question

Which of the following can explain the change that has occurred when a racquetball player with tendinitis has altered his stroke to a tennis stroke to decrease the stress on the elbow? Altering the stroke would be a(n)

answer

phase shift

question

Motor skill acquisition falls under which discipline?

answer

motor learning

question

An individual's motivation to practice is an example of which type of constraint?

answer

functional constraint

question

A person is considered obese when their:

answer

BMI is 30 or greater

question

In Article 1, author Mark Fischman identifies that Motor Behavior comprises of which academic discipline(s)?

answer

motor learning, motor development, & motor control

question

Identify the father of Motor Behavior?

answer

Franklin Henry

question

A child first learning to swim may experience fear of water. This is what type of constraint?

answer

functional

question

In article 1, the author recognizes the need to structure appropriate practice experiences in order to promote optimal skill learning

answer

True

question

According to the CDC's 2012 report, Louisiana was recognized as the State with the highest obesity rates

answer

True

question

Using a smaller ball when practicing throwing with 10-year-olds is an example of manipulating what type of constraint?

answer

task

question

BMI refers to:

answer

A ratio of an adult's weight in relation to his or her muscle mass

question

The perspective or theory that development occurs as a function of nature assumes that maturation occurs as a result of genetic or internal factors. What is this perspective or theory called?

answer

maturational perspective

question

The generation born between 1980 and the mid to late 90's is referred to as Generation Y

answer

True

question

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of motor learning?

answer

can be observed directly

question

Researchers in which of the following fields examine the products and underlying processes of motor behavior changes across the life span?

answer

motor development

question

Which of the following is not a constraint commonly discussed with regard to motor development theories and models?

answer

categorical

question

A toddler who is afraid of being hurt by a thrown ball will likely close their eyes. In this case, fear is a common?

answer

rate limiter

question

Which term refers to how growth begins with the head, with distal structures growing more slowly?

answer

cephalocaudal

question

In which period did motor learning researchers focus on the processes underlying performance changes during the learning of new simple motor skills and the evaluation of such performances?

answer

normative period

question

Which county in Tennessee has the highest obesity rates?

answer

Hardeman

question

According to Gentile's multidimensional classification system, the most complex skill would be one whose

answer

environmental context is in motion, involves high intertrial variability, and requires both body transport and object manipulation

question

Which of the following is an example of an externally paced motor skill?

answer

baseball batting

question

Which of the following is the strongest example of a closed serial motor skill?

answer

triple jump

question

Which of the following is an example of an invasion game?

answer

Ultimate Frisbee

question

Genetically predetermined characteristics that affect movement performance are called

answer

abilities

question

Tasks that require the ability to maintain body position against forces of gravity, which may include other circumstances that increase the difficulty of the task, are termed

answer

stability tasks

question

Which of the following is an example of a fine motor skill?

answer

sewing

question

Which of the following is an example of a secondary rule in lacrosse?

answer

the different sticks used for men and women

question

Which type of skills involves interpreting and integrating sensory information to determine the best movement outcome?

answer

perceptual skills

question

For which type of games is the scoring based on the number of runs?

answer

fielding games

question

For which type of games are individuals challenged to compete against their competitors and themselves?

answer

personal performance games

question

Gross motor skills are classified according to which of the following?

answer

movement precision

question

Continuous motor skills are classified according to which of the following?

answer

nature of the skill

question

Building a base of fundamental motor skills will likely enable an individual to perform a wide array of similar activities.

answer

True

question

There are no skills that are entirely closed.

answer

True

question

The rules that characterize the play of the game and how the game is won are the secondary rules

answer

False

question

Movement skills, and movement concepts can transfer from one game to another.

answer

True

question

Locomotor skills cannot be developed separately from ______________ skills.

answer

stability

question

Which of the following would have high intertrial variability?

answer

golf

question

When teaching motor skills to a beginner, the teaching practitioner, physical therapist, occupational therapist, and sport coach should include which of the following?

answer

All options apply

question

All learners reach the autonomous stage.

answer

False

question

According to Bernstein, as performers become more comfortable with performing a skill the number of degrees of freedom decreases

answer

False

question

When learning a new motor skill, individuals progress through a series of stages, regardless of the motor skill or the individual's age.

answer

True

question

Gentile's stages of learning model recommends which instructional strategy for closed skills during the fixation and diversification stage?

answer

fixation

question

In which of Fitts and Posner's learning stages does the learner begin to develop error correction strategies?

answer

associative stage

question

In the early stages of skill acquisition, a learner

answer

freezes the degrees of freedom

question

Factors unrelated to the movement task that can distract learners from important relevant cues, preventing skillful performance, are termed

answer

nonregulatory conditions

question

The largest gains in learning occur during which stage?

answer

cognitive

question

In which of Fitts and Posner's learning stages is the practitioner's main role to motivate the learner

answer

autonomous stage

question

If the motor skill is an open skill, the practitioner will advance to a diversification strategy after, and only after, the learner is proficient at performing the motor skill consistently by using the fixation strategy.

answer

True

question

If an individual has incurred an injury or must make some adaptation due to declines resulting from aging, he has entered which stage in the mountain of motor development?

answer

compensation period

question

The final learning stage in Gentile's model for a closed skill is

answer

fixation

question

At what age do children begin to refine fundamental motor patterns to movements specific for sports?

answer

7 years

question

During which of Fitts and Posner's learning stages is attention reallocated to strategic decision making?

answer

autonomous stage

question

The reflexive period occurs following birth and continues for approximately two months.

answer

exploitation of the environment

question

Which of the following could cause an individual to enter the compensation period?

answer

an injury and aging

question

Which of Fitts and Posner's learning stages is also termed the motor stage where movements are refined?

