question

Which of the following allows a minority group to express its own culture and still to participate without prejudice in the larger society?

answer

pluralism

question

The formation of a subordinate-group-dominant-group relationship emerges through

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migration, colonialism, & annexation.

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The term 'melting pot' refers to

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the formation of a new cultural entity

question

The conflict perspective emphasizes

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the redistribution of resources, social change, & the exploitation of minorities by dominant groups.

question

Which term is used to describe a group that is set apart from others primarily because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns?

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Ethnic group

question

'Ethnicity' refers to

answer

Cultural differences

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Between the year 2010 and 2050, the proportion of the U.S. population that is Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American will likely

answer

increase from 36% to 54%

question

Who was the first African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard?

answer

W.E.B. Du Bois

question

Which term is most appropriate in describing the U.S. government's policies toward the Native Americans in the nineteenth century?

answer

genocide

question

In certain situations, we may respond to stereotypes and act on them, with the result that false definitions become accurate. This is known as the

answer

self-fulfilling prophecy

question

The development of solidarity among ethnic subgroups is called

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panethnicity

question

The war between the Hutu and Tutsi people of Rwanda would be considered

answer

genocide

question

of a minority or subordinate group generally marry within their group because

answer

members of the subordinate group have a strong sense of group solidarity that discourages outsiders.

question

In sociology, minority refers to the

answer

subordinate group.

question

Stereotypes are applied to

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gamblers, lesbians, peoples with disabilities

question

The process by which an individual gives up his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture is known as

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assimilation

question

Racial beliefs serve all of the following functions for the dominant group EXCEPT

answer

leading to feelings of responsibility among dominant group's members for subordinate group problems.

question

What does D represent in the equation A + B + C → D?

answer

a resulting ethnocultural-racial group in society

question

In sociological terms, a majority is the same as a

answer

dominant group.

question

Which of the following is considered a racial group?

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African Americans

question

Races can be clearly distinguished on the basis of

answer

Skin color

question

Assimilation tends to take longer under which of the following conditions?

answer

The minority group maintains its own culture.

question

The concept of race is

answer

socially constructed.

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Which of the following is considered an ethnic group?

answer

Blacks, Asians, Norwegian Americans

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Opponents see the Afrocentric perspective as

answer

separatism

question

Which of the following perspectives on race and ethnicity tends to emphasize group tensions between the privileged and the exploited?

answer

conflict

question

Which of the following is NOT considered an ethnic group?

answer

White Americans

question

The equation A + B + C = A describes

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assimilation

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A person or group is described as having particular characteristics and then begins to display the very traits that were said to exist. This is an example of the

answer

self-fulfilling prophecy

question

The status of being between two cultures at the same time is

answer

marginality

question

Racial formation refers to the

answer

sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created and manipulated.

question

The best way to influence reluctant liberals towards less discriminatory behavior is

answer

through equal-opportunity legislation

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Which of the following states that interracial interaction between people with equal status in cooperative circumstances will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previously held stereotypes?

answer

the contact hypothesis

question

Prejudice is

answer

a negative attitude, not behavior.

question

Viewing Blacks as superstitious, Whites as uncaring, and Jews as shrewd are examples of

answer

stereotyping

question

Which of the following types of people would be unlikely to do much to change themselves?

answer

all-weather liberal

question

The study conducted by Richard La Piere described in the text showed that people

answer

were more willing to accept Chinese in person than they were in theory.

question

Racial profiling is

answer

based on stereotypes.

question

Equal opportunity legislation is likely to influence the behavior of

answer

fair-weather liberals, reluctant liberals, timid bigots.

question

People with authoritarian personalities

answer

fight against conventional values.

question

The exploitation theory explains the

answer

basis of racial discrimination in the United States.

question

A Black worker is shown how to perform her factory job by a White male supervisor. According to the contact hypothesis, this situation would be unlikely to reduce prejudice because

answer

the two individuals do not have equal status.

question

Ethnocentrism is

answer

the tendency to assume that one's culture is superior to all others.

question

Which of the following is an ethnophaulism?

answer

The personnel manager told the applicant that she had excellent work experience for a woman.

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of racial profiling?

answer

Henry Louis Gates, Jr., a black Harvard University professor, was arrested in his own home for disorderly conduct.

question

Sociologists now reject the view that minorities have

answer

low self-esteem, a particular personality, a preference to belong to another group.

question

Which theory would be most likely to point out that the movement to keep Chinese out of the U.S. became strongest during the late 19th century when Chinese immigrants and Whites fought over dwindling number of jobs?

answer

the authoritarian personality

question

A Hispanic college student from the southwest U.S. arrives at college to find that her roommate is a Jewish woman from New York. As they get to know one another, they are able to overcome their initial prejudices and grow to appreciate each other's strengths and talents. This is an example of the

answer

contact hypothesis

question

Exposure to ________ appears to improve racial tolerance.

