Europe unit 4 – Flashcards
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the Alps
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-best know mountain in Europe -located at top of Italy -it starts in France and stretches all the way into the Balkan Peninsula
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Pyrenees
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-blocks the Iberian Peninsula from rest of Europe -is located on the border of Spain and France
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Rhine River
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-stretches 820 miles from the North Sea to the interior of Europe -serves as a watery highway
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Danube River
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-touches 9 countries and is over 1,700 miles -it connects Europeans to one another -goes straight through the middle of Europe
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Northern European Plain
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-one of the most agricultural region in the world -allows armies/enemies to use it as an open area to attack
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Iberian Peninsula
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-home to Portugal and Spain -is blocked off by the Pyrenees Mts. from the rest of Europe
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Italian Peninsula
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-formed to look like a boot -stretches all the way to the Mediterranean Sea -extends 4,700 miles of just coastline
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Balkan Peninsula
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-has numerous mountains (makes traveling difficult)
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Scandinavian Peninsula
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-occupied by Norway and Sweden -serves as a result for the movement of glaciers -glaciers carve fjords (u-shaped valleys filled with sea water)
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How have water systems influenced the development of Europe?
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-connects people and goods together -causes economic growth and expands the movement of ideas -encourages trade and travel (migration) -helps europeans connect to many other parts of the world
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relationship between a countries location and its climate
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-countries that are in the middle of the continent become humid and dry -countries along coastlines get lots of moisture -middle countries also get snow (not receiving heat from the westerlies)
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land of the midnight sun
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-occurs in the north of the arctic circle -winter days where the sun never rises -summer days where the sun never sets
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North Atlantic Drift and its effect on Europe
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-a current of warm water from the tropics -causes Europe to become very hot and have lots of rainfall -blows west to east there are no mountains to block these winds
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human-environment interaction that has occurred in the Netherlands
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-took land that was once underwater built polders -polder is a wall that is used to reclaimed land by draining its water -created dikes to help hold back the water from flooding -used windmills to drain the land
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What actions have led to deforestation in Europe
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-industrialization -people wanting to farm land for crops -raising livestock -building of homes for people
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human-environment interaction that has occurred in Venice, Italy
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-creating structures by sinking wood into the ground for support -taking advantage of the canals that flow through the islands -only using walking and boats for transportation
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How has industrialization hurt the forests of Europe
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-resources are found in forests -people tear them down to build industries -it causes pollution
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What resources does Europe have
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-natural resources of coal and iron (produces steel) -can be found from the U.K. all the way across to Belgium -oil and natural gas are found below the North sea floor
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How has natural resources led to the development of Europe
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-they produce steel -large amounts of resources in one place cause industrialization -some places lack resources
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North Atlantic treaty organization
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an alliance between us and a bunch of civilizations in Europe
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Northern Europe Region Language
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Indo-European branches from English, Swedish, French
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advantages of Europe's location
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-easily able to move -have an ideal location -trading is easy -cultures will blend
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disadvantages of Europe's location
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armies are able to get there easily
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Northern Europe Region countries
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Ireland, UK, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Iceland
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Northern Europe Region Ethnic makeup
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-smaller populations consists of mostly one or two ethnic groups -larger populations, like the UK, are more diverse
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Northern Europe Region Distribution
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-places with temperate climates and fertile soil tend to have larger populations -places with harsh terrain and climate tend to have smaller population
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Northern Europe Region Religion
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protestant but only Ireland kept catholicism as their main religion
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Northern Europe Region Health Care
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healthcare is provided by government in certain welfare states and those states have high taxes
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Northern Europe Region
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are apart of the European Union
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Northern Europe Region Education
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-School is mandatory for children for at least 10 years -literacy rates are nearly 100% (best rate in world)
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Northern Europe Region Arts
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-U.K. and Ireland have the strongest influence on world literature -Shakespeare is from Europe and his works are still performed -English novelists influenced later novels
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Northern Europe Region Lifestyle
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-Ways of life in villages and cities reflect the region's long history -British are known for afternoon tea, a small meal of sandwiches, breads, and cakes. Some of the sports in the winter olympics developed in Norway -horseback riding
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Northern Europe Region Economy
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-people enjoy a high standard of living (first to industrialize) -Scotland's economy depends on the service industry -northern european countries have built a stronger economy -where our oldest monarchy and parliament were found
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Western Europe Region countries
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France, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, etc.
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Western Europe Region language
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-Most people speak languages that are part Indo-European language (including German and French) -Many countries have one or more official languages that are recognized by the government.
