question

When June was 7 years old, she and her mother were stuck in an elevator. Several other people were in the elevator as well. The elevator became hot and stuffy, and breathing became difficult. June remembers experiencing shortness of breath, palpitations, and dizziness. Now June refuses to ride elevators. When she is with other people, she makes excuses to use the stairs. June is probably suffering from _____.

answer

a situational type phobia

question

Julie has been diagnosed with ornithophobia—the fear of birds. For her treatment, her therapist makes her sit in a room filled with caged birds for several hours. Which behavioral treatment in being used in this situation?

answer

Flooding

question

Trudy's mother is afraid of bees. Her mother always screams and runs away every time she sees them. Trudy, seeing her mother's response, also runs and screams every time she sees a bee. In this case, Trudy's behavior can be explained by which theory?

answer

observational learning

question

Which of the following is an example of an obsession?

answer

Constantly thinking about cleanliness and contamination

question

Freud's theory of phobias is detailed in a 150-page case history of a little boy named Hans. In his study, little Hans's behavior was representative of which phobia?

answer

Animal-type phobia

question

Which of the following treatments is most effective in preventing relapse in clients with panic disorders?

answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapies

question

Tina and her parents live on a farm where field mice are very common. One night, a mouse crawled on Tina while she was sleeping. The experience frightened Tina so badly that she now avoids any situation where she might come across a mouse. She always checks her bed carefully each night. Tina is most likely exhibiting behaviors related to _____.

answer

an animal-type phobia

question

Which of the following behavioral theories has been useful in explaining the reinforcement of phobias?

answer

Operant conditioning

question

Virginia is very aware of her bodily cues that signal a panic attack. This heightened awareness is known as _____.

answer

interoceptive awareness

question

Patrick is a Vietnam War veteran who has a recurring nightmare of being on the frontline. Any sound that remotely resembles gunfire makes him anxious. Although he has been suffering for years with this problem, he now decides to seek treatment. His psychologist has suggests that he identify the thoughts and situations that evoke anxiety and rank them. His psychologist begins to help him work through each situation by using relaxation techniques. This technique is called:

answer

systematic desensitization

question

Which of the following treatments is most effective in preventing relapse in clients with panic disorders?

answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapies

question

Almost _____ of people with a specific phobia never seek treatment.

answer

90 percent

question

Lee is a high school teacher. He has difficulty grading his papers because he constantly checks and rechecks the students' answers. He fears that he has made a mistake in the calculations. Lee's checking routines are not limited to his students' work. He also checks the locks on his classroom door several times before leaving school, and performs these kinds of rituals at home as well. Lee is most likely exhibiting:

answer

obsessive-compulsive disorder

question

_____ are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels he or she must perform.

answer

compulsions

question

In Japan, the term _____ describes an intense fear of interpersonal relations and is characterized by shame about and persistent fears of causing others offense, embarrassment, or even harm through one's personal inadequacies.

answer

taijin-kyofusho

question

According to cognitive-behavioral theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), compulsions develop largely through _____.

answer

operant conditioning

question

_____ are thoughts, images, ideas, or impulses that are persistent, that uncontrollably intrude upon consciousness, and that cause significant anxiety or distress.

answer

obsessions

question

Biological theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder have focused on a circuit in the brain involved in:

answer

regulating primitive urges

question

Freud's theory of phobias is detailed in a 150-page case history of a little boy named Hans. In his study, little Hans's behavior was representative of which phobia?

answer

animal-type phobias

question

Which of the following theories have been integrated into a model to explain the factors associated with panic disorders?

answer

biological and cognitive

question

In Watson's experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was ______.

answer

a loud noise

question

Children with a genetic predisposition toward anxiety or who are behaviorally inhibited may not develop a specific phobia, unless:

answer

the parenting they receive worsens their anxiety

question

Theorists who argue that phobias can develop through observational learning posit that:

answer

people learn phobic behaviors by modeling the behaviors of others

question

Freud's theory of phobias is detailed in a 150-page case history of a little boy named Hans. Freud explained Hans's phobia with which of the following processes?

answer

oedipus complex

question

Fluctuations in _____ levels might cause imbalances or dysfunction of the serotonin or GABA systems in females, leading to panic attacks.

answer

progesterone

question

Trudy's mother is afraid of bees. Her mother always screams and runs away every time she sees them. Trudy, seeing her mother's response, also runs and screams every time she sees a bee. In this case, Trudy's behavior can be explained by which theory?

answer

observational learning

question

In exposure and response prevention therapy, by preventing a person from engaging in compulsive behavior:

answer

the client learns that not engaging in the compulsive behavior does not lead to a terrible result.

question

Anna is terrified of speaking in public. She always finds an excuse to avoid public speaking or gets someone to speak for her. Once Anna had a full-blown panic attack when her boss called on her unexpectedly to speak at a meeting. Anna is most likely exhibiting symptoms of:

answer

social anxiety disorder

question

Which of the following statements is true of the biological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

answer

Antidepressant drugs affecting serotonin levels help reduce symptoms of OCD

question

According to Freudian theory, phobias develop when:

answer

unconscious anxiety is displaced onto a neutral or symbolic object

question

Family history studies reveal that the heritability of panic disorder is _____.