answer

higher education

question

Many U.S. citizens blame immigrants for social problems such as unemployment and crime. The immigrant, in this instance becomes the

answer

scapegoat

question

The use of race-neutral principles to defend the racially unequal status quo is called

answer

color-blind racism

question

Reluctant liberals are those who

answer

discriminate if there is social pressure to do so.

question

Studies consistently document that increased formal education is associated with

answer

racial tolerance.

question

Sociologists use what term to refer to the conscious experience of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities?

answer

affirmative action

question

The term affirmative action first appeared in an executive order issued by President

answer

Kennedy

question

Which of the following is an example of institutional discrimination?

answer

employment and housing discrimination

question

Dominant group members tend to have access to more opportunities, which translates to better quality of life in many ways. Sociologists call this type of inequality

answer

relative deprivation.

question

Minorities are discriminated against by redlining when

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mortgages are denied for houses in minority neighborhoods.

question

Affirmative action has caused a re-examination of

answer

preferences by law and medical schools for children of alumni, height and weight procedures, "last hired, first fired" policies.

question

Which of the following is NOT descriptive of institutional discrimination?

answer

It is frequently unintended and unconscious.

question

The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups which results from the normal operations of a society is known as

answer

institutional discrimination

question

The practice of locating landfills near minority neighborhoods exemplifies

answer

environmental justice.

question

Environmental justice refers to

answer

the right to live in communities free from the threat of hazardous waste.

question

Efforts to recruit members of subordinate groups for jobs, promotions, or educational opportunities are called

answer

affirmative action

question

Subordinate groups include

answer

deaf people, women, Roman Catholics

question

The most visible expression of pluralism is called

answer

language

question

The Bell Curve presented the research of Herrnstein and Murray on the IQ, where they claimed that

answer

welfare should be ended to discourage births among low-IQ poor women, 60 percent of IQ is inheritable, whites are inherently more intelligent than Blacks.

question

The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people by a foreign power for an extended period of time is known as

answer

colonialism.

question

World systems theory addresses the conflict between

answer

nations who control wealth and nations who provide natural resources and labor.

question

Members of a minority or subordinate group

answer

have a sense of group solidarity.

question

African American sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois said in 1900 that the century's major problem would be

answer

the color-line

question

The term genocide would NOT be used to describe which of the following historical events?

answer

the creation of Pakistan and the geographic separation of Muslims and Hindus

question

Which of the following is considered an ethnic group

answer

Mexican Americans, Irish Americans, Puerto Ricans

question

Sociologists consider Jewish Americans an ethnic group because

answer

Their religion is their culture

question

The tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life are superior to all others is termed

answer

ethnocentrism.

question

The owner of a car dealership refuses to hire a female applicant not because he feels women are incompetent, but because he fears that customers will be less likely to buy a car from a woman. According to Merton, the owner is being a(an)

answer

reluctant liberal

question

Federal guidelines bar federal agents from using race and ethnicity as a reason for investigating someone, but cases involving ________ are exempted.

answer

terroism

question

Which approach explains how racism can stigmatize a group as inferior so that the exclusion of that group can be justified?

answer

exploitation theory

question

The president of a bank refuses to hire the most qualified candidate for a key management position because he is Jewish. This is an example of

answer

discrimination

question

A person who harbors prejudice but will not discriminate if it costs money or reduces profits is called a(an)

answer

timid bigot

question

At one time, many Puerto Ricans were effectively barred from serving in the Chicago Police Department because they failed to meet a height requirement. This was an example of

answer

institutional discrimination

question

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was given the power to

answer

impose fines on organizations in violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

question

The inability of women to move laterally within a company is known as

answer

the glass wall

question

What is institutional discrimination?

answer

the denial of opportunities resulting from the normal operations of society

question

Research shows that differences in intelligence scores between Blacks and Whites are almost eliminated when

answer

adjustments are made for social and economic characteristics.

question

Members of the dominant group usually

answer

marry within their group

question

Secession is

answer

the withdrawal of a group of people from a dominant group to establish a new nation.

question

When Black respondents are asked how they get along with different minority groups, which group do they say they have the least difficulty getting along with?

answer

American Indians

question

Which sociologist developed the typology distinguishing prejudice and discrimination?

answer

Robert Merton

question

A fixed standard based on a minimum level of subsistence below which families should not be expected to exist is called

answer

absolute deprivation.

question

All of the following are processes that may create subordinate groups EXCEPT

answer

colonialism

question

Who formulated a typology that shows how prejudice and discrimination are related but not the same thing?

answer

W.E.B. DuBois

question

Patricia J. Williams, an African American academic, writes about her experiences with redlining. What happened after the lender found out she was Black?

answer

She was suddenly asked to pay more and offered a less attractive loan, She was offered the original loan terms only after she threatened to sue, She was told her loan was a "risk" due to falling prices in the neighborhood.

question

Members of a minority or subordinate group

answer

acquire membership by being born into that group, have less power over their lives than do members of a majority, share physical or cultural characteristics that distinguish them from the dominant group.

Ethnic Studies Chapters 1-3 – Flashcards

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