question

Rank the steps in the looking glass self in the correct order from first to last

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1. We imagine how we present ourselves to others 2. We imagine how others evaluate us 3. We develop feeling about ourselves as a result of various impressions

question

In George Herbert Meads stages of the self, children become more aware of social relationships and take the role of others in the _____ stage

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Play

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As we grow up and grow older peers increasingly assume the role of significant other, true or false

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true

question

The process by which individuals learn the attitudes values and behaviors appropriate for a particular culture is called

answer

socialization

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According to George Herbert Mead's theory of the self during the preporatory stage

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1. Our own thoughts feelings and the desires are the center focus of our world 2. We view events from our own vantage points and do not comprehend the perspectives of others

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In George Herbert Mead's stages of the self the ___ stage is when children begin to understand not only their own social positions but those of others around them

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game

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Which two of the following types of mass media has the most profound effect on childhood socialization in the US

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1. TV 2. Internet

question

Transitions that bring about changes in ones life are called

answer

rights of passage

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When sociologists use the term agents of socialization they are referring to

answer

different social forces that influence our lives our lives and after our self image

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Socially defined expectations of male and female behaviors attitudes and activities are called _____ roles

answer

gender

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Microsociology

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Focuses on how individuals learn to behave properly in regards to society's norms and values

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Macrosociology

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focuses on the transmission of a culture from one generation to the next

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Susan is talking on her cell phone while taking an exam. When her professor walks towards her desk she hides her phone so she appears to be focused on the exam. What is Susan is engaging in?

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Impression management

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According to George Herbert Mead's children mimic or imitate others during the ____ stage of development

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preparation

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The two types of socialization that occur at many points throughout life are anticipatory socialization and

answer

resocialization

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The phase "looking glass self" refers to our view of ourselves that comes from

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1. Our impressions of how others perceive us 2. Imagining how we present ourselves to others 3. Contemplation of our personal qualities

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Which of the following require resocialization?

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1. Giving birth 2. Divorce 3. Moving to another state

question

Recent studies involving identical twins note that certain characteristics appeared to be strikingly similar even in twins reared apart. What were some of the characteristics?

answer

1. temperaments 2. nervous habits 3. voice patterns

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In 1971 researcher Harry Harlow conducted a study of rhesus monkeys that were raised in isolation from their mothers and other monkeys with those that were not raised in isolation. What were some of the characteristics of the monkeys that were raised in isolation?

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1. The monkeys were fearful and easily frightened 2. Mating were problematic among the monkeys 3. The females who were artificially inseminated became abusive mothers

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As in most societies the most important agent of socialization in the US is?

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family

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Personality refers to

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a person typical patterns of attitudes needs characteristics and behavior

question

The term generalized other refers to

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how children consider the effects of their behavior in society as a whole

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Media supersedes religion as a socialization agent even for people who believe strongly in the teachings of a divinity

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false

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Which of the following statements reflect the importance of human contact in the socialization process?

answer

1. Toddlers social interaction is critical for emotional growth 2. Human relationships are shaped through socialization 3. social isolation affects children's ability to communicate affectively

question

Which agents of socialization play the primary the primary role in guiding roles in guiding children toward acceptable gender roles in society?

answer

Parents and family

question

Learning to behave appropriately at work represents

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a fundamental aspect of occupational socialization

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The connections that individuals make with people in different social circles are known as?

answer

networks

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Types of Groups

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1. reference group- wall street financiers to a financie major 2. secondary group- fellow members of a national association 3. primary group-someone parents and siblings

question

sociologists use the term _____ to describe the ways in which people respond to one another

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social interaction

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Which of the following are elements of social structure?

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1. groups 2. roles 3. statuses

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There are a number of functions that a social institution must fulfill to survive. What are some of those functions?

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1. Preserving order 2. teaching new recruits 3. providing a sense of purchase

question

True or false. Race/Ethnicity and gender often function as master statuses, affecting and individuals potential to achieve a desired professional or social or social status

answer

true

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The meaning we attach to someones behavior tend to reflect the norms and values of?

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the dominant culture

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the health care system, the mass media and the government are all examples of?

answer

social instituations

question

A number of people with similar norms, values and expectations who interact with each other on a regular basis is known as

answer

group

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What is a small group that is characterized by intimate face to face association and cooperation called?

answer

primary group

question

Your best friend decides to become a goth acting different from her previous self. She has adopted the goths as a

answer

reference group

question

A status that individuals attain through their own efforts is a _____ status

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achieved

question

A virtual network is one way to establish and r maintain social networks electronically. Which of the following are examples of a virtual world or virtual network

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1. Blogs 2. Facebook

question

A set of expectations for people who occupy a given position or status is called a social ______

answer

role

question

Which of the following are examples of social institutions?