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Western Europe Region ethnic makeup
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Most are made up of two or more ethnicities that have mixed over the centuries
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Western Europe Region distribution
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-most people live in the cities -people move from large cities to nearby suburbs (suburbanization) -Germany has the most population in all of Europe 83 million people
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Western Europe Region health care
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-a tradition that is valued -Germany provides citizens with medical care
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Western Europe Region religion
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-mostly Christian -a vast majority of people being Roman Catholic
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Western Europe Region arts
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-strong artistic legacy -Mozart, Beethoven, and Monet lived Western Europe and paved the way for modern art
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Western Europe Region education
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-The population of Western Europe are 98-100% literate. -Laws provide the education for all students.
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Western Europe Region lifestyle
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-have a high standard of living -Crime rates are lower than in the US -they often go out and socialize in public places -receive more paid vacation time -leave the city to do outdoor activities like biking and hiking.
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Western Europe Region economy
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-enjoy a high standard of living and generally can afford to buy material goods (cars and computers)
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Mediterranean Europe Region ethnic makeup
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-Italians: trace back to Romans -Spanish: trace back to Iberians -Greek: culture and language trace back 3,500 years
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Mediterranean Europe Region countries
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Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece
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Mediterranean Europe Region distribution
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-Italy: most populated country of Mediterranean Europe -Spain: lower population density than most of Europe
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Mediterranean Europe Region language
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Greek, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, Latin
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Mediterranean Europe Region religion
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-Eastern Orthodox Christianity -Roman Catholicism
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Mediterranean Europe Region health care
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-Government funds all health care -Health care varies from country to country
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Mediterranean Europe Region education
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-95% literacy rate. -All children must attend school
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Mediterranean Europe Region arts
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include statues, painting, and sculpting
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Mediterranean Europe Region lifestyle
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-The most popular thing that people do is play or watch soccer -Bullfighting has become a tradition in Spain and Portugal
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Mediterranean Europe Region economy
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-tourism is big because of the sunny climate and historic sites -not as industrial as Northern and Western Europe -manufacturing is increasing -service industries are becoming more important to the economy
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Mediterranean Europe Region challenges
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-Northern region is more developed than its southern half -entire Mediterranean region is poor in energy resources and relies on imported goods such as petroleum
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Eastern Europe Region ethnicity
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-most of eastern Europeans are slavic -others include Ukrainians, Poles,Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, and Macedonians
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Eastern Europe Region distribution
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-influenced by physical features -places with fertile soils and an abundance of water have large populations
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Eastern Europe Region language
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-has a patchwork of different languages -this pattern was created by long ago migrations
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Eastern Europe Region religion
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-Eastern Orthodox Christianity -Some countries also have Protestant minority -some Eastern Europeans converted to Islam -has a small Jewish minority
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Eastern Europe Region health care
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-a challenge to many -most people have health care
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Eastern Europe Region education
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-high literacy rates -school is mandatory -free of charge
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Eastern Europe Region arts
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-folk art: produced by rural people and are traditional instead of professional artists -artists create items such as: pottery, woodcarving, embroidering
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Eastern Europe Region lifestyle
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-folk music: influenced the region's classical musicians
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Eastern Europe Region economy
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-Albania's economic growth is slowed by non-educated workers, lack of raw materials, and old equipment - economic and political circumstances have prompted a large scale internal migration and emigration
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Eastern Europe Region challenges
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-communism controlled factories: led to shortages of goods, outdated factories create pollution -war: get away from communist and Soviet rule, ethnic/civil wars from all people traveling to Europe
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Europe in general
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-one of the smallest countries -one of the most diverse
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Europe healthcare
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provided by the government
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Europe education
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-highest literacy rates -free and mandatory -highest priority
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Europe religion
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-practice Christianity -started in Europe
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Europe language
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-most people are bilingual -hundreds of languages are spoke
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Europe jobs
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-least priority
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North Atlantic Drift and the Gulf Stream
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-affects Europe's climate -causes Europe to be much warmer than the US
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coal and iron in Europe
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-helped the industrial revolution start -sparked the growth of heavy industry
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heavy industries
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-manufacturing of industrial machinery because they have raw materials -raw materials are like coal and iron
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light industries
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-countries that do not have raw materials -they focus on electronics and specialty tools
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Europe's three types of farming
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-mixed farming: raising several crops and livestock on one farm because they do not have a lot of agricultural space -farm cooperatives: practiced in Denmark when farmers come together and they share in growing and selling the products -dry farming: happens in Spain because they are very dry; they improvise with an irrigation system
