they want to cut costs and increase profits, proper waste disposal is too costly; All of these are correct

question

World food production has doubled in the last 40 years because of

answer

fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yielding varieties

question

Natural selection is the process that determines

answer

which individuals within a species will reproduce and pass their genes to the next generation

question

Extinction of organisms is

answer

a common event

question

Which of the following is a type of competition between individuals?

answer

intraspecific, interspecific; Both A and B are correct

question

Two organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring are said to be individuals of the same

answer

species

question

What is the term used to describe food chains which overlap and intersect?

answer

food web

question

Grazing animals and the grasses they eat have both evolved in response to each other's influence. This process is known as

answer

coevolution

question

Which of the following organisms is a primary producer?

answer

grass

question

Which of the following organisms is a secondary consumer?

answer

wolf

question

Carbon enters the carbon cycle in the form of

answer

atmospheric carbon dioxide

question

In a mutualistic relationship

answer

both species benefit

question

Each step in the flow of energy through an ecosystem is known as a

answer

trophic level

question

The relationship between frogs and insects is an example of

answer

a predator-prey relationship

question

Phosphorous is released from rocks by which process?

answer

weathering and erosion

question

The two major factors influencing vegetation in biomes are

answer

precipitation and temperature

question

Savannas are found in

answer

Tropical parts of Africa

question

Which biome is characterized by having NO reptiles or amphibians and an abundance of migratory waterfowl?

answer

tundra

question

Human impact on temperate forests include

answer

farming, logging, population centers; all of the above

question

Which group of organisms forms the base of the energy pyramid in a pelagic marine ecosystem?

answer

plankton

question

In which of the following habitats would secondary succession occur?

answer

a burned field or forest

question

Shallow warm nutrient-rich lakes are described as

answer

eutrophic

question

The ecosystem approach requires scientists to recognize and understand natural interactions and to integrate this with human needs for natural resources

answer

True

question

The freshwater resources of the Great Lakes are shared resources of 8 U.S. states and 5 Canadian Provinces

answer

False

question

Economic considerations should not be involved with environmental decisions

answer

False

question

Competition between foxes and hawks for the use of mice and rabbits as food is called intraspecific competition

answer

False

question

At the highest trophic level, there is less energy and fewer organisms than at the lower levels.

answer

True

question

Hurricanes, flooding, and fire are examples of disturbances which result in primary succession.

answer

False

question

Organisms in each biome have adapted to the climatic conditions typical of that biome

answer

True

question

Mangrove swamps are tropical marine shoreline ecosystems dominated by trees

answer

True

question

The carbon cycle is an example of how materials are cycled through ecosystems

answer

True

question

Coral reefs are not altered by human fishing pressures

answer

False

question

Which of the following is the correct sequence of phases in a typical population growth curve?

answer

lag, exponential, stable equilibrium

question

Terms used to describe factors (or sets of factors) that limit population size (limiting factors) include

answer

extrinsic and intrinsic, density-dependent and independent, environmental resistance; All of these are correct

question

Which of the following is NOT an environmental factor limiting population size?

answer

biotic potential

question

Oysters produce a million eggs of which only a few find suitable habitat to live. They are said to be

answer

r-strategists

question

The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker is an endangered species primarily due to

answer

commercial logging of mature pine trees which are required for nesting

question

The remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms is commonly referred to

answer

fossil fuel

question

What percentage of the world's oil reserve is controlled by OPEC?

answer

78

question

Which country has the highest per capita energy use for transportation?

answer

United States

question

Choose the correct historical sequence of fuel use in the U.S. from 1800 to the present.

answer

wood, coal, oil, gas

question

What type of currently available car engine is the only one with zero emissions?

answer

electric

question

A typical population growth curve shows an exponential growth phase followed by a lag phase.

answer

False

question

Population growth is determined by the combined effects of birthrate and death rate.

answer

True

question

The first fossil fuel to be used by man was oil which was followed by coal

answer

False

question

The higher the price of energy, the more expensive goods and services become

answer

True

question

The invention of the automobile dramatically increased the demand for oil products

answer

True

question

Large accumulations of decayed plant materials form which of the following resources?

answer

coal

question

Factors that control populations that come from outside the population are known as

answer

extrinsic limiting factors

question

Ecologists refer to the maximum sustainable population for an area as

answer

carrying capacity

question

Which condition is necessary for a population to grow?

answer

Birthrate must exceed death rate.

question

Almost all electrical energy is produced as a result of

answer

burning fossil fuels

question

Solar, geothermal, and tidal energy are forms of

answer

renewable resources

question

One of the most obvious environmental impacts of hydroelectric dams is

answer

flooding of vast areas of land

question

What is the name of the process in which the fuel is removed from a nuclear plant, its surfaces are cleaned, and people are permanently prevented from coming in contact with the building?

