question

Adolescent acne is usually caused by A. changes in diet B. changes in the lymphoid system C. sexual frustration D. an increase in skin oils and sweat

answer

D

question

Statistically, which person is MOST likely to have the greatest health problems as a result of iron deficiency? A. 16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating B. 12-year-old Monica, who has not yet experienced menarche C. 15-year-old Nathan, who exercises very little D. 25-year-old Ben, who has three children

answer

A

question

Marcy says, "There is no way I am going to school today with this bruise on my cheek. Everybody is going to laugh at me." Marcy is demonstrating ______. A. a volatile mismatch B. an implicit judgment C. the imaginary audience D. the invincibility fable

answer

C

question

Research on younger and older adolescents' analytic thinking indicated that ________. A. younger adolescents were rarely logical, whereas older adolescents were nearly always logical B. individuals who were analytical on some problems were analytical on all problems C. most adolescents do not think as analytically as their capabilities allow D. younger adolescents tended to dismiss research that was contrary to their own beliefs

answer

C

question

Joss thinks he is more unique and admired than other adolescents his age and is certain that everyone is paying attention to his every action. It appears that he has started to experience adolescent ______. A. modesty B. moral reasoning C. egocentrism D. logic

answer

C

question

Research has shown that adolescents who drop out of high school may show early signs of high school dropout by _____. A. preschool B. elementary school C. middle school D. high school

answer

C

question

Which of the following has NOT been associated with early maturation among girls? A. more depression B. low self-esteem C. less alcohol D. poor body image

answer

C

question

An example of a behavior that demonstrates identity foreclosure is ________. A. dropping out of high school B. choosing a different career path than what parents wanted C. being eager to vote D. working in the family business because it is expected

answer

D

question

The term for a pause in identity formation, when alternatives are explored before final choices are made, is known as ______. A. identity diffusion B. role confusion C. negative identity D. moratorium

answer

D

question

Almost all social networking engaged in by adolescents is between adolescents ________. A. who do not know each other beyond social media B. who are friends C. who are in a bully-victim relationship D. who do not have many friends

answer

B

question

Alisha took an overdose of prescription pills, but before she lost consciousness she called her mom for help. Alisha was rushed to the hospital for medical attention. Alisha's behavior is defined as ______. A. parasuicide B. self-destructive behavior C. deliberate suicide D. suicide ideation

answer

A

question

Ty started to behave aggressively at age 5, and by age 8 was caught shoplifting several times. Ty is now age 25 and has committed armed robbery. Ty would be considered to be a(n) ______. A. hostile offender B. dual offender C. life-course-persistent offender D. adolesence-limited offender

answer

C

question

Several suicides within the same group of people in a brief period are called ______ suicides. A. cult B. pact C. planned D. cluster

answer

D

question

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a possible reason for the decrease in juvenile criminal behavior? A. fewer school dropouts B. lenient drug laws C. smaller families D. less lead poisoning

answer

B

question

What global trend is evident with regard t o alcohol? A. affluent nations have more abstainers and abusers than low-income nations B. affluent nations have more heavy drinkers than low-income nations C. low-income nations have more abstainers and abusers than affluent nations D. low-income nations have more moderate drinkers than affluent nations

answer

C

question

Currently in the United States, _____ of adults are overweight. A. one-third B. one-half C. two-thirds D. three-quarters

answer

C

question

Intelligence that reflects accumulated learning is referred to as ______. A. creative intelligence B. practical intelligence C. fluid intelligence D. crystallized intelligence

answer

D

question

All of the following contribute to the development of expertise EXCEPT ______. A. gender B. experience C. accumulated knowledge D. practice

answer

A

question

Sylvia is 50 years old and is experiencing vaginal dryness, hot flashes, hot flushes, and cold sweats. She is most likely entering ______. A. menopause B. andropause C. depression D. IVF

answer

A

question

Thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought is _____ processing. A. strategic B. flexible C. automatic D. intuitive