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1.mass media 2. religion 3. government 3. family

question

A ____ group is a small group that is characterized by intimate face to face association and cooperation?

answer

primary

question

Interactionists theorists believe that our social behavior is conditioned by

answer

1. the institutions within which we function 2. the roles and statuses we accept 3. the groups to which we belong

question

A person having a difficult time performing all of the duties required by their difficult and demanding job is experiencing role _____

answer

strain

question

Members of which of the following groups have by definition and collective sense of "us"

answer

in group

question

Everyone holds many different and sometimes conflicting statuses. The statuses that dominates the others and determines a persons general position in society is called

answer

master status

question

What do sociologists call a group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves as their own behavior called?

answer

reference group

question

There are a number of functions that a social institution must fulfill to survive what are some of those functions?

answer

1. preserving order 2. providing a sense of purpose 3. teaching new recruits

question

According to the sociologist Herbert Blumer the distinctive characteristic of social interaction among people is that "human beings interpret or 'define' each others actions instead of merely reacting to each others actions." In other words our response to other people's behavior is based in the __ we attach to their actions.

answer

meaning

question

Sarah is looking for a job and her friend Taylor tells her uncle who tells his friend this process is called ____ networking

answer

social

question

Statuses, social roles, groups, social networks and social institutions, are the five elements of social ___

answer

structure

question

The process of disengaging from a role that is central to one's self identity to establish a new role and identity is called

answer

role exit

question

Lee is supervising her best friend at work and must admonish him for a policy violation she will likely experience role _____

answer

conflict

question

According to the interactionists perspective the meaning we attach to peoples behaviors are shaped by _____

answer

our interactions with them and with larger society

question

functionalist view

answer

institutions must fulfill a number of specific duties to survive

question

interactionists view

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institutions affect our everyday functioning including the roles we play

question

conflict view

answer

institutions exist to serve the needs of groups in power

question

according to the functionalist view which of the following are the major tasks of a social institution of it is to survive?

answer

1. Providing and maintaining a sense of purpose 2. teaching new recruits 3. producing and distributing goods and services 4. preserving order 5. replacing personnel

question

rank the four stages of role exit

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1. doubt 2. search for alternatives 3. action or departure 4. creation of new identity

question

social reality is constructed from

answer

1. social interaction 2. a particular groups power within a society 3. the ability of the dominant group to define the societies value

question

Which of the following is an example of the ideal purpose of a coalition?

answer

Affluent and working class residents working together to improve sidewalks and streets

question

Some sociologists see laws as _____

answer

changing standards of right as wrong how violations are determined and what sanctions should be applied

question

The social psychologist Stanley Milgram used the term conformity to mean

answer

going along with peers who have no authority to control our behavior

question

when a social principal suspends a student the principal is using or applying

answer

formal social control

question

Which of the following would most sociologists consider deviant?

answer

1. anything that violates accepted social norms 2. violating group norms whether the behavior is legal or illegal

question

According to _____ theorists socialization develops our self control so well that we do not need further pressure to obey social norms

answer

control

question

When members of a culture violate the norms of that culture they are displaying _____ behavior

answer

deviant

question

informal social control is used by people to casually enforce social

answer

norms

question

Obedience can be best defined as

answer

following the commands of a perceived authority

question

Every culture, subculture, and group has social _____ which are rules or expectations of acceptable behavior by its members

answer

norms

question

All of the following are examples of informal social control except

answer

sending someone to jail

question

Which of the following are agents authorized to carry out formal social control against those who violate social norms?

answer

-police officers -judges

question

Erving Goffman coined the term _____ to describe the labels society uses to devalue members of a certain social group

answer

stigma

question

Spanking children by parents which is widely acceptable in the US and in many other countries is a type of

answer

informal social control

question

Historically legal measures aimed at blocking discrimination based on race, religion and gender, age and sexual orientation were difficult to implement because many people tactically encourage the _______ of such measures

answer

violation

question

Functionalists note that deviance creates both ___ and ____ consequences for social stability

answer

positive and negative

question

The term differential justice can be defined as

answer

1. the type of treatment that different races ethnic groups or social classes get from the criminal justice system

question

The term _____ emphasizes that one learns criminal behavior by interacting with others

answer

cultural trasnmission

question

Which of the following statements represent social disorganization theory?

answer

1. Social problems increase when neighborhoods have deteriorating buildings and declining populations 2. crime and deviance increase when the absence or breakdown of communal relationships occur

question

Examples of conformity and obedience

answer

conformity- buying the latest pairs of shoes or adopting a trendy hairstyle obedience- sitting in an assigned seat, paying taxes

question

When sociologist William Chambliss observed the saints and the roughnecks he concluded that

answer

social class played an important role in the varying fortunes of the two groups

question

Which are the 5 basic modes of adaption to social norms according to Robert Merton's anomie theory of deviance?

