Essay Quiz 1 Physical Geography – Flashcards
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geography
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SPATIAL SCIENCE concerned w physical/human environments, their distribution, and interactions w each other
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physical geography
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SPATIAL SCIENCE concerned w landforms, processes and systems that make up the physical environment
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4 principles of physical geography
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atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (all water), biosphere (lifeforms), lithosphere (solid, inorganic portion of earth)
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spatial analysis
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method of analysis used by all geographers to analyze over SPACE and TIME
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place
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socially constructed
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location
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absolute (coordinates)
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feedback
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all systems provide either negative (nothing happens) or positive (something happens)
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Great Circles
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dissect Earth into two equal halves
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processes
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natural events that cause an outcome
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Small Circles
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dissects Earth into two unequal halves
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Angle of Latitude
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measured N/S of equator; 90 degrees or less; equator=0
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Angle of Longitude
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measured E/W of Prime Meridian; 180 degrees or less; Prime Meridian=0
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International Date Line
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180th Parallel
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Topographic Maps
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show elevations
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isolines
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drawn on maps to represent areas of equal values
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isobars
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air pressure
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isogeotherms
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...
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isohyets
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...
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isotherms
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...
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contour lines
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lines of equal elevation
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D.E.M.
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Digital Elevation Model; white: high; black:low
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map projection
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mathematical equation that places a curved geometric surface on a flat geometric surface
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mercator projection
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size is sacrificed for angles and shapes of countries
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Robinson Projection
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most accurate
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map scale
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ratio of something on a map to the same thing in the real world
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GPS
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Global Positioning System; satellite system (24)
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remotely-sensed image
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looking at earth through device other than your eye; used from airplanes/satellites
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GIS
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Geographical Information System; hand-held GPS; map w database attached to it
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Internal Structure of the Sun
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inner core (most energy); radiative zone (heat is radiated everywhere equally); convection zone (heat moved through convection (warm rises, cold sinks)); photosphere (part you see)
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sunspots
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convection is shut off due to magnetic anomalies; more sunspots=more energy
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The Maunder Minimum
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little to no sunspots (mini Ice Age)
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solar flares
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constant solar energy moving through space
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Coronal Mass Ejections
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sudden, violent eruptions of mass energy
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important line of latitude
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North Pole (90 N), Arctic Circle (66.5 N), Tropic of Cancer (23.5 N), Equator (0), Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 S), Antarctic Circle (66.5 S), South Pole (90 S)
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Diffusion
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energy spread over a greater ground area (colder)
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Plane of the Ecliptic
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imaginary plane that the Earth rotates on around the Sun
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Aphelion
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Earth's farthest point from Sun (July)
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Perihelion
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Earth's closest point to Sun (Jan)
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Polaris
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in Little Dipper; North Pole points directly at and revolves
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Summer Solstice
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longest day in North America and marks first day of summer (June 21)
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subsolar point
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point where plane of ecliptic first hits; during summer solstice at the tropic of cancer (so area w highest concentrated energy)
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winter solstice
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subsolar point on tropic of capricorn (Dec 21); cold in US because its farther away
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equinox
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subsolar point is on the equator; all latitudes receive equal day/night (March 21/Sep 21)
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Arctic/Antarctic Circles
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area receives 24 hours of sunlight in summer/winter