answer

C

question

A dynamic long-term body adjustment that affects physiology is referred to as ____. A. organ reserve B. homeostasis C. senescence D. allostasis

answer

D

question

The recent effort by countries around the world to increase the number of young people attending college is prompted by national governments' belief in ____. A. stereotype threat B. moratorium C. massification D. linked lives

answer

C

question

All of the following beliefs reflect cognitive flexibility EXCEPT ______. A. a person's perspective is only one of many B. a problem has many potential solutions C. life plans are static D. knowledge is dynamic

answer

C

question

Silas was raised in a home where men did not help with housework or cooking because those chores were deemed "women's work." At age 20, he does not agree with that view, but hides his negative reaction to it when visiting his parents' home. Silas is demonstrating _______. A. emotional flexibility B. emotional inflexibility C. cognitive flexibility D. cognitive inflexibility

answer

C

question

Cognitively, what helps counter stereotypes? A. flexibility B. subjectivity C. objectivity D. dialect

answer

A

question

Which of the following is likely to be a possible reaction to stereotype threat? A. the high school drop-out rate for African American males should increase B. young girls' preferences for playing with dolls over trucks should change C. romantic relationship partners living together without being married should decrease D. women's performance on the math portion of the SAT should increase.

answer

A

question

______ relationships have high rates of verbal and physical abuse. A. hookup b. postformal c. churning d. emerging adult

answer

C -having sex after breaking up

question

After the children have grown, MOST couples find that _____. A. their financial strains are overwhelming B. their relationships improve C. there are more fights over equity in domestic work D. less time is spent in shared activities

answer

B

question

The group of people that moves through life with an individual while providing both protection and encouragement is called a ____. A. familial collection B. social convoy C. fictive kin D. support network

answer

B

question

Chris is high in extroversion and therefor will probably _____. A. be likely to get a divorce B. have a life that is in constant flux C. become a librarian or a safety inspector D. get married

answer

D

question

After a recent divorce and many years as a stay-at-home mom, Cheryl is entering the workforce. As a single parent with three children, she needs a livable wage, good benefits, and a retirement plan. She is focused on the _____ of work. A. intrinsic rewards B. self-fulfilling prophecy C. extrinsic rewards D. secondary gains

answer

C

question

When the thought required for an action has become routine, and it appears that most aspects of the task are performed instinctively, the performance of the task is ____. A. automatic B. optimized C. compensated D. efficient

answer

A

question

Since they are called on to help both the older and younger generations of the family, middle-aged adults have been called the ______. A. midlife generation B. family caregivers C. kinkeepers D. sandwich generation

answer

D

question

In every nation, ____ are much more likely to be the main caregivers for the frail elderly. A. female relatives B. male relatives C. nurses D. hospice care

answer

A

question

Growth first starts at

answer

fingers and toes

question

When one person shows another another how to train how to defy rules and authority T/F

answer

True

question

Alcohol effects adolescents more than adults due to their brain immunity T/F

answer

True

question

4 aspects of family closeness are communication, support, connectedness, and control T/F

answer

True

question

A boys first ejaculation of seminal fluid is called _____.

answer

Spermarche

question

Both boys are girls produce androgens and estrogens. T/F

answer

True boys=androgens girls=more estrogens

question

Secondary sex characteristics involve reproductive organs such as the uterus and testes. T/F

answer

False, primary characteristics

question

Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called ____.

answer

Hormones

question

The most prominent change in adolescent thought is the ability to:

answer

Perceive possibility

question

Females outnumber the males in parasuicide, yet males outnumber females in suicide. Why?

answer

Males usually have more access and more violent ways.

question

One reason for nutritional deficiencies during adolescences is preoccupation with body image T/F

answer

True

question

Psychosocial development during adolescence involves the search for a ___.

answer

Understanding of oneself

question

The opposite of identity achievement is

answer

Role confusion

question

Which of the following has not been associated with early maturation among girls?