answer

43 to 48 percent

question

Which of the following disorders consists of emotional and behavioral symptoms such as depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, or antisocial behaviors that occur within three months of the experience of a stressor?

answer

adjustment disorder

question

Janie's house was broken into and the perpetrator brutally attacked her. Since then, she has been dreaming about the attack and often wakes up screaming and crying. According to Janie, she feels as though she is reliving the attack in each dream. Janie is most likely:

answer

reexperiencing the trauma

question

Which of the following would be most useful in treating blood-injection-injury phobias?

answer

applied tension technique

question

Which of the following environmental, social, and psychological factors increases an individual's vulnerability to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

answer

having experienced the traumatic event first-hand

question

Jacob has been diagnosed with panic disorder without agoraphobia. He was taking his medication regularly until recently. Since discontinuing his medication, he is experiencing severe withdrawal symptoms and rebound of anxiety symptoms. Which medication was Jacob most likely taking?

answer

benzodiazepines

question

June has been avoiding riding elevators since she was 7 years old. When she is with other people, she makes excuses to use the stairs and feels relief upon avoiding elevator rides. June's fear of elevators is being maintained by _____.

answer

negative reinforcement

question

According to cognitive theory, which of the following statements is true about people diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

answer

They believe that worrying can help them avoid bad events by motivating them to engage in problem solving.

question

A study of adults in rural Mexico found that among underprivileged Latino communities, particularly women, _____ expresses the anger and frustration of "being at the bottom" and provides temporary release from the everyday burdens of life.

answer

"nervios"

question

Which of the following would be most useful in treating blood-injection-injury phobias?

answer

applied tension technique

question

Which of the following biological treatments has been successful in dealing with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms such as nightmares, irritability, and sleep problems?

answer

SSRIs and benzodiazepines

question

The most significant problem with the behavioral theory of phobias is that:

answer

many people with phobias cannot identify traumatic events that triggered them.

question

Which of the following is a heritable risk factor for PTSD?

answer

Abnormally low cortisol levels

question

The hypothalamus activates the adrenal-cortical system by releasing _____, which signals the pituitary gland to secrete _____, the body's "major stress hormone."

answer

corticotropin-release factor; adrenocorticotropic hormone

question

According to cognitive-behavioral theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), all of the following are true about people diagnosed with OCD EXCEPT:

answer

they believe that having intrusive thoughts means they are going crazy, but they do not equate having the thoughts with actually engaging in the behaviors.

question

What is a key difference between adaptive fear responses and maladaptive anxiety responses?

answer

Maladaptive responses are out of proportion to the threat, whereas adaptive responses are appropriate to the situation.

question

Which of the following statements is true about social phobia?

answer

Social phobia often co-occurs with mood disorders, other anxiety disorders, and avoidant personality disorder.

question

Which of the following is an example of a compulsion?

answer

repeatedly check the locks on all doors

question

Which of the following is true about the integrated model of panic disorder?

answer

Panic disorders seem to develop as a result of a biological vulnerability to a hypersensitive fight-or-flight response.

question

Biological theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder have focused on a circuit in the brain involved in:

answer

regulating primitive urges

question

Which of the following behavioral theories has been useful in explaining the reinforcement of phobias?

answer

operant conditioning

question

People in Latino cultures report a syndrome known as _____, which might include trembling, heart palpitations, a sense of heat in the chest rising into the head, difficulty moving limbs, loss of consciousness, memory loss, paresthesia, chest tightness, dyspnea, dizziness, and faintness.

answer

ataque de nervios

question

Sally believes that the bodily symptoms she experiences during a panic attack have harmful consequences. This is known as _____.

answer

anxiety sensitivity

question

Janie's house was broken into and the perpetrator brutally attacked her. Since the attack, she has been overly cautious and watchful. The smallest noise startles her. If someone looks at her "strangely," she becomes very anxious. Janie is most likely:

answer

exhibiting hyper vigilance and chronic arousal

question

According to the prepared classical conditioning theory, Rachel is more likely to be afraid of which of the following?

answer

snakes

question

Which diagnosis is most likely when panic attacks that are not usually provoked by any particular situation become a common occurrence, leading one to begin to worry about having the attacks and change behaviors as a result?

answer

panic disorder

question

Which of the following suppresses the central nervous system and influences functioning in the GABA, norepinephrine, and serotonin neurotransmitter systems?

answer

benzodiazepines

question

Which of the following phobias is more likely to run in families?

answer

blood-injection-injury type phobias

question

Which of the following is least likely to cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

answer

child birth

question

Cognitive theorists suggest that people who experience panic attacks engage in all of the following behaviors EXCEPT:

answer

reasoning that the attack is only a temporary response

question

The idea that people learn to fear or avoid selected objects or situations that are vestiges of evolutionary history, and individuals are biologically prepared to quickly associate fear responses with certain objects is called _____.