answer

associative stage

question

Humans are born with "preadapted" motor behaviors, which are either reinforced or modified by constraints in the environment.

answer

True

question

During which of Fitts and Posner's learning stages is it most appropriate to use demonstrations, modeling, and verbal instructions?

answer

cognitive stage

question

Novices require focused attention on the overall mechanics of the movement.

answer

True

question

Identify the subjective measurement applied to effort during performance

answer

RPE

question

benefit the most from transfer.

answer

Novices

question

Which type of performance curve illustrates rapid initial improvements followed by a gradual reduction in the rate of improvement?

answer

negatively accelerating curve

question

Movement pattern bias would least likely occur between which sports?

answer

Tennis and soccer

question

Which of the following is NOT a criterion of automaticity?

answer

The movement can be altered.

question

Consistent performance always implies learning.

answer

False

question

Transfer is generally small and positive

answer

True

question

Which type of test is a measurement of adaptability?

answer

transfer test

question

Which retention measure informs the learner as to how much was lost relative to the change in the original learning?

answer

percentage score

question

The positively accelerating curve is the most common type of performance curve.

answer

False

question

What is the capability to make movement adjustments to fit the changing demands of the task and environmental conditions?

answer

adaptability

question

The transfer-appropriate-processing theory accounts for why positive transfer occurs by stating that positive transfer is due to the similarity of the

answer

Cognitive processes required by two motor skills.

question

According to the identical elements theory, which two motor skills would have the greatest amount of transfer?

answer

racquetball and tennis

question

Which of the following measures of retention do not compare performance on the retention test to prior performance levels?

answer

absolute retention

question

What is a test that is given following a break from practice?

answer

retention test

question

Transfer-appropriate processing theory asserts that movement strategies and concepts can transfer, while identical elements theory asserts that fundamental movement patterns transfer from one motor skill to another.

answer

True

question

Which performance curve indicates that there is a direct relationship between the performance measure and time?

answer

linear curve

question

In a study comparing energy cost of novice and experienced scuba divers, beginning divers used ________ oxygen compared to experienced divers when performing the same length of dive

answer

More

question

If a previous experience produces no effect on performance, then which type of transfer has occurred?

answer

Zero transfer

question

As an individual becomes a more proficient walker, oppositional arm swing becomes apparent.

answer

True

question

A runner who as at the mature stage demonstrates

answer

complete extension of the support leg

question

Reflex behaviors are broken down into primitive reflexes, postural reactions, and locomotor reflexes

answer

True

question

With respect to the overarm throw for distance and accuracy,

answer

more girls than boys remain unskilled into their middle school years

question

The learner with a solid base of fundamental movement skills

answer

is likely to enjoy organized athletic pursuits

question

A kicker at the initial stage

answer

pushes the ball with the foot

question

The walking gait cycle is made up of the support phase and swing phase

answer

True

question

Fundamental movement skills are locomotor (e.g., walking, running, jumping, and hopping), manipulative (e.g., throwing, catching, striking, kicking), and stability-related (e.g., twisting, bending, turning) movements that form a base for more complex activities such as gymnastics, dance, and sports.

answer

True

question

Object control skills (e.g., throwing, catching, kicking) generally involve a combination of at least two movements.

answer

True

question

Across all societal groups, people have become more sedentary over the past two decades, with an increase in obesity and a host of health risks that accompany obesity

answer

True

question

A student throwing a baseball for distance and accuracy should

answer

demonstrate clear rotation through the hips and spine

question

As people move into older adulthood, they are predominantly

answer

adapting their movements due to changes in their organismic constraints

question

Fundamental movement skills can be divided into the following three general groupings:

answer

stability skills, locomotor skills, manipulative skills

question

Practitioners should use which of the following tiers to classify the level of development for a given fundamental motor skill

answer

Initial, elementary, mature

question

Gabbard has referred to fundamental movement skills as the "movement foundation" because of their importance in

answer

complex skill combinations used in sporting activities

question

As individuals move into early childhood, the primary goal with respect to movement is

answer

the emergence of movement skill

question

Persistence of a reflex can indicate neurological problems

answer

True

question

Spontaneous movements

answer

are also referred to as rhythmical stereotypies

question

Locomotor reflexes comprise of the following reflexes: Crawling, stepping, and swimming

answer

True

question

A synonym for "qualitative" is:

answer

Process

question

The two types of photoreceptors are called rods and cones.

answer

True

question

Visual acuity of 20/40 means that

answer

I see at 40 feet what most people see at 20 feet

question

Which of the following changes the least during the growth years relative to other body segments?

answer

Head

question

The interaction of genetic and environmental constraints is complex. Which of the following is the most correct statement?

answer

Training in athletics has a huge impact on performance, but genetic endowment might restrict ultimate levels of performance.

question

Growth in number of muscle fibers is referred to as

answer

hyperplasia

question

Figure-ground perception is fully developed at age 5 years.

answer

False

question

The ability to see in three dimensions is called

answer

depth perception

question

Which of the following provides information about body position?

answer

kinesthesis

question

After growth has ceased, why is the height of women less than the height of men?

answer

On average, women grow for two years less than men.

question

From birth to age 20, heart rates

answer

decrease

question

Twins who have identical genotypes are called dizygotic.

answer

False

question

Which of the hormones is primarily responsible for the adolescent growth spurt?

answer

adrenal

question

Which growth curve of stature best describes height at different ages?

answer

distance curve

question

Which growth curve of stature best describes rates of change in height?

answer

velocity curve

question

Object permanence refers to the existence of an object even if it cannot be seen.

answer

True

question

Body stature and weight are examples of what type of constraint?

answer

structural constraint

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