Ethics Chapter 5 Flashcards
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1. Which of the following is the first step in the ethical decision making process?
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c. Recognizing that an issue requires an individual or work group to make a choice that ultimately will be judged by stakeholders as right or wrong
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Which of the following is not one of the six "spheres of influence" to which individuals are subject when confronted with an ethical issue?
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a. Educational attainment
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The perceived relevance or importance of an ethical issue to the individual, work group, or organization is
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ethical issue intensity.
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Studies have found that more than a third of the unethical situations that lower and middle-level managers face come from _____
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internal pressures and ambiguity surrounding internal organizational rules.
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have been found to decrease unethical practices and increase positive work behavior.
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e. Good personal values
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involves subordinates simply following the directives of a superior without question. It demonstrates the influence that significant others can exert in the workplace.
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a. Obedience to authority
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Multiple elements work on individuals to affect their behavior. While an individual may intend to do the right thing, _ can alter this intent
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e. organizational or social forces
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If management fails to identify and educate employees about ethical problem areas, ethical issues may not reach the critical
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a. awareness level.
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Which of the following would not be considered a negative reinforcement of employee behavior?
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c. Ignoring the behavior
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The can be defined as a set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems shared by members of an organization
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a. corporate culture
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Following the ethical directives of a superior relates to
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b. obedience to authority
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Codes, rules, and compliance are essential in organizations. However, an organization built on to develop a high integrity corporate culture
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e. informal relationships
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According to the ethical decision-making framework, the absence of punishment provides a(n) for unethical behavior.
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d. opportunity
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Which of the following is not considered a significant other group in the workplace?
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c. Spouses
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External and internal rewards relate to which part of the ethical decision-making framework?
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e. Opportunity
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Which of the following is not an issue that helps in business ethics evaluations and decisions?
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d. Personal guilt
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is the first sign that an unethical decision has occurred.
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a. Guilt
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People who believe in , go with the flow because they feel the events in their lives are uncontrollable.
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d. external locus of control
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Which of the following is not an individual factor that affects business ethics?
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d. Significant others
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is an organizational factor that gives a company specific characteristics. Over time, stakeholders begin to see the company as like a living organism with a mind and will of its own.
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c. Corporate culture
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An ethical corporate culture needs along with to establish an ethics program and monitor the complex ethical decisions being made by employees .
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e. shared values; proper oversight
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Those who have influence in a work group are referred to as significant others and include
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a. peers, managers, coworkers, and subordinates.
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Research concerning nationality and the ability to make ethical decisions
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b. is hard to interpret in a business context because of cultural differences.
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The relationship between business ethics and age
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c. is complex, although experience helps older employees make ethical decisions.
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Employees that see themselves as going with the flow because that's all they can do have a(n)
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a. external locus of control.
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For people who begin the value shift that leads to unethical decisions, which of the following is not a usual justification to reduce and eliminate guilt?
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e. This is in keeping with my personal morals and the code of conduct, so it is okay.
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. is the ability to perceive whether a situation or decision has an ethical dimension.
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c. Ethical awareness
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relates to individuals' perceptions of social pressure and the harm they believe their decisions will have on others.
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b. Moral intensity
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The ethical decision making process in business includes all of the following except
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d. Making ethical decisions
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culture involves values and norms that prescribe a wide range of behavior for organizational members, while culture reflects the integrity of decisions made and is a function of many factors, including corporate policies, top management's leadership on ethical issues, the influence of coworkers, and the opportunity for unethical
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c. Corporate, ethical
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All of the following are true with regards to organizational factors except
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a. Employees approach ethical issues on the basis of what they learned from others in the organization.
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The includes the motivational "carrots and sticks" superiors use to influence employee behavior.
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b. Immediate job context
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All of the following are true with regards to opportunity and ethical decision making except
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d. The opportunity for unethical behavior can be eliminated with aggressive enforcement of codes and rules.
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When we discuss approaches, we are talking about how organizational decision makers should approach an issue.
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a. Normative
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By incorporating objectives into corporate core values, companies begin to view as significant.
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a. shareholder, stakeholders
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Normative business ethics takes into account the realities outside the legal realm in the form of industry standards.
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b. Political
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institutions include religion, education, and individuals such as the family unit.
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a. Social
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All of the following are true regarding institutions except
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c. There is no clear link between institutional theory and the stakeholder orientation of management.
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High levels of create a higher probability that firms cut corners because margins are usually low.
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d. Competition
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The thought experiment used by John Rawls that examined how individuals would formulate principles if they did not know what their future position in society would be is called
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a. Equality principle
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The states that economic and social equalities should be arranged to provide the most benefit to the least-advantaged members of society.
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b. Difference principle
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Values have all the following characteristics except
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. Widely accepted
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Companies take basic and translate them into core .
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a. Customs, values
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Organizations that have ethics programs based on a orientation are found to make a greater contribution than those based simply on compliance, or obeying laws and regulations.
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d. Values
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Studies have shown that within the organization have more impact on a worker's decisions on a daily basis than any other factor.
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a. significant others