answer

prepared classical conditioning

question

_____ involves repeatedly exposing the client to the focus of an obsession and preventing compulsive responses to the resulting anxiety.

answer

exposure and response prevention therapy

question

Terrence has been seeing a therapist for his recurrent panic attacks. His therapist teaches him relaxation techniques to help him gain control over his anxiety symptoms. Terrence is also taught to identify the thoughts that are intrusive and aggravate his symptoms. He is encouraged to note these thoughts in a daily journal. Terrence's therapist is most likely using _____ to treat his panic disorder.

answer

cognitive-behavioral therapies

question

Which of the following is a true statement about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

answer

obsessive thoughts are distressing to people with OCD

question

Bradley was 12 years old when lightning struck his home. Now he becomes very anxious every time the sky darkens. If a storm begins, he exhibits panic symptoms and frantically searches for an area in the house where he feels safe. Bradley is most likely suffering from _____.

answer

a natural environment type phobia

question

Drake has a fear of dogs. As part of his therapy, Drake must first observe his therapist petting a dog and then, when instructed, must do the same. Which behavioral treatment is most likely being used in this situation?

answer

modeling

question

What differentiates flooding from systematic desensitization?

answer

the intensity of exposure to the feared stimuli

question

_____ to be diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and most of the other anxiety disorders including panic disorder, social phobias, and generalized anxiety disorder.

answer

women are more likely than men

question

The statement "often, the link between the obsession and the compulsion is the result of 'magical thinking'" means that the person with OCD believes that repeating a behavior a certain number of times will:

answer

ward off danger to themselves or others

question

According to biological theories of obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulses are carried to a part of the basal ganglia called the _____, which allows the strongest of the impulses to flow through to the thalamus.

answer

caudate nucleus

question

Gerald has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). He has been taking his medicine regularly, but has begun to experience side effects such as constipation and drowsiness. Which drug is he most likely taking for his symptoms?

answer

SSRIs

question

In _____, individuals can practice their feared behaviors in front of others while the therapist coaches them in the use of relaxation techniques.

answer

cognitive-behavioral therapy in a group setting

question

Janelle is terrified of needles and the sight of blood. When she was younger, she had to have several stitches because of a bicycle accident. The cut on her forehead was deep and bled profusely. At the sight of blood, Janelle feels her blood pressure and heart rate drop, and on one occasion, she even fainted. Janelle is most likely suffering from _____.

answer

a blood-injection-injury type phobia

question

_____ refers to a set of physical and psychological responses that help us fight threats or flee from them.

answer

fight-or-flight responses

question

People with panic disorder show dysregulation of norepinephrine systems in an area of the brainstem called the:

answer

locus ceruleus.

question

The _____ drugs such as Xanax, Librium, Valium, and Serax provide short-term relief from anxiety symptoms but have side effects and addictiveness that preclude long-term use.

answer

benzodiazepine

question

Which of the following statements is true about "taijin-kyofusho"?

answer

It is in line with the Japanese emphasis on deference to others.

question

Two months ago, Mark's mother passed away unexpectedly. Since her death, he has been unable to function at school, has lost interest in extracurricular activities, and gets agitated easily. Mark may be exhibiting the symptoms of _____.

answer

adjustment disorder

question

Which of the following statements about panic disorder is true?

answer

Many people with panic disorder feel ashamed of it and try to hide it from others.

question

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a consequence of:

answer

experiencing extreme stressors

question

Virginia is very aware of her bodily cues that signal a panic attack. This heightened awareness is known as _____.

answer

interoceptive awareness

question

Janie's house was broken into and the perpetrator brutally attacked her. Since the attack, she has withdrawn from family and friends. Janie is most likely:

answer

experiencing emotional numbness and detachment

question

Ruth is afraid of being in large open spaces. She is especially worried that she will not be able to leave the area if she begins to panic. Ruth is most likely experiencing _____.

answer

agoraphobia

question

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) sufferers may report _____ about having lived through a traumatic event.

answer

survivor guilt

question

Judith worries daily about whether her husband made it safely to work, how her children are getting on in school, what she should cook for dinner, and if the family will be satisfied with the meal she prepares. Judith is sluggish most of the time, and has trouble concentrating on positive things. Judith is most likely suffering from:

answer

generalized anxiety disorder.

question

Which of the following statements is true about cross-cultural and gender differences in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms?

answer

African Americans have higher rates of PTSD compared to whites, Hispanics, and Asian Americans.

question

People diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD):

answer

are often excessively worried about almost all situations

question

Which of the following hormones is often used as a measure of stress?

answer

cortisol

question

In exposure and response prevention therapy, repeated exposure to the content of the obsession:

answer

extinguishes the client's anxiety about the obsession

PSYCH 381 Chapter 5 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards