question

What was the political goal of Irish constitutional nationalists in the 19th century? What obstacles did they face?

answer

-wanted freedom from British rule -created the home rule: idea that Ireland should have its own assembly or parliament, that would have control over domestic issues, but they would still remain part of the British Isles and would give control to the British government on larger issues like national security -obstacles: Britain had a powerful government, army, and more people

question

What was the goal of the Irish Republican Brotherhood?

answer

a group of revolutionary nationalists who wanted complete severance from British rule and wanted what the US had achieved. wanted to see a completely free irish republic, inspired by george washington and thomas jefferson. Problems: accepting that their goal was an uprising against british rule in Ireland; raised rebellion and use of violence and force; 1805 attempted rebellion + almost every generation after against british rule that ended in failure and fiasco - violence and force, but british army had more weapons - 10,000 men - illegal organization

question

John Devoy

answer

the chief organizer of the catalpha rescue

question

Why was Britain so determined to maintain political control of Ireland in the 19th century?

answer

they thought that if ireland became free their other territories would try to revolt and do the same

question

Why did the Irish Republican Brotherhood believe 1916 was an excellent time to launch rebellion?

answer

Leaders believed they would be successful after the outbreak of WW1 in 1914. Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand's death. Britian quickly found itself fighting primarily against Germany. Northern France and parts of Belgium involved trench warfare with Germans vs. Northern France and Britian. Castastrophic loss of human life. Battle of Somme- 60K casualties bloodiest day in British military history. IRB saw this as an opportunity to uprise. • IRB Occupied buildings but British surrounded, attacked, stormed and either killed or captured members.

question

What did the British do to most of the leaders of the Easter Rising?

answer

captured or killed them

question

Michael Collins (IRA)

answer

leader of the Irish Republican Army. he had a daring strategy in directing the campaign of guerilla warfare.

question

Serbs

answer

Orthodox Christians; originally ruled by the Ottoman Turkish Empire in 1389

question

Radovan Karadzic

answer

Bosnian Serb politician. During the breakup of Yugoslavia, was President of the Republika Srpska, and sought the direct unification of that entity with Serbia. He is now detained in the United Nations Detention Unit of Scheveningen, accused of war crimes committed against Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats during the Siege of Sarajevo, as well as ordering the Srebrenica massacre.

question

srebrenica

answer

the July 1995 killing of more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys, as well as the ethnic cleansing of another 25,000-30,000 refugees, in and around this town in Bosnia and Herzegovina

question

dayton peace agreement

answer

Orchestrated in November 1995 by the US Government, Bosnia was to remain a single state that included a Bosnian-Croatian federation and a Serb Republic.

question

Bosniaks

answer

Muslims in Bosnia-Herzegovina

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Bosnian Croats

answer

croats who live on the border of bosnia

question

Francisco Franco

answer

Spanish General; organized the revolt in Morocco, which led to the Spanish Civil War. Leader of the Nationalists - right wing, supported by Hitler and Mussolini, won the Civil War after three years of fighting.

question

condor legion

answer

1936-39 Germany's arms operation that went to aid of Spain against Communism and got to test out their airforce military designs.

question

blitz krieg

answer

refers to warfare used by the Germans in WWII- it was quick suprise strikes on the ground supported by airplanes. In english means lightning war

question

Guernica

answer

An aerial attack on the town of Guernica (in Spain); city was bombed with German and Italian planes/bombs; caused widespread destruction and civilian deaths; Pablo Picasso painted a mural to illustrate the tragedies inflicted upon the Spaniards as a result of this attack

question

Bilbao

answer

Dominant port city in the Basque region of northern Spain; it is another commercial and industrial center.

question

Basque

answer

An ethnic group living the western Pyrenees and along the Bay of Biscay in Spain and France, also the name of their language.

question

castillian

answer

what is considered "pure spanish"

question

Euskara

answer

The Spanish and French Basque regions share a common language called _______, spoken by about a half million people.

question

catalan

answer

Romance language of eastern Spain, the provinces of Catalonia (around Barcelona) and Valencia.