answer

Less alcohol use

question

In general, as children experience puberty, their self esteem...

answer

Declines

question

The need for teenagers to fit into their peer group is best related to

answer

The imaginary audience

question

Another name for the sex glands that help to trigger puberty is the

answer

Gonads

question

Which secondary sex characteristic do both males and females experience?

answer

pubic hair

question

The urge to conform to one's peers in behavior, dress, and attitude is referred to as ___.

answer

Peer pressure

question

Lizette and her husband had her ova fertilized with his sperm in a laboratory and then implanted in her uterus. What form of assisted reproductive technology is this?

answer

IFV-in vitro fertilization

question

____ Intelligence is particularly valuable in high school and college.

answer

Analytic

question

Short-term memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking are qualities associated with ____ intelligence.

answer

Fluid

question

Margaret has started slowing down in her ability to type, but she is an excellent researcher. She focuses on her area of skill so that she can maintain her job with her law firm. This is called selective optimization with _____.

answer

Compensation. -Focusing on what she's good at and she knows she can improve

question

Gerry likes to play Trivial Pursuit, do crossword puzzles, and write poetry. He could be high in ___ intelligence.

answer

Fluid -Poetry=abstract thought

question

Malcolm is a director of a regional theater group. In this creative job, he would be MOST likely to display the ____ characteristic of his expertise.

answer

Intuitive

question

years of rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that end childhood, producing a person of adult size, shape, and sexuality.

answer

Puberty

question

Puberty Average ages and changes Time between the _____ onrush of hormones and full adult physical development Usually lasting _____-____ years Many more years are required to achieve psychosocial maturity.

answer

first 3-5 years

question

Girl's first menstrual period, signaling that she has begun ovulation, pregnancy is biologically possible, but ovulation and menstruation are often irregular for years after menarche. Average age—about ____ years for normal-weight girls

answer

Menarche 12.5

question

Boy's first ejaculation of sperm Erections can occur as early as infancy, but ejaculation signals sperm production Average age—just under ____ years

answer

Spermarche 13

question

Body chemicals produced by the body to regulate many biological processes. Various hormones influence thoughts, urges, emotions, and behavior. Hormones may underlie differences in ________.

answer

Hormones psychopathology

question

Gland in the brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus by producing many hormones, including those that regulate growth and control other glands, among them the adrenal and sex glands.

answer

Pituitary gland

question

Two glands, located above the kidneys, that produce hormones (including the "stress hormones" epinephrine [adrenaline] and norepinephrine).

answer

Adrenal glands

question

Paired sex glands (ovaries in females, testicles in males).

answer

Gonads

question

Gonads produce ______ and ______.

answer

hormones and gametes

question

Sex hormone, considered the chief estrogen.

answer

Estradiol -females produce more estradiol than males do

question

Sex hormone, the best known of the androgens (male hormones). Secreted in far greater amounts by males than by females.

answer

Testosterone

question

A relatively sudden and rapid physical growth that occurs during puberty. Each body part increases in size on a schedule. Height spurt follows the increase in body fat, and then a muscle spurt occurs.

answer

Growth spurt

question

Parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis.

answer

Primary sex characteristics

question

Observable physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity, such as a man's beard and a woman's breasts.

answer

Secondary sex characteristics

question

Fourth and final stage of cognitive development Characterized by more systematic logic and the ability to think about abstract ideas, hypothetical situations

answer

Formal operational thought: Piaget

question

Person's idea of how his or her body looks Girls diet partly because boys tend to prefer to date thin girls. Boys want to look taller and stronger partly because girls value well-developed muscles in males. Body image dissatisfaction occurs in adolescents of both sexes and every ethnic group. Another reason for poor nutrition is anxiety about body image.

answer

Body image

question

Early-maturing girls tend to have lower self-esteem, more depression, and poorer ____ _____ than later-maturing girls.

answer

body image

question

A characteristic of adolescent thinking that leads young people to believe in their own uniqueness and to imagine that other people are also focused on them.