answer

decommissioning

question

Deer invest a great deal of energy in a few offspring that have a good chance of living to reproduce. They are said to be

answer

K-strategists

question

Which of the following is NOT a form of energy released from nuclear disintegration?

answer

delta

question

Which of the following processes involves removing materials from the top of a vein of coal to get to the coal beneath?

answer

surface mining

question

The first transfer of energy on Earth occurs

answer

during photosynthesis

question

Nuclear power plants produce too much carbon dioxide and therefore contribute to global climate change

answer

False

question

Fossil fuels are non-renewable

answer

True

question

Analysts predict that the worldwide demand for energy will decrease in the future

answer

False

question

The primary problem associated with natural gas is transport of the gas to consumers

answer

True

question

The invention of the automobile dramatically increased the demand for oil

answer

True

question

Black lung disease is a hazard of working on oil rigs

answer

False

question

The primary source of energy in much of the developing world is

answer

biomass

question

Which fossil fuel is the most abundant?

answer

coal

question

A measure of the land area required to provide the resources and absorb the wastes of a population is referred to as the

answer

ecological footprint

question

Which organism was introduced into the Great Lakes and has expanded its range to the Mississippi River?

answer

zebra mussel

question

The remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms is commonly referred to as

answer

fossil fuel

question

The price of a liter of gasoline is determined by

answer

the cost of processing crude oil into gasoline, the cost of purchasing crude oil, state and federal taxes; all of these are correct

question

What percentage of the world's commercial energy is furnished by fossil fuels?

answer

80

question

The human population growth curve is currently in which phase?

answer

exponential growth

question

K-strategists are generally

answer

large and long-lived and controlled by density-dependent factors

question

Hydroelectric power plants are most commonly located near

answer

artificial reservoirs

question

Which of the following is NOT a type of biomass?

answer

animal wastes, crop residues, fuel wood; all of the above are types of biomass

question

Which type of solar system requires a solar collector, a pump, and pipes to transfer the heat?

answer

active solar system

question

Which of the following is considered to be a negative effect of wind energy?

answer

blades are a hazard to birds, noise production, visual pollution; all of the above are correct

question

Age distribution and sex ratio have little impact on population growth

answer

False

question

The number one cause of extinction is

answer

habitat fragmentation and loss

question

A biodiversity hotspot is

answer

an area where the most endangered habitats are found

question

Over the past few hundred years, humans have increased the species extinction rate by as much as

answer

1000 times

question

Which of the following is an example of a species that is NOT likely to become extinct soon?

answer

rabbit

question

Waterfowl present special wildlife management problems because

answer

they are migratory

question

Soil conservation or quality management practices include

answer

contour and strip farming

question

Soil building begins with the physical fragmentation of layers of rock known as

answer

parent material

question

Organisms affect the soil in which of the following ways?

answer

by releasing nutrients, by burrowing, through decomposition; All of these are correct

question

What percent of the U.S. cropland requires no soil conservation practices

answer

2%

question

Soil erosion is linked to which of the following environmental issues?

answer

water pollution

question

High genetic diversity means that almost all of the individuals of a population have the same characteristics

answer

False

question

As the human population increases extinction rates also increase

answer

True

question

The introduction of exotic species into a freshwater ecosystem generally increases the population of the native species

answer

False

question

Strip farming is a type of soil conservation or quality management practice

answer

True

question

Terracing, waterways, and windbreaks typically increase soil erosion

answer

False

question

Sustainable agriculture utilizes methods that

answer

do not deplete soil, water, air, or wildlife resources

question

"Organically grown" is a legally defined term which requires

answer

organic farms be certified, organic farms must increase soil fertility, prohibits the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers; All of these are correct

question

A genetically modified organism has had one or more

answer

genes altered

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of a perfect pesticide?

answer

a short-life, affect only target organisms, would be inexpensive; All of these are correct

question

Increased crop yields in the U.S. are the result of

answer

improved agricultural methods, more efficient machinery, the application of fertilizers; All of these are correct

question

By the year 2025, it is projected that _____ percent of the world's population will live in water-stressed river basins.

answer

48

question

Eutrophication occurs when

answer

nutrient increase causes excessive plant growth

question

The process by which the Earth's water cleanses itself through solar evaporation, precipitation, and infiltration is called

answer

hydrologic cycle

question

Which of the following is a source of groundwater contamination

answer

agricultural products, septic tanks, radioactive disposal sites; All of these are correct

question

The major consumptive use of water in most parts of the world is for

answer

agricultural use

question

Fertilizers do not alter soil characteristics

answer

False

question

Major problems with monoculture include plant disease, pests, and soil depletion

answer

True

question

Agricultural runoff and mine drainage are examples of point sources of pollution

answer

False

question

Approximately 15% of bottled water is actually processed tap water

answer

False

question

Mechanized agriculture has substituted the labor of humans with energy stored in petroleum products

answer

True

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