answer

1. conformity 2. inovation 3. ritualism 4. retreatism 5. rebellion

question

According to conflict theorists lawmaking is usually a

answer

attempt by people in power to force their norms and values of others

question

According to feminist criminologists ,amy of the existing approaches to deviance and crime were developed with only

answer

men in mind

question

What did Emile Durkheim claim as the most important function of punishing deviants?

answer

It helps define acceptable behavior and thus contributes to social stability

question

Which of the following demonstrates how technology has affected standards of social behavior

answer

1. Uncivil chat room behavior 2. inappropriate posts to online discussion boards 3. abusive voice mall

question

The impact of stigmas on a society is that they

answer

devalue members of social groups

question

____ theory also called the societal reaction approach

answer

labelling

question

The sociologist Howard Becker made the statement that "deviant behavior is the behavior that people so label" He associated with which approach deviance?

answer

labeling thory

question

The term social control refers to the

answer

techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society

question

The term law may be defined as

answer

government social control

question

The sociologist Edwin sutherland used the term ____ for when people are exposed to attitudes that are favorable to violation of the law

answer

differential association

question

Racial profiling is considered to be

answer

1. type of deviance itself 2. label that has been defined and applied by society to a certain group of people

question

the term differential association describes the process through which

answer

exposure to attitudes favorable to criminal acts leads to violation of the rules

question

In his experimental study of obedience, the social psychologist Stanley Milgram found that

answer

1. people saw themselves as merely doing their duty or following orders by an administering shocks to others 2. people administered shocks to others and tended to shift responsibility for their behavior to an authority figure 3. People were willing to obey authority figures and administer shocks to others

question

In Merton's Anomie Theory of Deviance

answer

1. Conformity- accept approved social goals and the legitimate means of achieving them 2. Ritualism- reject approved social goals but accept legitimate means of achieving them 3. Rebellion- reject legitimate goals and means and replace them with their own new goals and objectives 4. Innovation- accept approves social goals but reject legitimate means of achieving them 5.Retreatism- reject approved goals and reject legitimate means of achieving them

question

Sociologist view law as a process of ___ standards of right and wrong and how, and to what degree violators should be punished

answer

evolving

question

Emile Durkheim suggested that punishment within a culture help define acceptable behavior and thus contribute to social

answer

stability

question

According to the interactionist perspective the reason someone may or may not commit and act of deviance can be explained by

answer

cultural transmission and routine activities

question

According to Edwin Sutherland's theory about cultural transmission and how it affects behavior in a person

answer

learns criminal behavior by interacting with others

question

Match the appropriate perspective on deviance to the correct approach

answer

functional- agents of social control and other powerful groups can decide who is deviant to serve themselves Conflict- agents of social control and other powerful groups can decide who is deviant to serve themselves Labeling- defining deviance emphasizes reactions to individual behavior

question

What social psychologist made a useful distinction between conformity and obedience?

answer

Stanley Milgram

question

Who coined the term sigma to describe the labels of society uses to devalue members of a certain social group?

answer

Erving Goffman

question

What is a Sanction?

answer

penalties and rewards related to social norms

question

Social Norm

answer

rules or expectations of acceptable behavior by its memebers

question

According to Travis Hirschi's control theory people conform to societies norms because of their

answer

bond to family friends and peers

question

obedience

answer

the commands of a perceived authority

question

labeling deviance

answer

defined by the way society views certain individuals or groups

question

functionalist deviance

answer

deviance serves important benefits for society

question

feminist deviance

answer

gender plays a role in how deviance is defined and handled

question

conflict deviance

answer

deviance is defined to suit the needs of those in power

question

Emile Durkheim used the term anomie to describe

answer

the loss of direction felt by individuals in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective

question

Feminist criminologist contend that

answer

deviance and crime tend to flow from economic relationships

question

The debate over how human development is shaped is known as

answer

nature vs nurture

question

Sigmund Frued

answer

studied the relationships between sexual gratification and human development

question

which term was used by Erving Goffman to describe how individuals alter their appearance and behavior for the sake of particular audiences

answer

impression management

question

Which of the following is true of the looking glass self?

answer

1. it is subject to change 2. it may be an inaccurate perception of how others view us

question

The process of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions occupations and social relationships referred to as

answer

anticipatory socialization

question

Mead was among the first sociologists to analyze the connections between

answer

symbols and socialization

question

Symbolic interactions argue that reality is shaped by our

answer

perceptions evaluations and definitions

question

A set of expectations for people who occupy a given position or status is called a

answer

social role

question

The difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations

answer

role strain

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