answer

Adolescent egocentrism

question

Aspect of adolescent egocentrism characterized by an adolescent's belief that his or her thoughts, feelings, or experiences are unique, more wonderful or awful than anyone else's.

answer

Personal fable

question

Adolescent's egocentric conviction that he or she cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal, such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or high-speed driving.

answer

Invincibility fable

question

Other people who, in an adolescent's egocentric belief, are watching and taking note of his or her appearance, ideas, and behavior. This belief makes many teenagers self-conscious.

answer

Imaginary audience

question

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality

answer

Hypothetical thought

question

Reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out (deduce) specifics Sometimes called top-down reasoning

answer

Deductive reasoning

question

Reasoning from one or more specific experiences or facts to a general conclusion; may be less cognitively advanced than deduction, sometimes called bottom-up reasoning

answer

Inductive reasoning

question

Help adolescents navigate physical changes of puberty, intellectual challenges of high school, and social changes of leaving childhood Can be more helpful than harmful, especially in early adolescence Affect adolescents differentially Are particularly needed by adolescents of minority and immigrant groups

answer

Peers

question

Peers facilitate both destructive and constructive behaviors in one another. Makes it easier to do both the wrong thing and the right thing Helps individuals do things that they would be unlikely to do on their own

answer

Facilitation

question

Age ___ or ___ is most likely age of visible onset of puberty. The rise in hormone levels that signals puberty is still considered normal in those as young as age __ or as old as age ___. Higher incidence of precocious puberty (sexual development before age 8) occurs for ____ reasons.

answer

11, 12 8, 14 Unknown

question

Erikson's term for the fifth stage of development, in which the person tries to figure out "Who am I?" but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adopt

answer

Identity vs. role confusion

question

Consistent definition of one's self as a unique individual, in terms of roles, attitudes, beliefs, and aspirations

answer

Identity

question

Erikson's term for the attainment of identity, or the point at which a person understands who he or she is as a unique individual, in accord with past experiences and future plans

answer

Identity achievement

question

Situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is

answer

Role confusion (identity diffusion)

question

Erikson's term for premature identity formation, which occurs when an adolescent adopts parents' or society's roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis

answer

Foreclosure

question

An adolescent's choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions (Going to college is a common example.)

answer

Moratorium

question

Parents' ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom Positive: Part of a warm, supportive relationship Negative: When overly restrictive and controlling Worst: Psychological when parents make a child feel guilty and impose gratefulness by threatening to withdraw love and support -Monitoring is a mutual process with adults who care and adolescents who communicate. -Adolescents participate in their own monitoring.

answer

Parental monitoring

question

Provides encouragement to conform to one's friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude Is usually considered a negative force, as when adolescent peers encourage one another to defy adult authority Can also be positive influence of either gender

answer

Peer pressure

question

Destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms

answer

Deviancy training

question

Thinking about suicide, usually with some serious emotional and intellectual or cognitive overtones

answer

Suicide ideation

question

any lethal action against self that does not results in death -commmon

answer

Parasuicide (attempted or failed suicide)

question

Person whose criminal activity stops by age 21

answer

Adolescence-limited offender

question

A person whose criminal activity typically begins in early adolescence and continues throughout life; a career criminal

answer

Life-course-persistent offender

question

All four identity statuses are evident in emerging adulthood as the identity crisis continues.

answer

Achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion

question

In developed nations, it is normative for emerging adults to question who that really are in four areas.