question

king juan carlos

answer

King of Spain, from the house of Bourbon. He oversaw the transition of Spain from dictatorship to parliamentary democracy. He gave power back to the people. Born in Rome, Italy. Played a major role in stopping the 1981 coup.

question

ETA spain

answer

...

question

treaty of pyrenees

answer

ended fighting between France and Spain that continued after the Thirty Years' War. It marked the end of Spain's status as a major European power.

question

jai alai

answer

a Basque or Spanish game played in a court with a ball and a wickerwork racket

question

autonomy

answer

self-government, political control

question

sabino arana

answer

Who is the father of basque nationalism?

question

international brigade

answer

Antifascist volunteers from France, Britain, and the United States who participated in the Spanish civil war

question

lincoln brigade

answer

More than 3,000 individual Americans enlisted in Russian sponsored ____ to fight for the Loyalists in the Spanish Civil War

question

batasuna

answer

_____ are a Basque nationalist political party, outlawed in 2003, after it was proven that the party was financing ETA.

question

USSR

answer

(Soviet Union) the nation formed from the Russian empire in 1922 and dissolved in 1991, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

question

sufism

answer

A form of Islam in which these mystics had one belief in loving God- that is all. LIke the Bhaktists they rejected constructed faith.

question

boris yeltsin

answer

..., Was the first President of the Russian Federation from 1991 to 1999. The Yeltsin era was a traumatic period in Russian history—a period marked by widespread corruption, economic collapse, and enormous political and social problems. In June 1991 Yeltsin came to power on a wave of high expectations. On June 12 Yeltsin was elected president of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic with 57% of the vote, becoming the first popularly elected president in Russian history. But Yeltsin never recovered his popularity after endorsing radical economic reforms in early 1992 which were widely blamed for devastating the living standards of most of the Russian population. By the time he left office, Yeltsin was a deeply unpopular figure in Russia, with an approval rating as low as two percent by some estimates.

question

Chechnya

answer

Ethnic Russian republic that declared its independence in September 1991, against which Yeltsin launched a disastrous full-scale military attack in 1994 which led to the death of thousands of civilians

question

zachistka

answer

Russian forces carrying out bloody, arbitrary "mop-up" operations

question

Politkovskaya

answer

journalist who criticized Putin. Mysteriously murdered in her apartment.

question

Alexander Litvinenko

answer

a former KGB and FSB officer, who had fled to London after accused the organizations of assassinating Boris Berezovsky. He then wrote books charging crimes of terrorism and bombings to get Putin to power in Russia. Was severely poisoned and eventually died, many blame the Russian gov't for hid poisoning and death SIG: freedom of the press is non existant and the people have no power to influence gov't- shows lack of democracy in Russia

question

beslan

answer

town in north ossetia, a region in the north caucus region of russia. in september 2004, chechen separatists took hostage over an elementary school ending with over 380 deaths, mainly children. led to security and political repercussions in russia, as the way the security forces acted violently sig: internal conflicts in russia that is not given much attention, human rights violations, lack of government intervention bc of kadrov's support of putin

question

sufi muslims

answer

group of Muslims pursued a life of poverty and devotion to a spiritual path

question

Islamic Extremism

answer

muslim believers that put the religion as a reason to kill, they believe that Allah will send them to heaven if the kill their enemies

question

Shamil Basayev

answer

(1965-2006) A jihadist leader in Chechnya, Basayev engineered several operations resulting in mass civilian casualties.

question

al qaeda

answer

terrorist group established by Osama Bin Laden to rid Muslim countries of Western influence

question

Vladimir Putin

answer

1999, Boris Yeltsin resigned from the presidency, handing the post to the recently appointed prime minister, Vladimir Putin who then won the 2000 election.

question

FSB

answer

the internal counterintelligence agency of the Russian Federation and successor to the Soviet KGB

question

Dubrovka

answer

This was the site of a Chechen attack and hostage crisis in 2002 where approximately 40 terrorists took 850 hostages. Russian forces stormed the theater on the third day of the siege, killing 39 terrorists and at least 129 hostages.

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