Eukaryotic Organisms – Flashcards
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Why is Kingdom Protista not considered a true kingdom? |
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Because the organisms vary tremendously from one to another. The only universal characteristic is that they are all eukaryotic. |
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How are Kingdom Protista classified? |
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Whether or not the organism is more plant-like or more animal-like. |
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Are algae more plant-like or animal-like? |
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Plant-like. |
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What do algae posses? |
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Photosynthetic pigments and a cell wall. |
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How are they further divided? |
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By which pigment are present. |
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Which two algae are a threat to human health? What do they cause? |
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Gymnodinium and Gonyaulax. Cause Paralytic shell poisoning. |
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Are protozoans more animal-like or plant-like? |
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Animal-like. |
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How are protozoans further divided? |
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their method of locomotion. |
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What are the 5 subgroups of locomotion? |
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1.)Flagellates 2.)Sarcodina 3.)Ciliophora 4.)Microspora 5.)Apicomplexa |
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What are the three flagellate protozoans? |
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Trypanosoma & Trichomonas vaginalis & Giardia Lamblia |
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What does trypanosoma cause? |
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African Sleeping Sickness |
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What does trichomonas vaginalis cause? |
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A sexually transmitted protozoan that causes vaginitis. |
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What does Giardia Lamblia cause? |
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Intestinal parasite that causes Giardiasis (diarrheal illness). |
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How are Sarcodina mobile? |
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pseudopodia |
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What is one sarcodina and what does it cause? |
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Entamoeba histolytica that causes amoebic dysentery. |
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How do ciliophora move? |
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Cilia |
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What is one ciliophora and what does it cause? |
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Balantidium coli - causes dysentery |
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How do microspora move? |
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Via polar filament |
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What is one microspora and what does it cause? |
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Microspordium - causes diarrhea; infects peeps with aids |
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Can apicomplexa move? |
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No. |
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What are 2 apicomplexa? |
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Plasmodium & Crytospordium |
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What is plasmodium and what does it cause? |
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Causes Malaria |
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What is Cryptospordium and what does it cause? |
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Causes food-borne, diarrheal illness. |
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What is the difference between plant and fungi cell walls? |
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Plant = cellulose Fungi = Chitin |
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Are fungi photosynthetic? |
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no. |
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What are fungi instead of photosynthetic? |
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Saprobic - live off of dead organic matter. |
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What are mycoses? |
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Fungi that grow in or on the human body and causes a disease. |
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What are the two subcategories of mycoses? |
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Yeasts and molds |
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Are yeast singular or multicellular? |
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Single |
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Are molds single or filamentous fungi? |
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Filamentous. |
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What are hyphae? |
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Individual filaments that absorb nutrients |
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What are mycelium? |
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A collection of hyphae growing in one location. |
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How is specific classification of fungi determined? |
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By the type of reproduction they exhibit. |
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What are the 4 specific classifications of fungi? |
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1.)Zygomycetes 2.)Basidiomycetes 3.)Asomycetes 4.)Deuteromycetes |
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What do zygomycetes usually cause? What is one example of it? |
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Food spoilage. Rhizopus - black bread mold |
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What is an example of a basidiomycete and what does it cause? |
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Flibasidiella neoformans - cause a form of meningitis |
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What are five examples of Asomycetes and what do they cause/do? |
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1.)Saccharomyces- used in bread/beer/wine 2.)Candida albicans - cause thrush, vaginal yeast infection and severe diaper rash in children. 3.)Pneumocystis jiroveci - cuases a lung infection that is the leading cause of death in AIDS patients 4.)Coccidioides immitis - cause Valley fever 5.)Histoplasma capsulatum - mild respiratory disease |
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What are deuteromycetes also called? |
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Fungi imperfecti |
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What are 2 examples of deuteromycetes? |
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1.)Aspergillus - Produces a toxin that is carcinogenic /causes Aspergillosis 2.)Penicillin - leading source of penicillin ALSO CAUSATIVE AGENT OF RINGWORM/ATHLETES FOOT |
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Why do we study Kingdom Animalia? |
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Because of their importance in human diseases and the fact that diagnosis often requires microscopic examination of eggs. |
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What are the two subcategories of Kingdom Animalia? |
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Helminthes & Arthropods |
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What are the 3 subcategories of helminthes? |
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Nematodes (round) Cestodes (tape) Trematodes (flukes) |
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What is Enterobius vermicularis? (N) |
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Pinworm. |
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What is Necator americanus? (N) |
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Hookworm. |
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What is Wucheria bancrofti? (N) |
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Elephantiasis. |
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What is trichinella spiralis? (N) |
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Trichinosis |
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What is Trichuris truchiura? (N) |
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Whipworm |
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What is loa loa? (N) |
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Causes Loaiasis. |
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What is Ascaris lumbricoides? (N) |
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Causes Ascariasis |
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What is Onchocera volvulus? (N) |
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Causes river blindness. |
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What is Taenia Saginatus? (C) |
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Beef tapeworm |
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What is Taenia Solium? (C) |
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Pork tapeworm |
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What is dipylidium caninum? (C) |
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Dog/cat tapeworm |
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What is diphyllobothrium latum? (C) |
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Fish tapeworm |
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What is schistosoma mansoni? (F) |
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Blood fluke; causes schistosomiasis |
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What is clonorchis sinesis? (F) |
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Chinese liver fluke/infects gallbladder |
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What is paragonimus westermani? (F) |
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lung fluke |
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What is Fasciola buski? (F) |
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intestinal fluke |
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Insects serve as biological _______. |
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vectors |
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What are the 5 types of arthopod vectors? |
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1.)Mosquitoes 2.)Fleas 3.)Lice 4.)Ticks 5.)Flies (biting) |
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What are the 3 viruses that mosquitoes carry? |
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1.)Plasmodium 2.)Flavivirus 3.)West Nile Virus |
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What does plasmodium cause? |
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Malaria |
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What does Flavivirus cause? |
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Yellow fever |
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What does WNV cause? |
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West Nile Fever |
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What are 2 viruses that fleas carry? |
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1.)Yersinia pestis 2.)Rickettsia typhi |
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What does Yersinia pestis cause? |
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The plague. |
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What does Rickettsia typhi cause? |
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Endemic typhus. |
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What two viruses do lice carry? |
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1.Ricksettsia prowazekii 2.)bartonella quintana |
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What does Ricksettsia prowazekki cause? |
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Epidemic typhus |
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What does Bartonella Quintana cause? |
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Trench fever |
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What 3 viruses to ticks carry? |
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1.)Rickettsia rickettsii 2.)Borrelia burgdorferi 3.)Francisella tularensis |
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What is rickettsia rickettsii cause? |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
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What does Borrelia burgdorferi cause? |
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Lyme disease |
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What does Francisella Tularensis cause? |
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Rabbit fever |
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What 3 diseases do biting flies carry? |
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1.)Loa loa 2.)Trypanosoma 3.)Onchocerca volvulvus |
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What does loa loa cause? |
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Loasis |
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What does Trypanosoma cause? |
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African Sleeping Sickness |
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What does onchocerca volvulus cause? |
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River blindness. |