answer

Originally, sex, vocation, politics, religion

question

Sequence of male-female relationships during childhood and adolescence

answer

1. Groups of friends, exclusively one sex or the other 2. A loose association of girls and boys, with public interactions within a crowd 3. Small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd 4. Formation of couples, with private intimacies

question

First romance typically occurs in high school with steady relationships ____ ___ in girls Exclusive commitment often _____. More closely related to ___ ___ than actual interactions. Does not always include sex; norms differ

answer

More likely Difficult Emotional state

question

Less confidence and more depression; gradual self-esteem increase Self-esteem dip at puberty found in every ethnicity and gender; but gender and ethnic differences Influenced by familism

answer

Depression

question

Feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness that last two weeks or more Combination of biological and psychosocial stresses Differential susceptibility (5-HTTLPR)

answer

Clinical depression

question

Studies find that girls have much higher rates of ___ than boys, usually about twice as high. Cause for the gender disparity may be biological, psychological, or social.

answer

Sadness/anger

question

Repeatedly thinking and talking about past experiences Can contribute to depression More common in girls

answer

Rumination

question

Period between the ages of 18 and 25, which is now widely thought of as a separate developmental stage Also called young adulthood or youth

answer

Emerging adulthood

question

The extra capacity built into each organ, such as the heart and lungs, that allows a person to cope

answer

Organ reserve

question

The adjustment of all the body's systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium, moment by moment. As the body ages, it takes longer for these homeostatic adjustments to occur, so it becomes harder for older bodies to adapt to stress.

answer

Homeostasis

question

A dynamic body adjustment, related to homeostasis, that over time affects overall physiology. The main difference is that while homeostasis requires an immediate response, allostasis requires longer-term adjustment.

answer

Alostasis

question

Idea that establishing higher learning institutions and encouraging college enrollment could benefit everyone (the masses), leading to marked increases in the number of emerging adults in college

answer

Massification

question

U.S. was the first major nation to endorse ______, with state-funded universities in all 50 states, often more than one per state.

answer

Massification

question

Proposed adult stage of cognitive development, following Piaget's four stages Goes beyond adolescent thinking by being more practical, more flexible, and more dialectical and less impulsive and reactive.

answer

Postformal thought

question

Use formal analysis to learn science, distill principles, develop arguments, and resolve the world's problems Are less impulsive than adolescents Do not wait for someone to present a problem to solve or for circumstances to require a reaction

answer

Post formal thinkers

question

Fear that someone else will judge one's appearance or behavior negatively and thereby confirm that person's prejudiced attitudes Mere possibility of being negatively stereotyped arouses anxiety that can disrupt cognition and distort emotional regulation Stereotype threat makes people of all ages doubt their ability, which reduces learning if their anxiety interferes with cognition.

answer

Stereotype threat

question

Erikson's sixth psychosocial stage, _____ vs ________, particularly emphasizes that humans are social creatures.

answer

Intimacy vs. isolation

question

Intimacy progresses from ______ to close ________ to ongoing ______.

answer

attraction, connection, commitment

question

a pedagogical model where typically lectures are reversed. Short video lectures are viewed by students before class and in class time is filled with exercises, projects and discussions.

answer

Flipped classroom

question

an online course with unlimited participation and open access through the internet.

answer

Massive open online course (MOOC)

question

In the stage of ____ _____, one is more capable of combining contradictory elements into a comprehensive whole.

answer

Postformal thought

question

Use formal analysis to learn science, distill principles, develop arguments, and resolve the world's problems Are less impulsive than adolescents Do not wait for someone to present a problem to solve or for circumstances to require a reaction

answer

Postformal thinkers

question

___ ___ are man-made things that seem to enhance our abilities such as to-do lists, calendars, or writing reminders.

answer

Cognitive artifact

question

Gradual physical decline during which the body becomes less strong and efficient

answer

Senescence

question

Is most common in nations where medical care is scarce and STIs are common.

answer

Infertility

question

___% of U.S. couples are infertile, partly because many postpone childbearing.

answer

12%

question

Multiple factors (e.g. advanced age, fever, radiation, prescription drugs, stress, environmental toxins, drug abuse, alcoholism, cigarette smoking) can reduce sperm number, shape, and motility.

answer

Male infertility

question

Affected by anything that impairs physical functioning (e.g. advanced age, diseases, smoking, extreme dieting, obesity). Pelvic inflammatory disease can block a woman's fallopian tubes, preventing the sperm from reaching an ovum.

answer

Female infertility

question

Menstrual periods cease completely and production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone drops considerably. Treatment -Hysterectomy -Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

answer

Menopause

question

Testosterone levels drop in older men, which normally results in a reduction in sexual desire, erections, and muscle mass. Treatment -drugs e.g. Viagra

answer

Andropause

question

Intelligence is one basic trait, involving all cognitive abilities, which people possess in varying amounts. Intelligence cannot be measured directly but can be inferred from various abilities. Many scientists seek to find one common factor.

answer

General intelligence

question

Cannot be measured directly but be inferred from various abilities (e.g. vocabulary, memory, and reasoning) Many scientists are trying to find one common factor (genes, early brain development, or some specific aspect of health) underlies IQ.

answer

General intelligence

question

Intelligence is multi-_____, multi-_____, multi-______, and _____.

answer

directional, cultural, contextual, plastic

question

The ability to go through ideas, solve problems, and make decisions. -is valuable in high school and college, as students are expected to remember and analyze various ideas.

answer

Analytical intelligence

question

Involves intellectual flexibility and innovation.

answer

Creative intelligence

question

The intellectual skills used in everyday problem solving.

answer

Practical intelligence

question

People specialize in some abilities to ameliorate any physical and cognitive losses they may experience. Best effort may wane when older adults are not motivated.

answer

Selective optimization with compensation

question

Like muscle memory, when you have done something many times and you can do it without giving much thought.

answer

Automatic processing

question

Sexual arousal and orgasm slows/heightens with age. Distress at slower/faster responsiveness is associated with anxiety, interpersonal relationships, and expectations Adults of all ages enjoy ______ satisfaction and ________ pleasure.

answer

slows slower emotional, physical

question

Sternberg's 3 intelligences

answer

Analytic, creative, practical

question

Habits before age ____ affect health after age 60. Cancer Pollution Neighborhood stress Genes Some adults become ______. Attitudes may influence health, hardiness

answer

30 healthier

question

The Big 5

answer

OCEAN Openness Conscientiousness Extroversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

question

The time when parents are alone again after their children have moved out and launched their own lives Contrary to outdated impressions, this time often improves a relationship.

answer

Empty nest

question

Group of people who age together and provide protective layer of social relations throughout life Family members Friends Acquaintances Strangers When family bonds are similar to friendship bonds, relatives are mainstays of the social convoy.

answer

Social convoy

question

Have an impact Not in a person's closest friendship circle

answer

Consequential strangers

question

Includes people who become accepted as part of a family who have no genetic or legal relationship to that family. May become important when blood relatives become toxic. Can provide a lifeline for adults rejected by their original family.

answer

Fictive kin

question

when adults seek to be productive in a caring way

answer

Generativity vs. stagnation

question

Generation of middle-aged people who are supposedly "squeezed" by the needs of the younger and older members of their families. Far from being squeezed, middle-aged adults who provide some financial and emotional help to their adult children are less likely to be depressed than those adults whose children no longer relate to them.

answer

Sandwich generation

question

Tangible benefits, usually in the form of compensation Tend to be more important when people are young

answer

Extrinsic rewards of work

question

Intangible gratifications Older workers more likely to experience autonomy, mentor younger workers

answer

Intrinsic rewards of work

question

Adults seek to be ______ and parenthood is a common expression of that. -having babies

answer

Generative

question

Education (conscientious people are more likely to complete college) Cheating on exams (low on agreeableness) Marriage (extroverts more often marry) Divorce (more likely for neurotics) IQ (higher in openness) Verbal fluency (openness and extroversion), Political views (conservatives are less open)

answer

Actions/attitudes linked to the Big 5

question

The Big Five personality traits characterize personality at every age with each person relatively ___ or ____ on each.

answer

high, low

question

Friends are crucial for buffering stress and sharing secrets, for everyday companionship and guidance. True/false for both men and women

answer

True

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